Extracts of cbd and thc

ABSTRACT

The invention provides compositions and methods for the breeding, production, processing and use of specialty  cannabis .

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. Non-Provisional ApplicationNo. 15/795,904, filed on Oct. 27, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S.Non-Provisional Application No. 15/400,277, filed on Jan. 6, 2017, nowabandoned, which itself claims priority to U.S. Non-ProvisionalApplication No. 15/152,253, filed on May 11, 2016, now issued as U.S.Pat. No. 9,642,317, which itself claims priority to U.S. Non-ProvisionalApplication No. 14/742,493, filed on Jun. 17, 2015, now issued as U.S.Pat. No. 9,370,164, which itself claims priority to U.S. Non-ProvisionalApplication No. 14/216,744 filed on Mar. 17, 2014, now issued as U.S.Pat. No. 9,095,554, which itself claims priority to U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 61/801,528, filed on Mar. 15, 2013, and U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 61/897,074, filed on Oct. 29, 2013, each of which arehereby incorporated by reference in their entireties, including alldescriptions, references, figures, and claims for all purposes.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to specialty cannabis plants, compositions andmethods for making and using said cannabis plants and compositionsderived thereof.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Cannabis, more commonly known as marijuana, is a genus of floweringplants that includes at least three species, Cannabis sativa, Cannabisindica, and Cannabis ruderalis as determined by plant phenotypes andsecondary metabolite profiles. In practice however, cannabisnomenclature is often used incorrectly or interchangeably. Cannabisliterature can be found referring to all cannabis varieties as “sativas”or all cannabinoid producing plants as “indicas”. Indeed the promiscuouscrosses of indoor cannabis breeding programs have made it difficult todistinguish varieties, with most cannabis being sold in the UnitedStates having features of both sativa and indica species.

The use of cannabis for social and medical purposes has been known foralmost of all humanity’s recorded history. Cannabis is most commonlyadministered via inhalation or consumption of marijuana-infused food anddrink. However, since 1972 marijuana has been classified as a Schedule Idrug under the U.S. Controlled Substances Act because the U.S. FederalGovernment considers it to have “no accepted medical use.” In starkcontrast to this position, 20 of the 50 U.S. states and the District ofColumbia have recognized the medical benefits of cannabis and havedecriminalized its medical use. The 20 U.S. states where medicalmarijuana has been decriminalized as of the filing date of the presentapplication are as follows: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan,Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, RhodeIsland, Vermont and Washington. The residency requirements, approvedlist of conditions/diseases, and the other laws/rules regarding thepossession and cultivation of medical marijuana generally differ bystate.

President Obama has publicly commented on the recreational legalizationof cannabis in Colorado and Washington stating that “it’s important forit to go forward because it’s important for society not to have asituation in which a large portion of people have at one time or anotherbroken the law and only a select few get punished”. Indeed in the sameinterview, President Obama remarked about cannabis “I don’t think it’smore dangerous than alcohol. In fact, it is less dangerous than alcoholin terms of its impact on the individual consumer.” (Conor FriedersdorfJanuary 2014, “Obama on Pot Legalization: ‘It’s Important for it to goForward’” The Atlantic). In line with the President’s comments the U.S.Attorney General Eric Holder announced that the federal government wouldallow states to create a regime that would regulate and implement thelegalization of cannabis, including loosening banking restrictions forcannabis dispensaries and growers (Jacob Sullum “Eric Holder Promises ToReassure Banks About Taking Marijuana Money ‘Very Soon’” Forbes January2014).

In addition to these recent developments, the U.S. government hasalready set a precedent for patenting cannabis, and cannabis-relatedinventions. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,630,507 issued on Oct. 7, 2003and assigned on the patent face to The United States of America, isdirected to methods of treating diseases caused by oxidative stress byadministering therapeutically effective amounts of a cannabidiol (CBD)cannabinoid from cannabis that has substantially no binding to theN-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, wherein the CBD acts as anantioxidant and neuroprotectant. A search of the U.S.P.T.O PatentApplication Information Retrieval (PAIR) system also reveals theexistence of thousands of cannabis related applications and issuedpatents including US 8,034,843 (use of cannabinoids for treating nausea,vomiting, emesis, motion sickness), US 7,698,594 (cannabinoidcompositions for treatment of pain), and US 8,632,825 (anti-tumouraleffects of cannabinoid combinations) among many others.

Thus, despite the official position of the U.S. Federal Government, andas recognized by the states that have legalized it, cannabis has beenshown to provide substantial benefits for medical and recreational uses.Cannabis is regularly used by a wide cross-section of society to treat avariety of maladies, conditions and symptoms including, but not limitedto, the following: nausea, glaucoma, lack of appetite, mucous membraneinflammation, epilepsy, leprosy, fever, obesity, asthma, urinary tractinfections, coughing, anorexia associated with weight loss in AIDSpatients, pain, and multiple sclerosis.

Cannabis intoxication (i.e., euphoria, relaxation) can occur and otherside effects may also accompany its use, particularly with higher doses,specific cannabis varieties and/or over prolonged periods of usage.Undesirable side effects of using the available THC-predominant cannabisvarieties can include, but are not limited to, the following: decreasedshort-term memory, dry mouth, impaired visual perception and motorskills, erectile dysfunction, lower fertility, red (i.e., blood shot)eyes, increased anxiety, occasional infarction, stroke, paranoia, acutepsychosis, lowered mental aptitude, hallucinations, bizarre behavior,irrational panic attacks, irrational thoughts and various othercognitive and social problems.

Some of the negative or undesirable side effects from using availablecannabis varieties for medical and recreational purposes are related tothe plant’s content of the chemical Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Amajor hurdle to the more wide-spread acceptance of cannabis and itslegalization is that the land races and commercially available cannabisgenotypes (of drug varieties) contain relatively high concentrations ofTHC. Indeed the average THC content of traditional recreational cannabishas risen over the years from an average of 0.74 in 1975, to 3.35% inthe 1990’s, and average of 6.4% in 2003 (Annual Reports (Nov. 9. 1999 toNov. 8, 2003) of Mahmoud A. ElSohly, PhD, Director of the NationalInstitute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Marijuana Project at the National Centerfor Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University ofMississippi). There is a real need for cannabis varieties for potentialmedical use that produce modulated THC concentrations and varyingconcentrations of other pharmacologically active substances that reducethe negative side effects of THC and increase the medical benefitsrealized from its use. There is also a need for healthier cannabis forrecreational use with reduced negative side effects from THC. Theinventions described herein meet that long-felt need.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the methods and compositions of the present invention,plants, plant parts, plant tissues and plant cells are produced tocontain pentyl, propyl, C-4, C-1 and monomethylether constituents ofcannabinoid families, including but not limited to acidic and neutralforms of the cannabigerol, cannabichromene, cannabidiol,delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol,cannabielsoin, cannabinol and cannabinodiol cannabinoid classes; and,cis and trans terpenoids, including but not limited to myrcene,limonene, linalool, ocimene, beta-pinene, alpha-pinene,beta-caryophyllene, alpha-caryophyllene, delta-3-carene,gamma-bisabolene, alpha-farnesene, beta-fenchol, guajol, alpha-guaiene,terpinolene, beta-eudesmol, alpha-bergamotene, epi-alpha-bisabolol andcaryophyllene oxide ranging from 0.1% of dry weight of inflorescences,plant parts, plant tissues and plant cells to 35% of inflorescencesand/or 95% of plant parts, plant parts, plant tissues and plant cells.

The present invention provides specialty cannabis plants, plant parts,plant tissues and plant cells which provide a way to deliver aconsistent and more tolerable and effective ratio of cannabinoids byproviding plants that comprise non-THC cannabinoids (“CBs”) to patients(e.g., <THC:>CBs than in presently-available cannabis varieties).

The present invention provides specialty cannabis plants, plant parts,plant cells and plant tissues which have an amount, percentage and/orratio of cannabinoids that is different from currently availableTHCA/THC varieties.

The present invention provides Medical Cannabis plants, plant parts,plant tissues and plant cells having an alternative cannabinoid (e.g.,THCV, CBDV, etc.) to THCA/THC.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides Specialty Cannabisplants, plant parts, tissues and cells having a THC content that is≥2.0% but ≤90.0% based on the dry weight of plant inflorescences; and, anon-THC CBs content based on the dry weight of plant inflorescences thatis ≥1.5%. Thus, the specialty cannabis plants, plant parts, planttissues and plant cells of the present invention will have a THC contentselected from the group consisting of 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%,10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%,24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%,38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%,52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%,66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%,80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89% and 90%; and, a CBscontent selected from the group consisting of 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%,1.9%, 2.0%, 2.1%, 2.2%, 2.3%, 2.4%, 2.5%, 2.6%, 2.7%, 2.8%, 2.9%, 3.0%,4.0%, 5.0%, 6.0%, 7.0%, 8.0%, 9.0%, 10.0%, 11.0%, 12.0%, 13.0%, 14.0%,15.0%, 16.0%, 17.0%, 18.0%, 19.0%, 20.0%, 21.0%, 22.0%, 23.0%, 24.0%,25.0%, 26.0%, 27.0%, 28.0%, 29.0%, 30.0%, 31.0%, 32.0%, 33.0%, 34.0%,35.0%, 36.0%, 37.0%, 38.0%, 39.0%, 40.0%, 41.0%, 42.0%, 43.0%, 44.0%,45.0%, 46.0%, 47.0%, 48.0%, 49.0%, 50.0%, 51.0%, 52.0%, 53.0%, 54.0%,55.0%, 56.0%, 57.0%, 58.0%, 59.0%, 60.0%, 61.0%, 62.0%, 63.0%, 64.0%,65.0%, 66.0%, 67.0%, 68.0%, 69.0%, 70.0%, 71.0%, 72.0%, 73.0%, 74.0%,75.0%, 76.0%, 77.0%, 78.0%, 79.0%, 80.0%, 81.0%, 82.0%, 83.0%, 84.0%,85.0%, 86.0%, 87.0%, 88.0%, 89.0%, 90.0%, 91.0%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%,96%, 97%, and 98%.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides specialty cannabisplants, plant parts, tissues and cells having a THC:CBs ratio greaterthan or equal to of 8:1. In other embodiments, the specialty cannabis ofthe present invention has THC:CBS ratios approaching 1:1, or lower. Bycomparison, the THC:CBs ratio of the currently available cannabisvarieties is 20:1 and approaches 25:1, 30:1, 35:1, 40:1 and higher.Thus, the specialty cannabis plants, plant parts, plant tissues andplant cells of the present invention will have a THC:CBs ratio of lessthan 20:1, 15:1, 10:1, 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2,1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:9, or below.

The present invention provides Classes of Cannabis Varieties developedby selection from landraces of mixed cannabis genotypes and resultingfrom further breeding, wherein these Classes of Cannabis Varieties canprovide useful patient treatment and also are used as breeding materialto develop Specialty Cannabis plants and varieties according to thepresent invention.

The present invention provides Specialty Cannabis plants and varietieswith increased organoleptic appeal as a result of having specified,predetermined terpene and sesquiterpene profiles and content. In someembodiments of the present invention, the increased organoleptic appealof the Specialty Cannabis is inherited in-whole or in-part as a resultof using the Classes of Cannabis Varieties in the breeding program todevelop the Specialty Cannabis plants. For, example, in someembodiments, Classes of Cannabis Varieties with specific terpene andsesquiterpene profiles and content are bred with certain cannabisvarieties with specific CBs profiles and content to develop SpecialtyCannabis Varieties with the desired combined attributes of the two typesof cannabis plants.

The present invention also provides methods to determine higher THCadequate to down-regulate the entire Cannabinoid (CB) system. Thismethod uses the ‘down-regulation’ as therapy for hyper-endocannabinoidsystems and to help increase the therapeutic margin. Additionally, thepresent invention provides for a potential role of dosage and itsinfluence on biosynthesis and build-up of cholesterol; a healthy meansof supplementing the endocannabinoid system when consuming an ultralow-cholesterol diet.

The present invention also provides methods for determining the terpeneprofiles at which ‘dosages’ are suitable for outcomes related to moodelevation and/or sedation (i.e., high limonene for energy, high myrcenefor sleep aid, etc.). Furthermore, according to the present invention,terpenes such as beta-caryophyllene are used in pain studies(anti-inflammatory via PGE) and linalool is used for anxiety(anti-anxiety and sedative).

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches a cannabis plant,plant part, tissue, or cell comprising: a cannabidiol (CBD) content thatis greater than 1.0% by weight, and a terpene profile in which myrceneis not the dominant terpene, wherein the terpene profile consists ofterpinolene, alpha phelladrene, beta ocimene, careen, limonene, gammaterpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol,camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool,cary oxide, and myrcene of a plant, and wherein the cannabinoid andterpene content is measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weightof the inflorescence.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ischemotype II with B_(T)/B_(D) genotype.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) contentthat is at least 1.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculatedbased on dry weight of the inflorescence.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue, or cell ofthe present invention comprises at least 2% cannabichromene (CBC)content by weight.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention 1 comprises a CBD content that is at least 5% byweight, and the THC content is at least 5% by weight, as measured byGC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a terpene oil content greater than 1.0%by weight wherein the terpene oil content is determined by the additivecontent of the terpenes in the terpene profile as measured by GC-FID,and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a terpene oil content greater than 2% byweight wherein the terpene oil content is determined by the additivecontent of the terpenes in the terpene profile as measured by GC-FID,and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.

In other embodiments, the present invention teaches a cannabis plant,plant part, tissue, or cell comprising a B_(T)/B_(D) genotype, andterpene profile in which myrcene is not the dominant terpene, whereinthe terpene profile consists of terpinolene, alpha phelladrene, betaocimene, careen, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alphaterpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alphahumulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, cary oxide, and myrcene of aplant, and wherein the terpene content is measured by GC-FID andcalculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.

In other embodiments, the present invention teaches a cannabis plant,plant part, tissue, or cell comprising: a B_(T)/B_(D) genotype, amyrcene relative content of less than 60% of the terpene profile, and aterpene oil content greater than 1.5% by weight, wherein the terpeneprofile consists of terpinolene, alpha phelladrene, beta ocimene,careen, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, betapinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, betacaryophyllene, linalool, cary oxide, and myrcene of a plant, and whereinthe terpene oil content is determined by the additive content of theterpenes in the terpene profile, and wherein the terpene contents aremeasured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of theinflorescence.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a CBD content that is greater than 3% byweight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of theinflorescence.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a THC content that is greater than 3% byweight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of theinflorescence.

In yet another embodiment, the present invention teaches a cannabisplant, plant part, tissue, or cell comprising: at least one propyl locusA allele (A_(pr)), and a terpene oil content greater than 1.5% byweight, wherein the terpene profile consists of terpinolene, alphaphelladrene, beta ocimene, careen, limonene, gamma terpinene, alphapinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alphaterpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, cary oxide, andmyrcene of a plant, and wherein the terpene oil content is determined bythe additive content of the terpenes in the terpene profile, and whereinthe cannabinoid and terpene contents are measured by GC-FID andcalculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue, or cell ofthe present invention comprises at least one B_(o) allele.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue, or cell ofthe present invention comprises a B_(T)/B_(D) genotype.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue, or cell ofthe present invention comprises a B_(D)/B_(D) genotype.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue, or cell ofthe present invention comprises a myrcene relative content of less than60% of the terpene profile.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue, or cell ofthe present invention comprises a terpene profile in which myrcene isnot the dominant terpene.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a cannabidivarin (CBDV) content that isgreater than 1% as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weightof the inflorescence.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a CBDV content that is greater than 4%as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of theinflorescence.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) contentthat is greater than 1% as measured by GC-FID and calculated based ondry weight of the inflorescence.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a THCV content that is greater than 4%as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of theinflorescence.

In other embodiments, the present invention teaches a cannabis plant,plant part, tissue, or cell comprising: at least one Bo allele, and aterpene oil content greater than 1.5% by weight, wherein the terpeneprofile consists of terpinolene, alpha phelladrene, beta ocimene,careen, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, betapinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, betacaryophyllene, linalool, cary oxide, and myrcene of a plant, and whereinthe terpene oil content is determined by the additive content of theterpenes in the terpene profile, and wherein the cannabinoid and terpenecontents are measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight ofthe inflorescence.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue, or cell ofthe present invention comprises a second B_(o) allele.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue, or cell ofthe present invention comprises a B_(D) allele.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue, or cell ofthe present invention comprises a B_(T) allele.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a Cannabigerol (CBG) content that isgreater than 1% as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weightof the inflorescence.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a CBG content that is greater than 5% asmeasured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of theinflorescence.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a terpene profile in which the first orsecond most abundant terpene in the terpene profile is terpinolene.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a terpene profile in which the first orsecond most abundant terpene in the terpene profile is alphaphelladrene.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a terpene profile in which the first orsecond most abundant terpene in the terpene profile is careen.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a terpene profile in which the first orsecond most abundant terpene in the terpene profile is limonene.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a terpene profile in which the first orsecond most abundant terpene in the terpene profile is gamma terpinene.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a terpene profile in which the first orsecond most abundant terpene in the terpene profile is alpha pinene.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a terpene profile in which the first orsecond most abundant terpene in the terpene profile is alpha terpinene.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a terpene profile in which the first orsecond most abundant terpene in the terpene profile is beta pinene.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a terpene profile in which the first orsecond most abundant terpene in the terpene profile is gamma fenchol.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a terpene profile in which the first orsecond most abundant terpene in the terpene profile is camphene.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a terpene profile in which the first orsecond most abundant terpene in the terpene profile is terpineol.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a terpene profile in which the first orsecond most abundant terpene in the terpene profile is alpha humulene.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a terpene profile in which the first orsecond most abundant terpene in the terpene profile is betacaryophyllene.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a terpene profile in which the first orsecond most abundant terpene in the terpene profile is linalool.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a terpene profile in which the first orsecond most abundant terpene in the terpene profile is cary oxide.

In some embodiments, the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell ofthe present invention comprises a terpene profile in which the first orsecond most abundant terpene in the terpene profile is beta ocimene.

In other embodiments, the present invention teaches a method of breedingcannabis plants with non-myrcene dominant terpene profiles and a B_(D)allele, said method comprising:(i) making a cross between a firstcannabis plant and a second cannabis plant to produce an F1 plant,wherein the first plant comprises: a CBD content that is greater than1.0% by weight, and a terpene profile in which myrcene is not thedominant terpene, wherein the terpene profile consists of terpinolene,alpha phelladrene, beta ocimene, careen, limonene, gamma terpinene,alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alphaterpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, cary oxide, andmyrcene of a plant, and wherein the cannabinoid and terpene content ismeasured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of theinflorescence; (ii) harvesting the resulting seed; (iii) growing saidseed; and (iv) selecting for the desired phenotypes; wherein theresulting selected cannabis plant has a non-myrcene dominant terpeneprofile, and comprises a B_(D) allele.

In some embodiments of the breeding methods of the present invention,the first cannabis plant is chemotype II with B_(T)/B_(D) genotype.

In some embodiments of the breeding methods of the present invention,the first cannabis plant, comprises a THC content that is at least 1.0%by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight ofthe inflorescence.

In some embodiments of the breeding methods of the present invention,the first cannabis plant comprises at least 2% CBC content by weight.

In some embodiments of the breeding methods of the present invention,the first cannabis plant comprises a terpene oil content greater than1.0% by weight wherein the terpene oil content is determined by theadditive content of the terpenes in the terpene profile as measured byGC-FID, and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.

In some embodiments of the breeding methods of the present invention,the first cannabis plant comprises a terpene oil content greater than2.0% by weight wherein the terpene oil content is determined by theadditive content of the terpenes in the terpene profile as measured byGC-FID, and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.

In some embodiments of the breeding methods of the present invention,the first cannabis plant comprises a CBD content that is at least 5% byweight, and the THC content is at least 5% by weight, as measured byGC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.

In other embodiments, the present invention teaches a method of breedingchemotype II cannabis plants with a non myrcene dominant terpeneprofile, said method comprising: (i) making a cross between a firstcannabis plant and a second cannabis plant to produce an F1 plant,wherein the first plant comprises: a B_(T)/B_(D) genotype, and a terpeneprofile in which myrcene is not the dominant terpene, wherein theterpene profile consists of terpinolene, alpha phelladrene, betaocimene, careen, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alphaterpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alphahumulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, cary oxide, and myrcene of aplant, and wherein the cannabinoid and terpene content is measured byGC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence; (ii)harvesting the resulting seed; (iii) growing said seed; and (iv)selecting for the desired phenotypes; wherein the resulting selectedcannabis plant is a chemotype II cannabis plant with a non-myrcenedominant terpene profile.

In other embodiments, the present invention teaches a method of breedingchemotype II cannabis plants with high oil content and low-myrcenecontent, said method comprising: (i) making a cross between a firstcannabis plant and a second cannabis plant to produce an F1 plant,wherein the first plant comprises: a B_(T)/B_(D) genotype, a myrcenerelative content of less than 60% of the terpene profile; and, a terpeneoil content greater than 1.5% by weight, wherein the terpene profileconsists of terpinolene, alpha phelladrene, beta ocimene, careen,limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene,fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene,linalool, cary oxide, and myrcene of a plant, and wherein the terpeneoil content is determined by the additive content of the terpenes in theterpene profile, and wherein the terpene contents are measured by GC-FIDand calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence; (ii) harvestingthe resulting seed; (iii) growing said seed; and (iv) selecting for thedesired phenotypes; wherein the resulting selected cannabis plant is achemotype II cannabis plant with a terpene oil content greater than 1.5%by weight and a myrcene relative content of less than 60%.

In some embodiments of the breeding methods of the present invention,the first cannabis plant comprises a CBD content that is greater than 3%by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight ofthe inflorescence.

In some embodiments of the breeding methods of the present invention,the first cannabis plant comprises a THC content that is greater than 3%by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight ofthe inflorescence.

In other embodiments, the present invention teaches a method of breedingcannabis plants with propyl cannabinoids and high oil content, saidmethod comprising: (i) making a cross between a first cannabis plant anda second cannabis plant to produce an F1 plant, wherein the first plantcomprises: at least one propyl locus A allele (A_(pr)), and a terpeneoil content greater than 1.5% by weight; wherein the terpene profileconsists of terpinolene, alpha phelladrene, beta ocimene, careen,limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene,fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene,linalool, cary oxide, and myrcene of a plant, and wherein the terpeneoil content is determined by the additive content of the terpenes in theterpene profile, and wherein the cannabinoid and terpene contents aremeasured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of theinflorescence; (ii) harvesting the resulting seed; (iii) growing saidseed; and (iv) selecting for the desired phenotypes; wherein theresulting selected cannabis plant has at least one propyl locus A allelecapable of producing at least one propyl cannabinoid, and also has aterpene oil content greater than 1.5% by weight.

In some embodiments of the breeding methods of the present invention,the first cannabis plant comprises at least one null locus B allele.

In some embodiments of the breeding methods of the present invention,the first cannabis plant comprises a B_(T)/B_(D) genotype.

In some embodiments of the breeding methods of the present invention,the first cannabis plant comprises a B_(D)/B_(D) genotype.

In some embodiments of the breeding methods of the present invention,the first cannabis plant, comprises a myrcene relative content of lessthan 60% of the terpene profile.

In some embodiments of the breeding methods of the present invention,the first cannabis plant, comprises a terpene profile in which myrceneis not the dominant terpene.

In some embodiments of the breeding methods of the present invention,the first cannabis plant comprises a CBDV content that is greater than1% as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of theinflorescence.

In some embodiments of the breeding methods of the present invention,the first cannabis plant comprises a CBDV content that is greater than4% as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of theinflorescence.

In some embodiments of the breeding methods of the present invention,the first cannabis plant comprises a THCV content that is greater than1% as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of theinflorescence.

In some embodiments of the breeding methods of the present invention,the first cannabis plant comprises a THCV content that is greater than4% as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of theinflorescence.

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches methods of growingcannabis plants, said method comprising: obtaining a cannabis seed,cutting, or plant cell of any of the specialty cannabis varieties of thepresent invention capable of growing, placing said cannabis seed,cutting, or plant cell in an environment conducive to plant growth, andallowing said cannabis seed, cutting, or plant to produce a cannabisplant, wherein cannabis plant contains the same genetic makeup as thecannabis seed, cutting, or plant cell from which it was grown.

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches a cannabis extractfrom the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue, or cell of the presentinvention.

In some embodiments, the extract of the present invention is selectedfrom the group consisting of kief, hashish, bubble hash, solvent reducedoils, sludges, e-juice, and tinctures.

In some embodiments, the extract of the present invention retains theterpene profile of the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue or cell fromwhich it was made.

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches a cannabis edibleproduct produced from the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue, or cell ofthe present invention.

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches a multiplexedcannabis mixture (MCM), said MCM comprising: (i) at least one cannabisplant base; (ii) one or more stock fortifiers; wherein the mixture istailored for a specific recreational or medicinal purpose based on thepharmacological properties of the cannabinoid and terpene profiles ofthe mixture, and wherein the MCM comprises at least 1.5% terpene oilcontent, wherein the terpene profile consists of terpinolene, alphaphelladrene, beta ocimene, careen, limonene, gamma terpinene, alphapinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alphaterpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, cary oxide, andmyrcene of the mixtures, wherein the terpene oil content is determinedby the additive content of the terpenes in the terpene profile, andwherein the terpene contents are measured by GC-FID and calculated basedon dry weight of the mixture.

In some embodiments, the multiplexed cannabis mixture of the presentinvention comprises at least 0.05% content by weight of at least twoterpenes of said terpene profile.

In some embodiments, the multiplexed cannabis mixture of the presentinvention comprises at least 0.05% content by weight of at least three,four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine terpenes of said terpene profile.

In some embodiments, the multiplexed cannabis mixture of the presentinvention comprises at least 2% content by weight of at least twocannabinoids selected from the group consisting of: THC, CBD, CBG, CBC,THCV, CBDV, and cannabigevarin (CBGV).

In some embodiments, the multiplexed cannabis mixture of the presentinvention comprises at least 2% content by weight of at least three,four, or five cannabinoids selected from the group consisting of: THC,CBD, CBG, CBC, THCV, CBDV, CBGV.

In some embodiments, the multiplexed cannabis mixture of the presentinvention has at least one of the stock fortifier that is a cannabinoidfortifier (CB).

In some embodiments, the multiplexed cannabis mixture of the presentinvention has at least one stock fortifier that is a terpene fortifier(EO).

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches a compressed cannabispellet for smoking or vaporization, wherein the pellet comprises thecannabis plant parts of the present invention.

In some embodiments, the compressed cannabis pellet of the presentinvention comprises a multiplexed mixture of the present invention.

In some embodiments, the compressed cannabis pellet of the presentinvention comprises cannabis extracts of the present invention.

In some embodiments, the compressed cannabis pellet of the presentinvention is in the shape of a truncated cone.

In some embodiments, the compressed cannabis pellet of the presentinvention is a truncated cone, with a height of 2.0 millimeters, asmaller base diameter of 4.0 millimeters, and a larger base diameter of6.0 millimeters.

In some embodiments, the compressed cannabis pellet of the presentinvention is in the shape of a donut.

In some embodiments, the compressed cannabis pellet of the presentinvention is a donut shape with a height of 2.0 millimeters, an innerdonut diameter of 1.5 millimeters, and an outer donut diameter of 6millimeters.

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches a method of treatingBrachial Plexus Avulsion, said method comprising: (i) identifying apatient with Brachial Plexus Avulsion; and (ii) administering aprescribed amount of the cannabis of the present invention to a patient;wherein said patient experiences symptom relief due to said cannabisadministration, with reduced THC side effects, and a pleasingorganoleptic experience.

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches a method of treatingseizures, said method comprising: (i) identifying a patient withSeizures; and (ii) administering a prescribed amount of the cannabis ofthe present invention to a patient; wherein said patient experiencesreduced number of seizures due to said cannabis administration, withreduced THC side effects, and a pleasing organoleptic experience.

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches a method of treatingArthritis, said method comprising: (i) identifying a patient withArthritis; and (ii) administering a prescribed amount of the cannabis ofthe present invention to a patient; wherein said patient experiencesjoint pain relief due to said cannabis administration, with reduced THCside effects and a pleasing organoleptic experience.

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches a method of treatingMotion Sickness, said method comprising: (i) identifying a patient withMotion Sickness; and (ii) administering a prescribed amount of thecannabis of the present invention to a patient; wherein said patientexperiences reduced motion sickness symptoms due to said cannabisadministration, with reduced THC side effects, and a pleasingorganoleptic experience.

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches a method of treatingNeuropathic Pain, said method comprising: (i) identifying a patient withNeuropathic Pain; and (ii) administering a prescribed amount of thecannabis of the present invention to a patient; wherein said patientexperiences reduced pain symptoms due to said cannabis administration,with reduced THC side effects, and a pleasing organoleptic experience.

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches a method of losingweight, said method comprising: administering a prescribed amount of thecannabis of the present invention to a person wishing to lose weight,wherein said patient experiences accelerated weight loss due to saidcannabis administration, with reduced THC side effects, and a pleasingorganoleptic experience.

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches a method of treatingdepression, said method comprising: (i) identifying a patient withdepression; and (ii) administering a prescribed amount of the cannabisof the present invention to a patient; wherein said patient experiencesreduced symptoms due to said cannabis administration, with reduced THCside effects, and a pleasing organoleptic experience.

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches a method of treatingIrritable Bowel Syndrome, said method comprising: (i) identifying apatient with Irritable Bowel Syndrome; and (ii) administering aprescribed amount of the cannabis of the present invention to a patient;wherein said patient experiences reduced symptoms due to said cannabisadministration, with reduced THC side effects, and a pleasingorganoleptic experience.

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches a method of treatingpain from cancer, said method comprising: (i) identifying a cancerpatient experiencing pain; and (ii) administering a prescribed amount ofthe cannabis of the present invention to a patient; wherein said patientexperiences reduced pain symptoms due to said cannabis administration,with reduced THC side effects, and a pleasing organoleptic experience.

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches a method of improvingcholesterol, said method comprising: (i) identifying a patient with hightotal cholesterol, or low HDL cholesterol; and (ii) administering aprescribed amount of the cannabis of the present invention to a patient;wherein said patient experiences a lowering of cholesterol and/orincrease in HDL cholesterol due to said cannabis administration, withreduced THC side effects, and a pleasing organoleptic experience.

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches a method of treatingpsychosis related diseases, said method comprising: (i) identifying apatient with a psychosis related disease; and (ii) administering aprescribed amount of the cannabis of the present invention to a patient;wherein said patient experiences reduced psychosis symptoms due to saidcannabis administration, with reduced THC side effects, and a pleasingorganoleptic experience.

In some embodiments, the methods of treating diseases of the presentinvention utilize administer cannabis extracts or edibles of the presentinvention.

In some embodiments, the methods of treating diseases of the presentinvention administer multiplexed cannabis mixtures of the presentinvention.

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches a bubble packagingfor storing and shipping cannabis comprising: (i) a sealable storagespace to place a cannabis plant part, extract, or MCM of the presentinvention; (ii) a modified atmosphere within said sealable space,wherein said bubble packaging increases the shelf life of said cannabisplant part, extract, or MCM beyond that of a control of cannabis plantpart, extract, or MCM, placed left out, or placed in a traditional jaror bag without the modified atmosphere.

In some embodiments, modified atmosphere of the bubble packaging forstoring and shipping cannabis comprises a vacuum.

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches a method ofvaporizing cannabis and MCMs, said method comprising: placing thecannabis or MCMs of the present invention in a zero-point deliverydevice, turning the zero-point delivery device on, and vaporizing saidcannabis or MCM.

In some embodiments, the cannabinoid contents of the cannabis plants,plant parts, plant cells, or plant cultures of the present invention ismeasured using HPLC.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the cannabinoids aremeasured via HPLC, and the content of cannabinoids includes the acidicand neutral forms of said cannabinoid.

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches a hybrid cannabisplant, or an asexual clone of said hybrid cannabis plant, or a plantpart, tissue, or cell thereof comprising: a B_(T)/B_(D) genotype, aterpene profile in which myrcene is not the dominant terpene, and aterpene oil content greater than about 1.0% by weight; wherein theterpene profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phelladrene, betaocimene, careen, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alphaterpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alphahumulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, cary oxide, and myrcene, andwherein the terpene oil content is determined by the additive content ofthe terpenes in the terpene profile; and wherein the terpene contentsare measured by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID)and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.

In some embodiments, the hybrid cannabis plant, or an asexual clone ofsaid hybrid cannabis plant, or a plant part, tissue, or cell thereof ofthe present invention comprises a terpene oil content greater than about1.5% by weight

In some embodiments, the hybrid cannabis plant, or an asexual clone ofsaid hybrid cannabis plant, or a plant part, tissue, or cell thereof ofthe present invention comprises a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) contentthat is at least 3.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculatedbased on dry weight of the inflorescence.

In some embodiments, the hybrid cannabis plant, or an asexual clone ofsaid hybrid cannabis plant, or a plant part, tissue, or cell thereof ofthe present invention comprises a cannabidiol CBD content that is atleast 3.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dryweight of the inflorescence.

In some embodiments, the hybrid cannabis plant, or an asexual clone ofsaid hybrid cannabis plant, or a plant part, tissue, or cell thereof ofthe present invention comprises a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) contentthat is at least 6.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculatedbased on dry weight of the inflorescence.

In some embodiments, the hybrid cannabis plant, or an asexual clone ofsaid hybrid cannabis plant, or a plant part, tissue, or cell thereof ofthe present invention comprises a cannabidiol CBD content that is atleast 6.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dryweight of the inflorescence.

In some embodiments, the hybrid cannabis plant, or an asexual clone ofsaid hybrid cannabis plant, or a plant part, tissue, or cell thereof ofthe present invention, has a terpene profile in which limonene is themost abundant terpene.

In some embodiments, the hybrid cannabis plant, or an asexual clone ofsaid hybrid cannabis plant, or a plant part, tissue, or cell thereof ofthe present invention, has a terpene profile in which terpinolene is themost abundant terpene.

In some embodiments, the hybrid cannabis plant, or an asexual clone ofsaid hybrid cannabis plant, or a plant part, tissue, or cell thereof ofthe present invention has a terpene profile in which alpha pinene is themost abundant terpene.

In some embodiments, the hybrid cannabis plant, or an asexual clone ofsaid hybrid cannabis plant, or a plant part, tissue, or cell thereof ofthe present invention has a terpene profile in which beta caryophylleneis the most abundant terpene.

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches a method of breedingchemotype II cannabis plants with a non-myrcene dominant terpeneprofile, said method comprising: (i) making a cross between a firsthybrid cannabis plant, or an asexual clone of said hybrid cannabis plantof the present invention and a second cannabis plant to produce an F1seed; (ii) harvesting the resulting seed; (iii) growing said seed; and(iv) selecting a cannabis plant with a desired phenotype; wherein theresulting selected cannabis plant is a chemotype II cannabis plant witha non-myrcene dominant terpene profile.

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches a method of producinga chemotype II cannabis plant with a non-myrcene dominant terpeneprofile, said method comprising: (i) obtaining a cannabis seed, cutting,or plant cell, from a hybrid cannabis plant, or an asexual clone of saidhybrid cannabis plant of the present invention; (ii) placing saidcannabis seed, cutting, or plant cell in an environment conducive togrowth; and (iii) allowing said cannabis seed, cutting, or plant cell toproduce a cannabis plant; wherein said produced cannabis plant is achemotype II cannabis plant with a non-myrcene dominant terpene profile.

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches a cannabis extractfrom the hybrid cannabis plant, or an asexual clone of said hybridcannabis plant, or a plant part, tissue, or cell thereof of the presentinvention.

In some embodiments, the cannabis extract of the present invention isselected from the group consisting of kief, hashish, bubble hash,solvent reduced oils, sludges, e-juice, and tinctures.

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches an edible productcomprising cannabis tissue from the hybrid cannabis plant, or an asexualclone of said hybrid cannabis plant, or a plant part, tissue, or cellthereof of the present invention.

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches an edible productcomprising the cannabis extract of the present invention.

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches plant parts of thehybrid cannabis plant, or an asexual clone of said hybrid cannabisplant, or a plant part, tissue, or cell thereof of the presentinvention, wherein said plant part is selected from the group consistingof: trichomes, sun leaves, or inflorescences.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed incolor. Copies of this patent or patent application publication withcolor drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and paymentof the necessary fee.

FIG. 1 - Bar graph of the relative terpene contents (y-axis) of cannabisblends (x-axis) used for Week 1 volunteer trials. Each sample comparisonpair was blended to produce similar terpene profiles so as to comparethe effects of added CBD.

FIG. 2 - Sample questionnaire used for volunteer trials. Questionnairewas provided to volunteers with each cannabis blend sample to measurethe effects of the sample when smoked.

FIG. 3 - Bar graph of Weeks 1 and 2 trials feedback results combined.Values are presented as ratings for test sample minus control sample.Higher values indicated increased ratings for a category, while lowervalues indicated decreased ratings for a category. CBD containingsamples showed decrease in mind and body high as well as increasedability to function.

FIG. 4 - Bar graph of the relative terpene contents (y-axis) of cannabisblends (x-axis) used for Week 5 volunteer trials. Each sample comparisonpair was blended to produce similar terpene profiles so as to comparethe effects of increased terpene oil contents.

FIG. 5 - Bar graph of Week 5 trial feedback results. Values arepresented as ratings for test sample minus control sample. Higher valuesindicate increased ratings for a category, while lower values indicatedecreased ratings for a category. Samples containing higher oil showedincrease in aroma and flavor and overall positive ratings.

FIG. 6 - Bar graph of the relative terpene contents (y-axis) of cannabisblends (x-axis) used for Week 7 volunteer trials. Each sample wasblended to produce similar cannabinoid profiles so as to compare theeffects of different terpene profiles. Control Sample g representativeof traditional myrcene dominant terpene profiles.

FIG. 7 - Bar graph of Week 7 trial feedback results. Values arepresented as ratings for each test sample minus control sample. Highervalues indicated increased ratings for a category, while lower valuesindicated decreased ratings for a category. Samples labeled A-Fcorrespond to the chemical analysis cannabis blends a-f of FIG. 6 .Samples containing lower relative myrcene contents showed increasedpositive ratings. Diverse and desirable terpene profiles demonstratedimproved scores for recreational and medical uses. Terpinolene dominantterpene profiles showed increased scores for alertness and reducedanxiety. Ocimene terpene profiles showed increased mood scores.

FIG. 8 - Bar graph of the relative terpene contents (y-axis) of cannabisblends (x-axis) used for Week 3 volunteer trials. Each sample comparisonpair was blended to produce similar terpene profiles so as to comparethe effects of added THCV.

FIG. 9 - Bar graph of Weeks 3 and 4 trials feedback results combined.Values are presented as ratings for test sample minus control sample.Higher values indicated increased ratings for a category, while lowervalues indicate decreased ratings for a category. THCV containingsamples showed decrease in mind and body high as well as increasedability to function.

FIG. 10 - Diagram outlining major sections of feedback cultivationsystem. A computing apparatus integrates data from patient managementsystem and plant growth environment management system to producespecialty cannabis tailored for various medicinal or recreationalpurposes.

FIG. 11 - Diagram outlining environmental management system describingdata collection and environmental control.

FIG. 12 - Diagram outlining wireless data system integratingenvironmental data cues from sensors at multiple growth sites. Actuatorsallow for computer responses to adjust environmental conditions.

FIG. 13 - Example diagram of multiplexed cannabis mixtures in which basecannabis flower material is enhanced with cannabinoid and/or terpenefortifiers to create custom cannabis blends for medicinal orrecreational uses.

FIG. 14 - Example diagram of bubble pack dosing. Specialty cannabis,multiplexed cannabis medicines, cannabis extracts, or cannabis pelletscan be packaged into individual doses for consumers in a modified air orvacuum environment to extend shelf life/quality of product.

FIG. 15 - Example diagrams of “truncated cone” pressed pellet shapes.

FIG. 16 - Example diagrams of “donut shape” pressed pellet shapes.

FIG. 17 - Example diagram of a die for the production of cannabispellets.

FIG. 18 - Example diagram of one embodiment of the vaporizer device ofthe present invention. Vaporizer may include dosage selection switchesallowing the user to switch between, or combine various vaporizablesubstrates.

FIG. 19 - Example diagram of one embodiment of the dosage strips of thepresent invention. Each sample is placed with its own heating element soas to be able to switch between, or combine various vaporizingsubstrates.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

All publications, patents and patent applications, including anydrawings and appendices, are herein incorporated by reference to thesame extent as if each individual publication or patent application wasspecifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

The following description includes information that may be useful inunderstanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any ofthe information provided herein is prior art or relevant to thepresently claimed inventions, or that any publication specifically orimplicitly referenced is prior art.

Definitions

As used herein, the verb “comprise” as is used in this description andin the claims and its conjugations are used in its non-limiting sense tomean that items following the word are included, but items notspecifically mentioned are not excluded.

The invention provides cannabis plants. As used herein, the term “plant”refers to plants in the genus of Cannabis and plants derived thereof.Such as cannabis plants produced via asexual reproduction and via seedproduction.

The invention provides plant parts. As used herein, the term “plantpart” refers to any part of a plant including but not limited to theembryo, shoot, root, stem, seed, stipule, leaf, petal, flower bud,flower, ovule, bract, trichome, branch, petiole, internode, bark,pubescence, tiller, rhizome, frond, blade, ovule, pollen, stamen, andthe like. The two main parts of plants grown in some sort of media, suchas soil or vermiculite, are often referred to as the “above-ground”part, also often referred to as the “shoots”, and the “below-ground”part, also often referred to as the “roots”. Plant part may also includecertain extracts such as kief or hash which includes cannabis trichomesor glands.

As used herein, the term dominant refers to a terpene that is the mostabundant in the terpene profile either in absolute content as a % by dryweight, or in relative content as a % of the terpene profile.

The term “a” or “an” refers to one or more of that entity; for example,“a gene” refers to one or more genes or at least one gene. As such, theterms “a” (or “an”), “one or more” and “at least one” are usedinterchangeably herein. In addition, reference to “an element” by theindefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude the possibility thatmore than one of the elements is present, unless the context clearlyrequires that there is one and only one of the elements.

As used herein, a “landrace” refers to a local variety of a domesticatedplant species which has developed largely by natural processes, byadaptation to the natural and cultural environment in which it lives.The development of a landrace may also involve some selection by humansbut it differs from a formal breed which has been selectively breddeliberately to conform to a particular formal, purebred standard oftraits.

The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature defines rank, in thenomenclatural sense, as the level, for nomenclatural purposes, of ataxon in a taxonomic hierarchy (e.g., all families are for nomenclaturalpurposes at the same rank, which lies between superfamily andsubfamily). While somewhat arbitrary, there are seven main ranks definedby the international nomenclature codes: kingdom, phylum/division,class, order, family, genus, and species.

The invention provides plant cultivars. As used herein, the term“cultivar” means a group of similar plants that by structural featuresand performance (i.e., morphological and physiological characteristics)can be identified from other varieties within the same species.Furthermore, the term “cultivar” variously refers to a variety, strainor race of plant that has been produced by horticultural or agronomictechniques and is not normally found in wild populations. The termscultivar, variety, strain and race are often used interchangeably byplant breeders, agronomists and farmers.

The term “variety” as used herein has identical meaning to thecorresponding definition in the International Convention for theProtection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV treaty), of Dec. 2, 1961, asRevised at Geneva on Nov. 10, 1972, on Oct. 23, 1978, and on Mar. 19,1991. Thus, “variety” means a plant grouping within a single botanicaltaxon of the lowest known rank, which grouping, irrespective of whetherthe conditions for the grant of a breeder’s right are fully met, can bei) defined by the expression of the characteristics resulting from agiven genotype or combination of genotypes, ii) distinguished from anyother plant grouping by the expression of at least one of the saidcharacteristics and iii) considered as a unit with regard to itssuitability for being propagated unchanged.

As used herein, the term “inbreeding” refers to the production ofoffspring via the mating between relatives. The plants resulting fromthe inbreeding process are referred to herein as “inbred plants” or“inbreds.”

The term LOQ as used herein refers to the limit of quantitation for GasChromatography (GC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatographymeasurements.

The term secondary metabolites as used herein refers to organiccompounds that are not directly involved in the normal growth,development, or reproduction of an organism. In other words, loss ofsecondary metabolites does not result in immediate death of saidorganism.

The term single allele converted plant as used herein refers to thoseplants which are developed by a plant breeding technique calledbackcrossing wherein essentially all of the desired morphological andphysiological characteristics of an inbred are recovered in addition tothe single allele transferred into the inbred via the backcrossingtechnique.

The invention provides samples. As used herein, the term “sample”includes a sample from a plant, a plant part, a plant cell, or from atransmission vector, or a soil, water or air sample.

The invention provides offspring. As used herein, the term “offspring”refers to any plant resulting as progeny from a vegetative or sexualreproduction from one or more parent plants or descendants thereof. Forinstance an offspring plant may be obtained by cloning or selfing of aparent plant or by crossing two parent plants and include selfings aswell as the F1 or F2 or still further generations. An F1 is afirst-generation offspring produced from parents at least one of whichis used for the first time as donor of a trait, while offspring ofsecond generation (F2) or subsequent generations (F3, F4, etc.) arespecimens produced from selfings of F1’s, F2’s etc. An F1 may thus be(and usually is) a hybrid resulting from a cross between two truebreeding parents (true-breeding is homozygous for a trait), while an F2may be (and usually is) an offspring resulting from self-pollination ofsaid F1 hybrids.

The invention provides methods for crossing a first plant with a secondplant. As used herein, the term “cross”, “crossing”, “cross pollination”or “cross-breeding” refer to the process by which the pollen of oneflower on one plant is applied (artificially or naturally) to the ovule(stigma) of a flower on another plant. Backcrossing is a process inwhich a breeder repeatedly crosses hybrid progeny, for example a firstgeneration hybrid (F1), back to one of the parents of the hybridprogeny. Backcrossing can be used to introduce one or more single locusconversions from one genetic background into another.

The invention provides donor plants and recipient plants. As usedherein, “donor plants” refer to the parents of a variety which containsthe gene or trait of interest which is desired to be introduced into asecond variety (e.g., “recipient plants”).

In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods forobtaining plant genotypes comprising recombinant genes. As used herein,the term “genotype” refers to the genetic makeup of an individual cell,cell culture, tissue, organism (e.g., a plant), or group of organisms.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides homozygotes. As usedherein, the term “homozygote” refers to an individual cell or planthaving the same alleles at one or more loci.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides homozygous plants.As used herein, the term “homozygous” refers to the presence ofidentical alleles at one or more loci in homologous chromosomalsegments.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides hemizygotes. As usedherein, the term “hemizygotes” or “hemizygous” refers to a cell, tissue,organism or plant in which a gene is present only once in a genotype, asa gene in a haploid cell or organism, a sex-linked gene in theheterogametic sex, or a gene in a segment of chromosome in a diploidcell or organism where its partner segment has been deleted.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides heterozygotes. Asused herein, the terms “heterozygote” and “heterozygous” refer to adiploid or polyploid individual cell or plant having different alleles(forms of a given gene) present at least at one locus. In someembodiments, the cell or organism is heterozygous for the gene ofinterest which is under control of the synthetic regulatory element.

The invention provides methods for obtaining plant lines comprisingrecombinant genes. As used herein, the term “line” is used broadly toinclude, but is not limited to, a group of plants vegetativelypropagated from a single parent plant, via tissue culture techniques ora group of inbred plants which are genetically very similar due todescent from a common parent(s). A plant is said to “belong” to aparticular line if it (a) is a primary transformant (T0) plantregenerated from material of that line; (b) has a pedigree comprised ofa T0 plant of that line; or (c) is genetically very similar due tocommon ancestry (e.g., via inbreeding or selfing). In this context, theterm “pedigree” denotes the lineage of a plant, e.g. in terms of thesexual crosses affected such that a gene or a combination of genes, inheterozygous (hemizygous) or homozygous condition, imparts a desiredtrait to the plant.

The invention provides open-pollinated populations. As used herein, theterms “open-pollinated population” or “open-pollinated variety” refer toplants normally capable of at least some cross-fertilization, selectedto a standard, that may show variation but that also have one or moregenotypic or phenotypic characteristics by which the population or thevariety can be differentiated from others. A hybrid, which has nobarriers to cross-pollination, is an open-pollinated population or anopen-pollinated variety.

The invention provides self-pollination populations. As used herein, theterm “self-crossing”, “self pollinated” or “self-pollination” means thepollen of one flower on one plant is applied (artificially or naturally)to the ovule (stigma) of the same or a different flower on the sameplant.

The invention provides ovules and pollens of plants. As used herein whendiscussing plants, the term “ovule” refers to the female gametophyte,whereas the term “pollen” means the male gametophyte.

The invention provides plant tissue. As used herein, the term “planttissue” refers to any part of a plant. Examples of plant organs include,but are not limited to the leaf, stem, root, tuber, seed, branch,pubescence, nodule, leaf axil, flower, pollen, stamen, pistil, petal,peduncle, stalk, stigma, style, bract, fruit, trunk, carpel, sepal,anther, ovule, pedicel, needle, cone, rhizome, stolon, shoot, pericarp,endosperm, placenta, berry, stamen, and leaf sheath.

The invention provides methods for obtaining plants comprisingrecombinant genes through transformation. As used herein, the term“transformation” refers to the transfer of nucleic acid (i.e., anucleotide polymer) into a cell. As used herein, the term “genetictransformation” refers to the transfer and incorporation of DNA,especially recombinant DNA, into a cell.

The invention provides transformants comprising recombinant genes. Asused herein, the term “transformant” refers to a cell, tissue ororganism that has undergone transformation. The original transformant isdesignated as “T0” or “T₀.” Selfing the T0 produces a first transformedgeneration designated as “T1” or “T₁.”

In some embodiments, the present invention provides plant varietiescomprising the recombinant genes. As used herein, the term “variety”refers to a subdivision of a species, consisting of a group ofindividuals within the species that are distinct in form or functionfrom other similar arrays of individuals.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides organisms withrecombinant genes. As used herein, an “organism” refers any life formthat has genetic material comprising nucleic acids including, but notlimited to, prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and viruses. Organisms of thepresent invention include, for example, plants, animals, fungi,bacteria, and viruses, and cells and parts thereof.

In some embodiments, the specialty cannabis varieties of the presentinvention reduce the myrcene “couch lock” effects. As used herein, theterm couch lock is defined as a heavy body high which reduces theability of users to function, and is associated with lethargy and lackof motivation.

In some embodiments, the present invention teaches the use of cannabissludges. As used herein, cannabis sludges are solvent-free cannabisextracts made via multigas extraction including the refrigerant 134A,butane, iso-butane and propane in a ratio that delivers a very completeand balanced extraction of cannabinoids and essential oils.

Cannabis

Cannabis has long been used for drug and industrial purposes. fiber(hemp), for seed and seed oils, for medicinal purposes, and as arecreational drug. Industrial hemp products are made from Cannabisplants selected to produce an abundance of fiber. Some Cannabis strainshave been bred to produce minimal levels of THC, the principalpsychoactive constituent responsible for the psychoactivity associatedwith marijuana. Marijuana has historically consisted of the driedflowers of Cannabis plants selectively bred to produce high levels ofTHC and other psychoactive cannabinoids. Various extracts includinghashish and hash oil are also produced from the plant.

Cannabis is diploid, having a chromosome complement of 2n=20, althoughpolyploid individuals have been artificially produced. The first genomesequence of Cannabis, which is estimated to be 820 Mb in size, waspublished in 2011 by a team of Canadian scientists (Bakel et al, “Thedraft genome and transcriptome of Cannabis sativa” Genome Biology12:R102).

All known strains of Cannabis are wind-pollinated and the fruit is anachene. Most strains of Cannabis are short day plants, with the possibleexception of C. sativa subsp. sativa var. spontanea (= C. ruderalis),which is commonly described as “auto-flowering” and may be day-neutral.

The genus Cannabis was formerly placed in the Nettle (Urticaceae) orMulberry (Moraceae) family, and later, along with the Humulus genus(hops), in a separate family, the Hemp family (Cannabaceae sensustricto). Recent phylogenetic studies based on cpDNA restriction siteanalysis and gene sequencing strongly suggest that the Cannabaceae sensustricto arose from within the former Celtidaceae family, and that thetwo families should be merged to form a single monophyletic family, theCannabaceae sensu lato.

Cannabis plants produce a unique family of terpeno-phenolic compoundscalled cannabinoids. Cannabinoids, terpenoids, and other compounds aresecreted by glandular trichomes that occur most abundantly on the floralcalyxes and bracts of female plants. As a drug it usually comes in theform of dried flower buds (marijuana), resin (hashish), or variousextracts collectively known as hashish oil. There are at least 483identifiable chemical constituents known to exist in the cannabis plant(Rudolf Brenneisen, 2007, Chemistry and Analysis of Phytocannabinoids(cannabinoids produced produced by cannabis) and other CannabisConstituents, In Marijuana and the Cannabinoids, ElSohly, ed.;incorporated herein by reference) and at least 85 different cannabinoidshave been isolated from the plant (El-Alfy, Abir T, et al., 2010,“Antidepressant-like effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and othercannabinoids isolated from Cannabis sativa L ”, PharmacologyBiochemistry and Behavior 95 (4): 434-42; incorporated herein byreference). The two cannabinoids usually produced in greatest abundanceare cannabidiol (CBD) and/or Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). THC ispsychoactive while CBD is not. See, ElSohly, ed. (Marijuana and theCannabinoids, Humana Press Inc., 321 papers, 2007), which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety, for a detaileddescription and literature review on the cannabinoids found inmarijuana.

Cannabinoids are the most studied group of secondary metabolites incannabis. Most exist in two forms, as acids and in neutral(decarboxylated) forms. The acid form is designated by an “A” at the endof its acronym (i.e. THCA). The phytocannabinoids are synthesized in theplant as acid forms, and while some decarboxylation does occur in theplant, it increases significantly post-harvest and the kinetics increaseat high temperatures. (Sanchez and Verpoorte 2008). The biologicallyactive forms for human consumption are the neutral forms.Decarboxylation is usually achieved by thorough drying of the plantmaterial followed by heating it, often by either combustion,vaporization, or heating or baking in an oven. Unless otherwise noted,references to cannabinoids in a plant include both the acidic anddecarboxylated versions (e.g., CBD and CBDA).

The cannabinoids in cannabis plants include, but are not limited to,Δ⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC), Δ⁸-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁸-THC),Cannabichromene (CBC), Cannabicyclol (CBL), Cannabidiol (CBD),Cannabielsoin (CBE), Cannabigerol (CBG), Cannabinidiol (CBND),Cannabinol (CBN), Cannabitriol (CBT), and their propyl homologs,including, but are not limited to cannabidivarin (CBDV),Δ⁹-Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabichromevarin (CBCV), andcannabigerovarin (CBGV). See Holley et al. (Constituents of Cannabissativa L. XI Cannabidiol and cannabichromene in samples of knowngeographical origin, J. Pharm. Sci. 64:892-894, 1975) and De Zeeuw etal. (Cannabinoids with a propyl side chain in Cannabis, Occurrence andchromatographic behavior, Science 175:778-779), each of which is hereinincorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. Non-THCcannabinoids can be collectively referred to as “CBs”, wherein CBs canbe one of THCV, CBDV, CBGV, CBCV, CBD, CBC, CBE, CBG, CBN, CBND, and CBTcannabinoids.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides specialty cannabisplants, which are distinct from the traditional recreational marijuanaplants.

As used herein, ‘specialty cannabis’ refers to cannabis plants, lines,varieties and cultivars having a THC content based on the dry weight ofplant inflorescences less than or equal to 90% (i.e., THC ≤90%) andhaving a CBs content based on the dry weight of plant inflorescencesequal to or greater than 1.0% (e.g., CBD, CBDV, THCV, or CBG of ≥1.0%);or, alternatively, having a THC:CBs ratio of 1:20 or greater andapproaching 1:1 or greater based on the dry weight of plantinflorescences.

As a result of the present invention, select cannabis varieties can beused as a physician-recommended form of medicine or herbal therapywithout causing any side effects, or with reduced general or specificside effects when compared to traditional recreational marijuana plants.Methods for administration of medical cannabis include, but are notlimited, to vapor inhalation, smoking (e.g., dried buds), drinking,eating extracts or food products infused with extracts, and takingcapsules.

Cannabis Chemistry

Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that activatecannabinoid receptors. Cannabinoids produced by plants are calledphytocannabinoids, a.k.a., natural cannabinoids, herbal cannabinoids,and classical cannabinoids. At least 85 different cannabinoids have beenisolated from the cannabis plants (El-Alfy et al., 2010,“Antidepressant-like effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and othercannabinoids isolated from Cannabis sativa L ”, PharmacologyBiochemistry and Behavior 95 (4): 434-42; Brenneisen, supra). Typicalcannabinoids isolated from cannabis plants include, but are not limitedto, Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), Cannabidiol (CBD), CBG (Cannabigerol),CBC (Cannabichromene), CBL (Cannabicyclol), CBV (Cannabivarin), THCV(Tetrahydrocannabivarin), CBDV (Cannabidivarin), CBCV(Cannabichromevarin), CBGV (Cannabigerovarin), and CBGM (CannabigerolMonomethyl Ether). In the Cannabis plant, cannabinoids are synthesizedand accumulated as cannabinoid acids (e.g., cannabidiolic acid (CBDA)).When the herbal product is dried, stored, or heated, the acidsdecarboxylize gradually or completely into neutral forms (e.g., CBDA →CBD).

Known as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), THC is the principalpsychoactive constituent (or cannabinoid) of the cannabis plant. Theinitially synthesized and accumulated form in plant is THC acid (THCA).

THC has mild to moderate analgesic effects, and cannabis can be used totreat pain by altering transmitter release on dorsal root ganglion ofthe spinal cord and in the periaqueductal gray. Other effects includerelaxation, alteration of visual, auditory, and olfactory senses,fatigue, and appetite stimulation. THC has marked antiemetic properties,and may also reduce aggression in certain subjects (Hoaken (2003).“Drugs of abuse and the elicitation of human aggressive behavior”.Addictive Behaviors 28: 1533-1554).

The pharmacological actions of THC result from its partial agonistactivity at the cannabinoid receptor CB₁, located mainly in the centralnervous system, and the CB₂ receptor, mainly expressed in cells of theimmune system (Pertwee, 2006, “The pharmacology of cannabinoid receptorsand their ligands: An overview”. International Journal of Obesity 30:S13-S18.) The psychoactive effects of THC are primarily mediated by itsactivation of CB1G-protein coupled receptors, which result in a decreasein the concentration of the second messenger molecule cAMP throughinhibition of adenylate cyclase (Elphick et al., 2001, “The neurobiologyand evolution of cannabinoid signaling”. Philosophical Transactions ofthe Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 356 (1407): 381-408.) It isalso suggested that THC has an anticholinesterase action which mayimplicate it as a potential treatment for Alzheimer’s and Myasthenia(Eubanks et al., 2006, “A Molecular Link Between the Active Component ofMarijuana and Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology”. Molecular Pharmaceutics 3(6): 773-7.)

In the cannabis plant, THC occurs mainly as tetrahydrocannabinolic acid(THCA, 2-COOH-THC). Geranyl pyrophosphate and olivetolic acid react,catalyzed by an enzyme to produce cannabigerolic acid, which is cyclizedby the enzyme THC acid synthase to give THCA. Over time, or when heated,THCA is decarboxylated producing THC. The pathway for THCA biosynthesisis similar to that which produces the bitter acid humulone in hops. SeeFellermeier et al., (1998, “Prenylation of olivetolate by a hemptransferase yields cannabigerolic acid, the precursor oftetrahydrocannabinol”. FEBS Letters 427 (2): 283-5); de Meijer et al. I,II, III, and IV (I: 2003, Genetics, 163:335-346; II: 2005, Euphytica,145:189-198; III: 2009, Euphytica, 165:293-311; and IV: 2009, Euphytica,168:95-112.)

Non-limiting examples of THC variants include:

CBD is a cannabinoid found in cannabis. Cannabidiol has displayedsedative effects in animal tests (Pickens, 1981, “Sedative activity ofcannabis in relation to its delta′-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol andcannabidiol content”. Br. J. Pharmacol. 72 (4): 649-56). Some research,however, indicates that CBD can increase alertness, and attenuate thememory-impairing effect of THC. (Nicholson et al., June 2004, “Effect ofDelta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on nocturnal sleep andearly-morning behavior in young adults” J Clin Psychopharmacol 24 (3):305-13; Morgan et al., 2010, “Impact of cannabidiol on the acute memoryand psychotomimetic effects of smoked cannabis: naturalistic study, TheBritish Journal of Psychiatry, 197:258-290). It may decrease the rate ofTHC clearance from the body, perhaps by interfering with the metabolismof THC in the liver. Medically, it has been shown to relieve convulsion,inflammation, anxiety, and nausea, as well as inhibit cancer cell growth(Mechoulam, et al., 2007, “Cannabidiol - recent advances”. Chemistry &Biodiversity 4 (8): 1678-1692.) Recent studies have shown cannabidiol tobe as effective as atypical antipsychotics in treating schizophrenia(Zuardi et al., 2006, “Cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent, as anantipsychotic drug” Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 39 (4): 421-429.). Studieshave also shown that it may relieve symptoms of dystonia (Consroe, 1986,“Open label evaluation of cannabidiol in dystonic movement disorders”.The International journal of neuroscience 30 (4): 277-282). CBD reducesgrowth of aggressive human breast cancer cells in vitro and reducestheir invasiveness (McAllister et al., 2007, “Cannabidiol as a novelinhibitor of Id-1 gene expression in aggressive breast cancer cells”.Mol. Cancer Ther. 6 (11): 2921-7.)

Cannabidiol has shown to decrease activity of the limbic system (deSouza Crippa et al., “Effects of Cannabidiol (CBD) on Regional CerebralBlood Flow”. Neuropsychopharmacology 29 (2): 417-426.) and to decreasesocial isolation induced by THC (Malon et al., “Cannabidiol reverses thereduction in social interaction produced by low doseΔ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in rats”. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior93 (2): 91-96.) It’s also shown that Cannabidiol reduces anxiety insocial anxiety disorder (Bergamaschi et al., 2003, “Cannabidiol Reducesthe Anxiety Induced by Simulated Public Speaking in Treatment-NaiveSocial Phobia Patients”. Neuropsychopharmacology 36 (6): 1219-1226).Cannabidiol has also been shown as being effective in treating an oftendrug-induced set of neurological movement disorders known as dystonia(Snider et al., 1985, “Beneficial and Adverse Effects of Cannabidiol ina Parkinson Patient with Sinemet-Induced Dystonic Dyskinesia”.Neurology, (Suppl 1): 201.) Morgan et al. reported that strains ofcannabis which contained higher concentrations of Cannabidiol did notproduce short-term memory impairment vs. strains which contained similarconcentrations of THC (2010, “Impact of cannabidiol on the acute memoryand psychotomimetic effects of smoked cannabis: naturalistic study:naturalistic study [corrected.”]. British Journal of Psychiatry 197 (4):285-90.)

Cannabidiol acts as an indirect antagonist of cannabinoid agonists. CBDis an antagonist at the putative new cannabinoid receptor, GPR55.Cannabidiol has also been shown to act as a 5-HT1A receptor agonist, anaction which is involved in its antidepressant, anxiolytic, andneuroprotective effects. Cannabidiol is also an allosteric modulator atthe Mu and Delta opioid receptor sites.

Cannabis produces CBD-carboxylic acid through the same metabolic pathwayas THC, until the last step, where CBDA synthase performs catalysisinstead of THCA synthase. See Marks et al. (2009, “Identification ofcandidate genes affecting Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol biosynthesis inCannabis sativa”. Journal of Experimental Botany 60 (13): 3715-3726.)and Meijer et al. I, II, III, and IV. Non-limiting examples of CBDvariants include:

CBG is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in the Cannabis genus ofplants. Cannabigerol is found in higher concentrations in hemp ratherthan in varieties of Cannabis cultivated for high THC content and theircorresponding psychoactive properties. Cannabigerol has been found toact as a high affinity α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, moderate affinity5-HT1A receptor antagonist, and low affinity CB₁ receptor antagonist. Italso binds to the CB₂ receptor. Cannabigerol has been shown to relieveintraocular pressure, which may be of benefit in the treatment ofglaucoma (Craig et al. 1984, “Intraocular pressure, ocular toxicity andneurotoxicity after administration of cannabinol or cannabigerol”Experimental eye research 39 (3):251-259). Cannabigerol has also beenshown to reduce depression in animal models (U.S. Pat. Application11/760,364). Non-limiting examples of CBG variants include:

CBN is a psychoactive substance cannabinoid found in Cannabis sativa andCannabis indica/afghanica. It is also a metabolite oftetrahydrocannabinol (THC). CBN acts as a weak agonist of the CB1 andCB2 receptors, with lower affinity in comparison to THC. Non-limitingexamples of CBN variants include

CBC bears structural similarity to the other natural cannabinoids,including tetrahydrocannabinol, tetrahydrocannabivarin, cannabidiol, andcannabinol, among others. Evidence has suggested that it may play a rolein the anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects of cannabis, and maycontribute to the overall analgesic effects of cannabis. Non-limitingexamples of CBC variants include:

Cannabivarin, also known as cannabivarol or CBV, is a non-psychoactivecannabinoid found in minor amounts in the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. Itis an analog of cannabinol (CBN) with the side chain shortened by twomethylene bridges (—CH2—). CBV is an oxidation product oftetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV, THV).

CBDV is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in Cannabis. It is ahomolog of cannabidiol (CBD), with the side-chain shortened by twomethylene bridges (CH2 units). Cannabidivarin has been found reduce thenumber and severity of seizures in animal models (U.S. Pat. Application13/075,873). Plants with relatively high levels of CBDV have beenreported in feral populations of C. indica (= C. sativa ssp. indica var.kafiristanica) from northwest India, and in hashish from Nepal.

THCV, or THV is a homologue of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) having apropyl (3-carbon) side chain. This terpeno-phenolic compound is foundnaturally in Cannabis, sometimes in significant amounts. Plants withelevated levels of propyl cannabinoids (including THCV) have been foundin populations of Cannabis sativa L. ssp. indica (= Cannabis indicaLam.) from China, India, Nepal, Thailand, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, aswell as southern and western Africa. THCV has been shown to be a CB1receptor antagonist, i.e. it blocks the effects of THC.Tetrahydrocannabinol has been shown to increase metabolism, help weightloss and lower cholesterol in animal models (U.S. Pat. Application11/667,860)

Cannabicyclol (CBL) is a non-psychotomimetic cannabinoid found in theCannabis species. CBL is a degradative product like cannabinol. Lightconverts cannabichromene to CBL. Non-limiting examples of CBL variantsinclude:

Non-limiting examples of CBT variants include:

Non-limiting examples of CBE variants include:

Biosynthetic pathway of cannabinoids has been studied. See Meijer et al.I, II, III, and IV (I: 2003, Genetics, 163:335-346; II: 2005, Euphytica,145:189-198; III: 2009, Euphytica, 165:293-311; and IV: 2009, Euphytica,168:95-112), each of which is herein incorporated by reference in itsentirety for all purposes. According to the current model, phenolicprecursors such as geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP) and polyketide,olivetolic acid (OA) are condensed by geranyl pyrophosphate olivetolategeranyltransferase (GOT) to form Cannabigerol acid (CBGA).Alternatively, GPP and divarine acid are condensed by GOT to formCannabigerovarinic acid (CBGVA). CBGA or CBGAV is transformed to (1) CBCby CBC synthase or CBCV by CBCV synthase; (2) THC by THC synthase orTHCV by THCV synthase; or (3) CBD by CBD synthase or CBDV by CBDVsynthase. The genes coding for THC synthase and CBD synthase are foundon the same B locus. Thus cannabis plants can be categorized intoTHC-CBD chemotypes based on the state of the B locus B_(T)/B_(T) (THCproducing, chemotype I), B_(D)/B_(D) (CBD producing, chemotype III), andB_(T)/B_(D) (producing both THC and CBD, chemotype II). Additionalinformation on the genetic regulation of cannabinoids can be found inMeijer et al. I, II, III, and IV (I: 2003, Genetics, 163:335-346; II:2005, Euphytica, 145:189-198; III: 2009, Euphytica, 165:293-311; and IV:2009, Euphytica, 168:95-112).

More details of cannabinoids synthesis and the properties and uses ofthese cannabinoids are described in Russo (2011, Taming THC: potentialcannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects,British Journal of Pharmacology, 163:1344-1364), Russo et al. (2006, Atale of two cannabinoids: the therapeutic rationale for combiningtetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, Medical Hypothesis, 2006,66:234-246), Celia et al. (Impact of cannabidiol on the acute memory andpsychotomimetic effects of smoked cannabis: naturalistic study, TheBritish Journal of Psychiatry, 201, 197:285-290), de Mello Schier etal., (Cannabidiol, a cannabis sativa constituent, as an anxiolytic drug,Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr, 2012, 34(S1):5104-5117), and Zhornitsky et al.Cannabidiol in Humans - the Quest for Therapeutic Targets,Pharmaceuticals, 2012, 5:529-552), each of which is herein incorporatedby reference in its entirety for all purposes. Please see Table 1 for anon-limiting list of medical uses for cannabinoids.

TABLE 1 Non-limiting list of medical uses for cannabinoids MEDICAL USESCANNABINOID REFERENCES 1 Distonia, Akathisia (Anti convulsant) CBD (a)Consroe, 1986, The International journal of neuroscience 30 (4): 277-282(b) Snider et al., 1985, Neurology, (Suppl 1): 201. 2 Glaucoma (lowersintraocular pressure) CBD CBG (a) Colasanti et al, Exp. Eye Res.30:251-259, 1984 (b) Gen. Pharmac. 15:479-484, 1984 (c) Craig et al.1984, Experimental eye research 39 (3):251-259 3 Ischemic disease(Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Down Syndrome, HIV, Dementia) CBD (a) U.S.Pat. 6,630,507 (b) Snider et al., 1985, “Beneficial and Adverse Effectsof Cannabidiol in a Parkinson Patient with Sinemet-Induced DystonicDyskinesia”. Neurology, (Suppl 1): 201. 4 Good for patients treated withoxidant-inducing agents for chemotherapy, radiation. CBD (a) U.S. Pat.6,630,507 5 Motion Sickness (Anti-emetic) CBD (a) U.S. Pat. 8,034,843 GWPharma experiments on Shrews (b) Mechoulam, et al., 2007, Chemistry &Biodiversity 4 (8): 1678-1692. MEDICAL USES CANNABINOID REFERENCES 6Pain- Brachial plexus avulsion THC THC:CBD (a) US 20060135599 GW Pharma7 Pain and inflammation-Arthritis CBD: THC (a) US20080139667 (b)Mechoulam, et al., 2007, Chemistry & Biodiversity 4 (8): 1678-1692. 8Anti Cancer- cell movement CBD: THC CBD (a) US20080262099 (b) Mechoulam,et al., 2007, Chemistry & Biodiversity 4 (8): 1678-1692. (c) McAllisteret al., 2007, Mol. Cancer Ther. 6 (11): 2921-7. 9 Anti Convulsant(against seizures) CBDV CBD (a) US20120004251 (b) US20120165402 (d)Mechoulam, et al., 2007, Chemistry & Biodiversity 4 (8): 1678-1692. (a)Carlini et al., J. Clin. Pharmacol. 21:417S-427S, 1981 (b) Karler etal., J. Clin.Pharmacol. 21:437S-448S, 1981 (c) Consroe et al., J. ClinPharmacol. 21:428S-436S, 1981 10 Neurological Pain (MS related) THC: CBD(a) US20100035978 11 Weight loss THCV (b) US20090306221 (c)US20080119544 12 Anti-Depressant CBG (a) US20080031977 (b) US 60/813,814MEDICAL USES CANNABINOID REFERENCES 13 Irritable Bowel Syndrome (Crohns)THC:CBD (c) EP 1361864 (d) EP 1542657 (e) US20100286098 14 Type IIdiabetes THCV:CBD (a) US20110082195 (b) 15 Anti-Psychotic THCV:CBD (c)US20110038958 (d) Zuardi et al., 2006, Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 39 (4):421-429. 16 Cancer Pain THC:CBD (e) US20110230549 17 Anxiety ReductionCBD (a) Mechoulam, et al., 2007, Chemistry & Biodiversity 4 (8):1678-1692. (b) Bergamaschi et al., 2003, Neuropsychopharmacology 36 (6):1219-1226

Terpenes and Terpenoids in Cannabis Plants

Terpenes are a large and diverse class of organic compounds, produced bya variety of plants. They are often strong smelling and thus may havehad a protective function. Terpenes are derived biosynthetically fromunits of isoprene, which has the molecular formula C₅H₈. The basicmolecular formulae of terpenes are multiples of that, (C₅H₈)_(n) where nis the number of linked isoprene units. The isoprene units may be linkedtogether “head to tail” to form linear chains or they may be arranged toform rings. Non-limiting examples of terpenes include Hemiterpenes,Monoterpenes, Sesquiterpenes, Diterpenes, Sesterterpenes, Triterpenes,Sesquarterpenes, Tetraterpenes, Polyterpenes, and Norisoprenoids.

Terpenoids, a.k.a. isoprenoids, are a large and diverse class ofnaturally occurring organic chemicals similar to terpenes, derived fromfive-carbon isoprene units assembled and modified in thousands of ways.Most are multicyclic structures that differ from one another not only infunctional groups but also in their basic carbon skeletons. Plantterpenoids are used extensively for their aromatic qualities. They playa role in traditional herbal remedies and are under investigation forantibacterial, antineoplastic, and other pharmaceutical functions. Theterpene Linalool for example, has been found to have anti-convulsantproperties (Elisabetsky et al., Phytomedicine, May 6(2):107-13 1999).Well-known terpenoids include citral, menthol, camphor, salvinorin A inthe plant Salvia divinorum, and the cannabinoids found in Cannabis.Non-limiting examples of terpenoids include, Hemiterpenoids, 1 isopreneunit (5 carbons); Monoterpenoids, 2 isoprene units (10 C);Sesquiterpenoids, 3 isoprene units (15 C); Diterpenoids, 4 isopreneunits (20 C) (e.g. ginkgolides); Sesterterpenoids, 5 isoprene units (25C); Triterpenoids, 6 isoprene units (30 C) (e.g. sterols);Tetraterpenoids, 8 isoprene units (40 C) (e.g. carotenoids); andPolyterpenoid with a larger number of isoprene units.

Terpenoids are mainly synthesized in two metabolic pathways: mevalonicacid pathway (a.k.a. HMG-CoA reductase pathway, which takes place in thecytosol) and MEP/DOXP pathway (a.k.a. The 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol4-phosphate/1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate pathway, non-mevalonatepathway, or mevalonic acid-independent pathway, which takes place inplastids). Geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP), which is used by cannabis plantsto produce cannabinoids, is formed by condensation of dimethylallylpyrophosphate (DMAPP) and isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) via thecatalysis of GPP synthase. Alternatively, DMAPP and IPP are ligated byFPP synthase to produce farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), which can be usedto produce sesquiterpenoids. Geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP) can also beconverted into monoterpenoids by limonene synthase.

In addition to cannabinoids, cannabis also produces over 120 differentterpenes (Russo 2011, Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy andphytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects, British Journal ofPharmacology, 163:1344-1364). Within the context and verbiage of thisdocument the terms ‘terpenoid’ and ‘terpene’ are used interchangeably.Cannabinoids are odorless, so terpenoids are responsible for the uniqueodor of cannabis, and each variety has a slightly different profile thatcan potentially be used as a tool for identification of differentvarieties or geographical origins of samples (Hillig 2004. “Achemotaxonomic analysis of terpenoid variation in Cannabis” BiochemSystem and Ecology 875-891). It also provides a unique and complexorganoleptic profile for each variety that is appreciated by both noviceusers and connoisseurs. In addition to many circulatory and musculareffects, some terpenes interact with neurological receptors. A fewterpenes produced by cannabis plants also bind weakly to Cannabinoidreceptors. Some terpenes can alter the permeability of cell membranesand allow in either more or less THC, while other terpenes can affectserotonin and dopamine chemistry as neurotransmitters. Terpenoids arelipophilic, and can interact with lipid membranes, ion channels, avariety of different receptors (including both G-protein coupled odorantand neurotransmitter receptors), and enzymes. Some are capable ofabsorption through human skin and passing the blood brain barrier.

Generally speaking, terpenes are considered to be pharmacologicallyrelevant when present in concentrations of at least 0.05% in plantmaterial (Hazekamp and Fischedick 2010. “Metabolic fingerprinting ofCannabis sativaL., cannabinoids and terpenoids for chemotaxonomic anddrug standardization purposes” Phytochemistry 2058-73; Russo 2011,Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoidentourage effects, British Journal of Pharmacology, 163:1344-1364).Thus, although there are an estimated 120 different terpenes, only a feware produced at high enough levels to be detectable, and fewer stillwhich are able to reach pharmacologically relevant levels.

For the purposes of this application, cannabis terpene profile will bedefined as the absolute and relative values of 17 of the most expressedterpenes: terpinolene, alpha phelladrene, beta ocimene, carene,limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene,fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene,linalool, cary oxide, and myrcene. A survey of the terpene profiles ofseveral cannabis varieties has found that these terpenes express at highenough levels so as to have their own pharmacological effects and alsoto act in synergy with cannabinoids. Both experts and consumers believethat there are biochemical and phenomenological differences betweendifferent varieties of cannabis, which are attributed to their uniquerelative cannabinoid and terpenoid ratios. This is known as theentourage effect and is generally considered to result in plantsproviding advantages over only using the natural products that areisolated from them (Russo 2011, Taming THC: potential cannabis synergyand phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects, British Journal ofPharmacology, 163:1344-1364).

These advantages include synergy with THC, the primary activeingredient, and also mitigation of side effects from THC (McPartland andRusso 2001 “Cannabis and Cannabis Extracts: Greater Than the Sum ofTheir Parts?” Hayworth Press). Terpenoids can be extracted from theplant material by steam distillation (giving you essential oil) orvaporization, however the yield varies greatly by plant tissue, type ofextraction, age of material, and other variables (McPartland and Russo2001 “Cannabis and Cannabis Extracts: Greater Than the Sum of TheirParts?” Hayworth Press). Typically the yield of terpenoids in cannabisis less than 1% by weight on analysis; however it is thought that theymay comprise up to 10% of the trichome content. Monoterpenoids areespecially volatile, thus decreasing their yield relative tosesquiterpenoids (Russo 2011, Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy andphytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects, British Journal ofPharmacology, 163:1344-1364).

D-Limonene is a monoterpenoid that is widely distributed in nature andoften associated with citrus. It has strong anxiolytic properties inboth mice and humans, apparently increasing serotonin and dopamine inmouse brain. D-limonene has potent anti-depressant activity wheninhaled. It is also under investigation for a variety of differentcancer treatments, with some focus on its hepatic metabolite, perillicacid. There is evidence for activity in the treatment of dermatophytesand gastro-oesophageal reflux, as well as having general radicalscavenging properties (Russo 2011, Taming THC: potential cannabissynergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects, BritishJournal of Pharmacology, 163:1344-1364).

β-Myrcene is a monoterpenoid also found in cannabis, and has a varietyof pharmacological effects. It is often associated with a sweet fruitlike taste. It reduces inflammation, aids sleep, and blocks hepaticcarcinogenesis, as well as acting as an analgesic and muscle relaxant inmice. When β-myrcene is combined with Δ9-THC it could intensify thesedative effects of Δ9-THC, causing the well-known “couch-lock” effectthat some cannabis users experience (Russo 2011, Taming THC: potentialcannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects,British Journal of Pharmacology, 163:1344-1364).

D-Linalool is a monoterpenoid with very well-known anxiolytic effects.It is often associated with lavender, and frequented used inaromatherapy for its sedative impact. It acts as a local anaesthetic andhelps to prevent scarring from burns, is anti-nociceptive in mice, andshows antiglutamatergic and anticonvulsant activity. Its effects onglutamate and GABA neurotransmitter systems are credited with giving itits sedative, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant activities (Russo 2011,Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoidentourage effects, British Journal of Pharmacology, 163:1344-1364).

α-Pinene is a monoterpene common in nature, also with a plethora ofeffects on mammals and humans. It acts as an acetylcholinesteraseinhibitor which aids memory and counteracts the short-term memory lossassociated with Δ₉-THC intoxication, is an effective antibiotic agent,and shows some activity against MRSA. In addition, α-pinene is abronchodilator in humans and has anti-inflammatory properties via theprostaglandin E-1 pathway (Russo 2011, Taming THC: potential cannabissynergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects, BritishJournal of Pharmacology, 163:1344-1364).

β-Caryophyllene is often the most predominant sesquiterpenoid incannabis. It is less volatile than the monoterpenoids, thus it is foundin higher concentrations in material that has been processed by heat toaid in decarboxylation. It is very interesting in that it is a selectivefull agonist at the CB₂ receptor, which makes it the onlyphytocannabinoid found outside the cannabis genus. In addition, it hasanti-inflammatory and gastric cytoprotective properties, and may evenhave anti-malarial activity.

Caryophyllene oxide is another sesquiterpenoid found in cannabis, whichhas antifungal and anti-platelet aggregation properties. As an aside, itis also the molecule that drug-sniffing dogs are trained to find (Russo2011, Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy andphytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects, British Journal ofPharmacology, 163:1344-1364).

Nerolidol is a sesquiterpene that is often found in citrus peels thatexhibits a range of interesting properties. It acts as a sedative,inhibits fungal growth, and has potent anti-malarial and antileishmanialactivity. It also alleviated colon adenomas in rats (Russo 2011, TamingTHC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourageeffects, British Journal of Pharmacology, 163:1344-1364). Phytol is aditerpene often found in cannabis extracts. It is a degradation productof chlorophyll and tocopherol. It increases GABA expression andtherefore could be responsible the relaxing effects of green tea andwild lettuce. It also prevents vitamin-A induced teratogenesis byblocking the conversion of retinol to its dangerous metabolite,all-trans-retinoic acid (Russo 2011, Taming THC: potential cannabissynergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects, BritishJournal of Pharmacology, 163:1344-1364).

Some of the most commonly found terpenoids in cannabis are summarized inTable 2, with their individual organoleptic properties as well as theirbasic pharmacology.

TABLE 2 A non-limiting list of the medical effects of some of the mostcommon terpenes found in cannabis Terpenoid Odor Description FlavorDescription Suggested Pharmacology ^(a)-pinene Herbal, piney Woody,piney, camphoraceous Anti-inflammatory, bronchodilator, stimulantcamphene Woody, piney Camphoraceous, cooling, minty Reduces plasmacholesterol and triglycerides, Antioxidant and free radical scavenger^(b)-pinene Herbal, cooling, piney Fresh, piney, woody Strongantimicrobial myrcene Spicy, herbaceous Woody, vegetative, citrusAnti-inflammatory, sedative, antibiotic, analgesic ^(a)-phellandreneTerpenic, citrus Terpenic, citrus, lime Antinociceptive carene Citrus,sweet None given CNS depressant, anti-inflamatory ^(a)-terpinene Woody,citrus, medicinal Terpenic, woody, piney Antioxidant limonene Citrus,fresh Sweet, orange, citrus Anxiolytic, antidepressant, immunostimulant^(b)-ocimene Floral, green Green, tropical, woody Possibleanti-bacterial ^(g)-terpinene Terpenic, woody Terpenic, citrus,lime-like Antioxidant terpinolene Herbal, woody Sweet, fresh, piney,citrus Comforting, calming, anti-oxidant, antifungal linalool Floral,citrus Citrus, orange, lemon, floral Sedative, anxiolytic,immunostimulant fenchol Camphor, piney Fresh, piney Possible stimulant^(a)-terpineol Floral, piney None given Sedative, AChE inhibitor,antioxidant ^(b)-caryophyllene Spicy, woody Spicy, clove, rosemarySelective agonist of CB2 receptor, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial^(a)-humulene Woody None given Anti-inflammatory caryophyllene oxideWoody, sweet None given Antifungal, stimulant

Cannabis Plants

Cannabis is an annual, dioecious, flowering herb. The leaves arepalmately compound or digitate, with serrate leaflets. Cannabis normallyhas imperfect flowers, with staminate “male” and pistillate “female”flowers occurring on separate plants. It is not unusual, however, forindividual plants to separately bear both male and female flowers (i.e.,have monoecious plants). Although monoecious plants are often referredto as “hermaphrodites,” true hermaphrodites (which are less common incannabis) bear staminate and pistillate structures on individualflowers, whereas monoecious plants bear male and female flowers atdifferent locations on the same plant.

The life cycle of cannabis varies with each variety but can be generallysummarized into germination, vegetative growth, and reproductive stages.Because of heavy breeding and selection by humans, most cannabis seedshave lost dormancy mechanisms and do not require any pre-treatments orwinterization to induce germination (See Clarke, RC et al. “Cannabis:Evolution and Ethnobotany” University of California Press 2013). Seedsplaced in viable growth conditions are expected to germinate in about 3to 7 days. The first true leaves of a cannabis plant contain a singleleaflet, with subsequent leaves developing in opposite formation, withincreasing number of leafletts. Leaflets can be narrow or broaddepending on the morphology of the plant grown. Cannabis plants arenormally allowed to grow vegetatively for the first 4 to 8 weeks. Duringthis period, the plant responds to increasing light with faster andfaster growth. Under ideal conditions, cannabis plants can grow up to2.5 inches a day, and are capable of reaching heights of up to 20 feet.Indoor growth pruning techniques tend to limit cannabis size throughcareful pruning of apical or side shoots.

Although, some cannabis varieties will flower without the need forexternal stimuli, most varieties have an absolute requirement forinductive photoperiods in the form of short days or long nights toinduce fertile flowering. The first sign of flowering in cannabis is theappearance of undifferentiated flower primordial along the main stem ofthe nodes. At this stage, the sex of the plants are still notdistinguishable. As the flower primordia continue to develop, female(pistillate), and male (staminate) flowers can be distinguished.

For most cannabinoid producing purposes, only female plants are desired.The presence of male flowers is considered undesirable as pollination isknown to reduce the cannabinoid yield, and potentially ruin a crop. Forthis reason, most cannabis is grown “sinsemilla” through vegetative(i.e., asexual) propagation. In this way, only female plants areproduced and no space is wasted on male plants.

In breeding new varieties of cannabis, there are many phenotypic andmorphological characteristics one must consider. For example, plantsshould produce high amounts of cannabinoids. Cannabinoid levels can bemeasured via chemical analysis of mature plants, but can also beestimated in the field by the number and size of the trichomes producedby a plant’s flower clusters. Plants with dense trichome patterns aresaid to be “frosty”, and selected for further breeding. The types ofcannabinoids can also be determined in the field via thin layerchromatography (TLC) analysis (see “Cannabis Inflorescence & Leaf QC”from The American Herbal Pharmacopeia 2013). The absolute cannabinoidand terpene contents are calculated based on weight of cannabinoid orterpene present in a sample divided by the dried weight of the driedtrimmed inflorescence. Dried inflorescences are harvested inflorescencetissue dried to ~ 10% moisture level. The terp trimmed inflorescence asused herein refers to inflorescences with sun leaves cut off such thatonly the calyx and reproductive buds remain. Frosty leaves are left onthe inflorescence. Trimming can be performed manually, through carefulmanicuring of harvested tissue, or via automated mechanical methods.

Another important aspect of cannabis breeding is the terpene profile ofa plant. In some embodiments, the present invention teaches thepreference for cannabis plant material with diverse terpene profileswhich are not dominated by myrcene. In other embodiments, the presentinvention teaches cannabis plants with high terpene essential oilcontents. For the purposes of this application, a cannabis plant’sterpene profile is defined in absolute or relative contents of 17 keyterpenes including: terpinolene, alpha phelladrene, beta ocimene,carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, betapinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, betacaryophyllene, linalool, cary oxide, and myrcene. A myrcene dominantterpene is used to refer to terpene profiles in which myrcene is themost abundant terpene in the terpene profile (i.e., myrcene relative orabsolute content is > content of any single one of the 16 other terpenesin the terpene profile). Terpene essential oil contents are measured byadding the absolute contents by weight of the 17 terpenes from theterpene profile as defined above. The absolute terpene content ismeasured as w/w % value based on dry inflorescences. The presentinvention is based in part on the discovery that consumers preferspecialty cannabis varieties with diverse terpene profiles not dominatedby myrcene and with high terpene essential oil contents.

In some embodiments, the specialty cannabis of the present invention hasgreater than 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%,1.2%, 1.4%, 1.6%, 1.8%, 2%, 2.2%, 2.4%, 2.6%, 2.8%, 3%, 3.2%, 3.4%,3.6%, 3.8%, 4%, 4.2%, 4.3%, 4.4%, 4.6%, 4.8%, 5%, 5.2%, 5.4%, 5.6%,5.8%, 6%, 6.2%, 6.4%, 6.6%, 6.8%, 7%, 7.2%, 7.4%, 7.6%, 7.8%, or 8%terpene essential oil content by dry weight. Thus in some embodimentsthe essential oil content of the specialty cannabis varieties of thepresent invention is between about 0.5% and about 8% by dry weight. Inother embodiments the essential oil contents of the specialty cannabisvarieties of the present invention is between about 1.5% and about 5% bydry weight.

In some embodiments, the specialty cannabis of the present invention hasan absolute content of any one of the 17 terpenes in the terpene profilethat is 0%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.06%, 0.08%, 0.1%, 0.12%, 0.14%,0.16%, 0.18%, 0.2%, 0.22%, 0.24%, 0.26%, 0.28%, 0.3%, 0.32%, 0.34%,0.36%, 0.38%, 0.4%, 0.42%, 0.44%, 0.46%, 0.48%, 0.5%, 0.52%, 0.54%,0.56%, 0.58%, 0.6%, 0.62%, 0.64%, 0.66%, 0.68%, 0.7%, 0.72%, 0.74%,0.76%, 0.78%, 0.8%, 0.82%, 0.84%, 0.86%, 0.88%, 0.9%, 0.92%, 0.94%,0.96%, 0.98%, 1%, 1.02%, 1.04%, 1.06%, 1.08%, 1.10%, 1.12%, 1.14%,1.16%, 1.18%,1.2%, 1.22%, 1.24%, 1.26%, 1.28%, 1.3%, 1.32%, 1.34%,1.36%, 1.38%, 1.4%, 1.42%, 1.44%, 1.46%, 1.48%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7% 1.8%,1.9%, 2%, 2.2%, 2.4%, 2.6%, 2.8%, 3%, 3.2%, 3.4%, 3.6%, 3.8%, 4%, 4.2%,4.3%, 4.4%, 4.6%, 4.8%, 5%, 5.2%, 5.4%, 5.6%, 5.8%, 6%, 6.2%, 6.4%,6.6%, 6.8%, 7%, 7.2%, 7.4%, 7.6%, 7.8%, 8%, or greater based on dryweight of inflorescence. Thus in some embodiments the absolute contentof any one of the terpenes is between about 0.05% and about 0.85%.

In some embodiments, the specialty cannabis of the present invention hasa myrcene absolute content of less than 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.06%, 0.08%,0.1%, 0.12%, 0.14%, 0.16%, 0.18%, 0.2%, 0.22%, 0.24%, 0.26%, 0.28%,0.3%, 0.32%, 0.34%, 0.36%, 0.38%, 0.4%, 0.42%, 0.44%, 0.46%, 0.48%,0.5%, 0.52%, 0.54%, 0.56%, 0.58%, 0.6%, 0.62%, 0.64%, 0.66%, 0.68%,0.7%, 0.72%, 0.74%, 0.76%, 0.78%, 0.8%, 0.82%, 0.84%, 0.86%, 0.88%,0.9%, 0.92%, 0.94%, 0.96%, 0.98%, 1%, 1.02%, 1.04%, 1.06%, 1.08%, 1.10%,1.12%, 1.14%, 1.16%, 1.18%,1.2%, 1.22%, 1.24%, 1.26%, 1.28%, 1.3%,1.32%, 1.34%, 1.36%, 1.38%, 1.4%, 1.42%, 1.44%, 1.46%, 1.48%, 1.5%,1.6%, 1.7% 1.8%, 1.9%, 2%, 2.2%, 2.4%, 2.6%, 2.8%, 3%, 3.2%, 3.4%, 3.6%,3.8%, 4%, 4.2%, 4.3%, 4.4%, 4.6%, 4.8%, 5%, 5.2%, 5.4%, 5.6%, 5.8%, 6%,6.2%, 6.4%, 6.6%, 6.8%, 7%, 7.2%, 7.4%, 7.6%, 7.8%, or 8% based on dryweight of inflorescence. Thus in some embodiments the absolute contentof any one of myrcene is between about 0.05% and about 0.85%.

In some embodiments the terpene content of the specialty cannabis of thepresent invention is described in relative terms as a % composition ofthe total terpene profile. Thus for example a specialty cannabis with1.2% absolute terpinolene content and 1.2% myrcene content and no otherterpenes would said to have 50% terpinolene and 50% myrcene relativecontent. In some embodiments, the specialty cannabis of the presentinvention has a relative content of any one of the 17 terpenes in theterpene profile that is greater than or less than 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%,6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%,21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%,35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%,49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%,63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%,77%, 79%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%,91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%. Thus in someembodiments the relative content of any one of the terpenes is between0% and 100%.

In some embodiments, the specialty cannabis of the present invention hasa relative myrcene content of less than 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%,9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%,23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%,37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%,51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%,65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 79%,79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%,93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%. Thus in some embodiments thespecialty cannabis of the present invention has less than 60% relativemyrcene content.

Another important breeding phenotype is flower color. The accumulationof anthocyanins, carotenoids, or other color-producing compounds inleaves and flowers of cannabis can have an effect on consumer visualappeal and flavor. Iconic examples of the appeal of color are thepopular “Purple Kush”, “Purple Haze”, and “Purple Trainwreck” varietiesthat express anthocyanins in their late maturation stages to producedark purple leaves. Color selections can also be based on (but notlimited to) unique coloration of stem, leaf, inflorescence, calyx,stamen, trichome bodies and finished products including extracts andhash.

Yield is another important factor in breeding. Cannabis yield ismeasured by pounds (lbs), grams (g) or kilograms (Kg) of dried (10%moisture), and trimmed flowers. Yield can be expressed in terms of yieldper plant, yield per watt of light, and yield per squared meter ofgrowing area among others. Cannabis yield is also dependent on thegrowing environment. For example yields for a particular cannabis strainwill vary between outdoor growth long season, outdoor growth shortseason, or indoor growth. Yield may also be affected by growingconditions such as type of lighting, soil, fertilizer use, size ofgrowing pot, etc.

In some embodiments, the specialty cannabis of the present inventionproduces, 0.1 g, 0.2 g, 0.3 g, 0.4 g, 0.5 g, 0.6 g, 0.7 g, 0.8 g, 0.9 g,1.0 g, 1.1 g, 1.2 g, 1.3 g, 1.4 g, 1.5 g, 1.6 g, 1.7 g, 1.8 g, 1.9 g,2.0 g, 2.1 g, 2.2 g, 2.3 g, 2.4 g, 2.5 g, 2.6 g, 2.7 g, 2.8 g, 2.9 g,3.0 g, 3.1 g, 3.2 g, 3.3 g, 3.4 g, 3.5 g, 3.6 g, 3.7 g, 3.8 g, 3.9 g,4.0 g, 4.1 g, 4.2 g, 4.3 g, 4.4 g, 4.5 g, 4.6 g, 4.7 g, 4.8 g, 4.9 g, or5.0 g of dried flowers per watt of light. In some embodiments, thespecialty cannabis of the present invention produces 10 g, 15 g, 20 g,25 g, 30 g, 35 g, 40 g, 45 g, 50 g, 55 g, 60 g, 65 g, 70 g, 75 g, 80 g,85 g, 90 g, 95 g, 100 g, 105 g, 110 g, 115 g, 120 g, 125 g, 130 g, 135g, 140 g, 145 g, 150 g, 155 g, 160 g, 165 g, 170 g, 175 g, 180 g, 185 g,190 g, 195 g, 200 g, 210 g, 220 g, 230 g, 240 g, 250 g, 260 g, 270 g,280 g, 290 g, 300 g, 310 g, 320 g, 330 g, 340 g, 350 g, 360 g, 370 g,380 g, 390 g, 400 g, 410 g, 420 g, 430 g, 440 g, 450 g, 460 g, 470 g,480 g, 490 g, 500 g, 550 g, 600 g, 650 g, 700 g, 750 g, 800 g, 850 g,900 g, 950 g, 1000 g, 2000 g, 3000 g, or 5000 g of dried flowers perplant.

Desirable yield phenotypes include:

-   High Yield Natural Light Production Long Season - Selection based on    yield performance for early ripening varieties during long seasons.-   High Yield Natural Light Production Short Season - Selection based    on yield performance of late ripening varieties during long season    and/or yield of plants that ripen in winter months and at low light    levels.-   High Yield Indoor Production - Selection based solely on plant yield    performance in artificial lighting (e.g., HID). Another important    phenotype that is important for cannabis production is structural    features for easy harvesting.

Other important breeding phenotypes include:

-   Structure for Manual Trim/Market - Selections are based on the    relative ratio by weight of finished flower. This usually is    directly related to dense trichome morphology with very few sun    leaves.-   Structure for Automated Trimming - Selection based on flower    morphology that is more kola (continuous long bud) with many sun    leaves protruding from large inflorescences. Overall flower size is    typically large, but trichomes are less densely packed and overall    inflorescence is less dense than what is traditionally selected for    manual trim.-   Root Structure - Positive root selection is marked by overall root    vigor and adventitious root growth, ease of transplant, rate of root    development on clonal propagations, and root shooting from tissue    culture samples. Root selections can also be based on resistance to    soil and hydroponic pathogens including pythium.-   Vigor - Selection for plant vigor are marked by tremendous grow    rates and robust stem/stalk infrastructure. Often times, selection    display morphologies that are very much enlarged compared to sibling    progeny.-   Fungal Resistance - Selections based on plant that exhibit immunity    or partial immunity to fungal diseases and pathogens including but    not limited to powdery mildew, botrytis, downy mildew among others.

For a non-limiting list of cannabinoid phenotypes, please see MarijuanaBotany, An Advanced study: The Propagation and Breeding of DistinctiveCannabis by Robert Connell Clarke.

The present invention also relates to variants, mutants andmodifications of the seeds, plant parts and/or whole plants of thecannabis plants of the present invention. Variants, mutants and trivialmodifications of the seeds, plants, plant parts, plant cells of thepresent invention can be generated by methods well known and availableto one skilled in the art, including but not limited to, mutagenesis(e.g., chemical mutagenesis, radiation mutagenesis, transposonmutagenesis, insertional mutagenesis, signature tagged mutagenesis,site-directed mutagenesis, and natural mutagenesis),knock-outs/knock-ins, antisense and RNA interference. For moreinformation of mutagenesis in plants, such as agents, protocols, seeAcquaah et al. (Principles of plant genetics and breeding,Wiley-Blackwell, 2007, ISBN 1405136464, 9781405136464, which is hereinincorporated by reference in its entity).

The present invention also relates to a mutagenized population of thecannabis plants of the present invention, and methods of using suchpopulations. In some embodiments, the mutagenized population can be usedin screening for new cannabis lines which comprises one or more or allof the morphological, physiological, biological, and/or chemicalcharacteristics of cannabis plants of the present invention. In someembodiments, the new cannabis plants obtained from the screening processcomprise one or more or all of the morphological, physiological,biological, and/or chemical characteristics of cannabis plants of thepresent invention, and one or more additional or different newmorphological, physiological, biological, and/or chemicalcharacteristic.

The mutagenized population of the present invention can be used inTargeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes (TILLING) screening method,which combines a standard and efficient technique of mutagenesis with achemical mutagen (e.g., Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)) with a sensitiveDNA screening-technique that identifies single base mutations (alsocalled point mutations) in a target gene. Detailed description onmethods and compositions on TILLING® can be found in Till et al.(Discovery of induced point mutations in maize genes by TILLING, BMCPlant Biology 2004, 4:12), Weil et al., (TILLING in Grass Species, PlantPhysiology January 2009 vol. 149 no. 1 158-164), Comai, L. and S.Henikoff (“TILLING: practical single-nucleotide mutation discovery.”Plant J 45(4): 684-94), McCallum et al., (Nature Biotechnology, 18:455-457, 2000), McCallum et al., (Plant Physiology, 123: 439-442, 2000),Colbert et al., (Plant Physiol. 126(2): 480-484, 2001), U.S. Pat. No.5,994,075, U.S. Pat. Application Publication No. 2004/0053236A1, andInternational Patent Application Publication Nos. WO 2005/055704 and WO2005/048692, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference for allpurposes.

The present invention also provides any compositions or any productsmade from or isolated from the plants of the present invention. In someembodiments, the compositions/products comprises extract of the plants,wherein the extract contains more than 2% CBD and less than 98% THC. Insome embodiments, the extract contains higher percentage ofterpenes/terpenoids compared to extract isolated from a control cannabisplant variety (e.g., an existing variety, such as a recreationalcannabis plant variety).

Methods of Using Cannabis Plants

The present invention provides methods of using the cannabis plants orany parts, any compositions, or any chemicals derived from said plantsof the present invention.

In some embodiments, the plants can be used for medical purpose. Inother embodiments, the specialty cannabis plants of the presentinvention can be used for recreational purposes. In some embodiments,the plants can be used by patients having a disease. In someembodiments, the diseases includes, but are not limited to, AcquiredHypothyroidism, Acute Gastritis, Agoraphobia, AIDS Related Illness,Alcohol Abuse, Alcoholism, Alopecia Areata, Alzheimer’s Disease,Amphetamine Dependency, Amyloidosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS), Angina Pectoris, Ankylosis, Anorexia, Anorexia Nervosa, AnxietyDisorders, any chronic medical symptom that limits major lifeactivities, any Chronic Medical Symptom that Limits Major LifeActivities, Arteriosclerotic Heart Disease, Arthritis, Arthritis(Rheumatoid), Arthropathy, gout, Asthma, Attention Deficit HyperactivityDisorder (ADD/ADHD), Autism/Asperger’s, Autoimmune Disease, Back Pain,Back Sprain, Bell’s Palsy, Bipolar Disorder, Brain Tumor, Malignant,Bruxism, Bulimia, Cachexia, Cancer, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, CerebralPalsy, Cervical Disk Disease, Cervicobrachial Syndrome, ChemotherapyChronic Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic Pain, Chronic renal failure, CocaineDependence, Colitis, Conjunctivitis, Constipation, Crohn’s Disease,Cystic Fibrosis, Damage to Spinal Cord Nervous Tissue, Darier’s Disease,Degenerative Arthritis, Degenerative Arthropathy, Delirium Tremens,Dermatomyositis, Diabetes, Diabetic Neuropathy, Diabetic PeripheralVascular Disease, Diarrhea, Diverticulitis, Dysthymic Disorder, Eczema,Emphysema, Emphysema, Endometriosis, Epidermolysis Bullosa,Epididymitis, Epilepsy, Felty’s Syndrome, Fibromyalgia, Friedreich’sAtaxia, Gastritis, Genital Herpes, Glaucoma, Glioblastoma Multiforme,Graves Disease, Cluster Headaches, Migraine Headaches, TensionHeadaches, Hemophilia A, Henoch-Schonlein Purpura, Hepatitis C,Hereditary Spinal Ataxia, HIV/AIDS, Hospice Patients, Huntington’sDisease, Hypertension, Hypertension, Hyperventilation, Hypoglycemia,Impotence, Inflammatory autoimmune-mediated arthritis, InflammatoryBowel Disease (IBD), Insomnia, Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED),Intractable Pain, Intractable Vomiting, Lipomatosis, Lou Gehrig’sDisease, Lyme Disease, Lymphoma, Major Depression, Malignant Melanoma,Mania, Melorheostosis, Meniere’s Disease, Motion Sickness,Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Muscle Spasms,Muscular Dystrophy, Myeloid Leukemia, Nail-Patella Syndrome, Nightmares,Obesity, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Opiate Dependence,Osteoarthritis, Panic Disorder, Parkinson’s Disease, PeripheralNeuropathy, Peritoneal Pain, Persistent Insomnia, Porphyria, Post PolioSyndrome (PPS), Post-traumatic arthritis, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD), Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Prostatitis, Psoriasis, PulmonaryFibrosis, Quadriplegia, Radiation Therapy, Raynaud’s Disease, Reiter’sSyndrome, Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), Rheumatoid Arthritis, RheumatoidArthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rosacea, Schizoaffective Disorder,Schizophrenia, Scoliosis, Sedative Dependence, Seizures, SenileDementia, Severe Nausea, Shingles (Herpes Zoster), Sinusitis, SkeletalMuscular Spasticity, Sleep Apnea, Sleep Disorders, Spasticity, SpinalStenosis, Sturge-Weber Syndrome (SWS), Stuttering, Tardive Dyskinesia(TD), Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ), Tenosynovitis, TerminalIllness, Thyroiditis, Tic Douloureux, Tietze’s Syndrome, Tinnitus,Tobacco Dependence, Tourette’s Syndrome, Trichotillomania, ViralHepatitis, Wasting Syndrome, Whiplash, Wittmaack-Ekbom’s Syndrome,Writers’ Cramp, nausea, vomiting, premenstrual syndrome, unintentionalweight loss, insomnia, and lack of appetite, spasticity, painfulconditions, especially neurogenic pain, movement disorders, asthma,glaucoma, adrenal disease, inflammatory bowel disease, migraines,fibromyalgia, and related conditions, multiple sclerosis, spinal cordinjuries. It exhibits antispasmodic and muscle-relaxant properties aswell as stimulates appetite. Other studies state that cannabis orcannabinoids may be useful in treating alcohol abuse, amyotrophiclateral sclerosis, collagen-induced arthritis, asthma, atherosclerosis,bipolar disorder, colorectal cancer, HIV-Associated Sensory Neuropathy,depression, dystonia, epilepsy, digestive diseases, gliomas, hepatitisC, Huntington’s disease, leukemia, skin tumors, methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Parkinson’s disease, pruritus,posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psoriasis, sickle-cell disease,sleep apnea, and anorexia nervosa.

In some embodiments, the plants of the present invention provide one ormore medical benefits to a person in need without any side effects, orwith reduced side effects compared to a traditional recreationalmarijuana plant variety. In some embodiments, the specialty cannabis ofthe present invention can reduce the effect of cannabis use on fetalbrain development by providing CBs and terpenes which attenuate theactivation of CB1 receptor by THC (Tortoriello et al., 2013 “Miswiringthe brain: delta 9 tetrahydrocananbinol disrupts cortical development byinducing an SCG10/stathmin-2 degradation pathway” EMBO 10 Dec. 2013). Insome embodiments, the traditional recreational marijuana plant varietyis the variety ‘White Widow.’ In some embodiments, the traditionalrecreational marijuana plant variety contains at least 98%, at least98.5%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, atleast 99.8%, at least 99.9%, or 100% THC in the cannabinoid accumulationin the plant.

In some embodiments, the plants can be used for non-medical purposes. Insome embodiments the specialty cannabis plants of the present inventioncan be used for recreational purposes. In some embodiments, thespecialty cannabis plants of the present invention can be used forindustrial purposes. In some embodiments, the plants are used forproducing food, oil, wax, resin, rope, cloth, pulp, fiber, feed forlivestock, construction material, plastic and composite materials,paper, jewelry, water and soil purification materials, weed controlmaterials, cultivation materials, textiles, clothing, biodegradableplastics, body products, health food and biofuel.

Cannabis Breeding Methods

In some embodiments, the plants of the present invention can be used toproduce new plant varieties. In some embodiments, the plants are used todevelop new, unique and superior varieties or hybrids with desiredphenotypes.

In some embodiments, selection methods, e.g., molecular marker assistedselection, can be combined with breeding methods to accelerate theprocess. Additional breeding methods have been known to one of ordinaryskill in the art, e.g., methods discussed in Chahal and Gosal(Principles and procedures of plant breeding: biotechnological andconventional approaches, CRC Press, 2002, ISBN 084931321X,9780849313219), Taji et al. (In vitro plant breeding, Routledge, 2002,ISBN 156022908X, 9781560229087), Richards (Plant breeding systems,Taylor & Francis US, 1997, ISBN 0412574500, 9780412574504), Hayes(Methods of Plant Breeding, Publisher: READ BOOKS, 2007, ISBN1406737062,9781406737066), each of which is incorporated by reference in itsentirety for all purposes. Cannabis genome has been sequenced recently(Bakel et al., The draft genome and transcriptome of Cannabis sativa,Genome Biology, 12(10):R102, 2011). Molecular makers for cannabis plantsare described in Datwyler et al. (Genetic variation in hemp andmarijuana (Cannabis sativa L .) according to amplified fragment lengthpolymorphisms, J Forensic Sci. 2006 Mar;51(2):371-5.), Pinarkara et al.,(RAPD analysis of seized marijuana (Cannabis sativa L .) in Turkey,Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 12(1), 2009), Hakki et al., (Intersimple sequence repeats separate efficiently hemp from marijuana(Cannabis sativa L .), Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 10(4),2007), Datwyler et al., (Genetic Variation in Hemp and Marijuana(Cannabis sativa L .) According to Amplified Fragment LengthPolymorphisms, J Forensic Sci, March 2006, 51(2):371-375), Gilmore etal. (Isolation of microsatellite markers in Cannabis sativa L .(marijuana), Molecular Ecology Notes, 3(1):105-107, March 2003),Pacifico et al., (Genetics and marker-assisted selection of chemotype inCannabis sativa L .), Molecular Breeding (2006) 17:257-268), and Mendozaet al., (Genetic individualization of Cannabis sativa by a short tandemrepeat multiplex system, Anal Bioanal Chem (2009) 393:719-726), each ofwhich is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for allpurposes.

In some embodiments, molecular markers are designed and made, based onthe genome of the plants of the present application. In someembodiments, the molecular markers are selected from IsozymeElectrophoresis, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs),Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Arbitrarily PrimedPolymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR), DNA Amplification Fingerprinting(DAF), Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions (SCARs). AmplifiedFragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), and Simple Sequence Repeats(SSRs) which are also referred to as Microsatellites, etc. Methods ofdeveloping molecular markers and their applications are described byAvise (Molecular markers, natural history, and evolution, Publisher:Sinauer Associates, 2004, ISBN 0878930418, 9780878930418), Srivastava etal. (Plant biotechnology and molecular markers, Publisher: Springer,2004, ISBN1402019114, 9781402019111), and Vienne (Molecular markers inplant genetics and biotechnology, Publisher: Science Publishers, 2003),each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety for allpurposes.

The molecular markers can be used in molecular marker assisted breeding.For example, the molecular markers can be utilized to monitor thetransfer of the genetic material. In some embodiments, the transferredgenetic material is a gene of interest, such as genes that contribute toone or more favorable agronomic phenotypes when expressed in a plantcell, a plant part, or a plant.

Details of existing cannabis plants varieties and breeding methods aredescribed in Potter et al. (2011, World Wide Weed: Global Trends inCannabis Cultivation and Its Control), Holland (2010, The Pot Book: AComplete Guide to Cannabis, Inner Traditions / Bear & Co,ISBN1594778981, 9781594778988), Green I (2009, The Cannabis Grow Bible:The Definitive Guide to Growing Marijuana for Recreational and MedicalUse, Green Candy Press, 2009, ISBN 1931160589, 9781931160582), Green II(2005, The Cannabis Breeder’s Bible: The Definitive Guide to MarijuanaGenetics, Cannabis Botany and Creating Strains for the Seed Market,Green Candy Press, 1931160279, 9781931160278), Starks (1990, MarijuanaChemistry: Genetics, Processing & Potency, ISBN 0914171399,9780914171393), Clarke (1981, Marijuana Botany, an Advanced Study: ThePropagation and Breeding of Distinctive Cannabis, Ronin Publishing, ISBN091417178X, 9780914171782), Short (2004, Cultivating ExceptionalCannabis: An Expert Breeder Shares His Secrets, ISBN 1936807122,9781936807123), Cervantes (2004, Marijuana Horticulture: TheIndoor/Outdoor Medical Grower’s Bible, Van Patten Publishing, ISBN187882323X, 9781878823236), Franck et al. (1990, Marijuana Grower’sGuide, Red Eye Press, ISBN 0929349016, 9780929349015), Grotenhermen andRusso (2002, Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Pharmacology, Toxicology, andTherapeutic Potential, Psychology Press, ISBN 0789015080,9780789015082), Rosenthal (2007, The Big Book of Buds: More MarijuanaVarieties from the World’s Great Seed Breeders, ISBN 1936807068,9781936807062), Clarke, RC (Cannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany 2013 (Inpress)), King, J (Cannabible Vols 1-3, 2001-2006), and four volumes ofRosenthal’s Big Book of Buds series (2001, 2004, 2007, and 2011), eachof which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for allpurposes.

Plant Transformation

Plants of the present invention can be further modified by introducinginto the plants one or more transgenes which when expressed lead todesired phenotypes. The most common method for the introduction of newgenetic material into a plant genome involves the use of living cells ofthe bacterial pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens to literally inject apiece of DNA, called transfer or T-DNA, into individual plant cells(usually following wounding of the tissue) where it is targeted to theplant nucleus for chromosomal integration. There are numerous patentsgoverning Agrobacterium mediated transformation and particular DNAdelivery plasmids designed specifically for use with Agrobacterium---forexample, US4536475, EP0265556, EP0270822, WO8504899, WO8603516,US5591616, EP0604662, EP0672752, WO8603776, WO9209696, WO9419930,WO9967357, US4399216, WO8303259, US5731179, EP068730, WO9516031,US5693512, US6051757 and EP904362A1. Agrobacterium-mediated planttransformation involves as a first step the placement of DNA fragmentscloned on plasmids into living Agrobacterium cells, which are thensubsequently used for transformation into individual plant cells.Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation is thus an indirect planttransformation method. Methods of Agrobacterium-mediated planttransformation that involve using vectors with no T-DNA are also wellknown to those skilled in the art and can have applicability in thepresent invention. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,250,554, whichutilizes P-DNA instead of T-DNA in the transformation vector.

Direct plant transformation methods using DNA have also been reported.The first of these to be reported historically is electroporation, whichutilizes an electrical current applied to a solution containing plantcells (M. E. Fromm et al., Nature, 319, 791 (1986); H. Jones et al.,Plant Mol. Biol., 13, 501 (1989) and H. Yang et al., Plant Cell Reports,7, 421 (1988). Another direct method, called “biolistic bombardment”,uses ultrafine particles, usually tungsten or gold, that are coated withDNA and then sprayed onto the surface of a plant tissue with sufficientforce to cause the particles to penetrate plant cells, including thethick cell wall, membrane and nuclear envelope, but without killing atleast some of them (US 5,204,253, US 5,015,580). A third direct methoduses fibrous forms of metal or ceramic consisting of sharp, porous orhollow needle-like projections that literally impale the cells, and alsothe nuclear envelope of cells. Both silicon carbide and aluminum boratewhiskers have been used for plant transformation (Mizuno et al., 2004;Petolino et al., 2000; US5302523 U.S. Application 20040197909) and alsofor bacterial and animal transformation (Kaepler et al., 1992; Raloff,1990; Wang, 1995). There are other methods reported, and undoubtedly,additional methods will be developed. However, the efficiencies of eachof these indirect or direct methods in introducing foreign DNA intoplant cells are invariably extremely low, making it necessary to usesome method for selection of only those cells that have beentransformed, and further, allowing growth and regeneration into plantsof only those cells that have been transformed.

For efficient plant transformation, a selection method must be employedsuch that whole plants are regenerated from a single transformed celland every cell of the transformed plant carries the DNA of interest.These methods can employ positive selection, whereby a foreign gene issupplied to a plant cell that allows it to utilize a substrate presentin the medium that it otherwise could not use, such as mannose or xylose(for example, refer US 5,767,378; US 5994629). More typically, however,negative selection is used because it is more efficient, utilizingselective agents such as herbicides or antibiotics that either kill orinhibit the growth of nontransformed plant cells and reducing thepossibility of chimeras. Resistance genes that are effective againstnegative selective agents are provided on the introduced foreign DNAused for the plant transformation. For example, one of the most popularselective agents used is the antibiotic kanamycin, together with theresistance gene neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII), which confersresistance to kanamycin and related antibiotics (see, for example,Messing & Vierra, Gene 19: 259-268 (1982); Bevan et al., Nature304:184-187 (1983)). However, many different antibiotics and antibioticresistance genes can be used for transformation purposes (refer US5034322, US 6174724 and US 6255560). In addition, several herbicides andherbicide resistance genes have been used for transformation purposes,including the bar gene, which confers resistance to the herbicidephosphinothricin (White et al., Nucl Acids Res 18: 1062 (1990), Spenceret al., Theor Appl Genet 79: 625-631(1990), US 4795855, US 5378824 andUS 6107549). In addition, the dhfr gene, which confers resistance to theanticancer agent methotrexate, has been used for selection (Bourouis etal., EMBO J. 2(7): 1099-1104 (1983).

Genes can be introduced in a site directed fashion using homologousrecombination. Homologous recombination permits site specificmodifications in endogenous genes and thus inherited or acquiredmutations may be corrected, and/or novel alterations may be engineeredinto the genome. Homologous recombination and site-directed integrationin plants are discussed in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,451,513;5,501,967 and 5,527,695.

Methods of producing transgenic plants are well known to those ofordinary skill in the art. Transgenic plants can now be produced by avariety of different transformation methods including, but not limitedto, electroporation; microinjection; microprojectile bombardment, alsoknown as particle acceleration or biolistic bombardment; viral-mediatedtransformation; and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. See, forexample, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,405,765; 5,472,869; 5,538,877; 5,538,880;5,550,318; 5,641,664; 5,736,369 and 5,736,369; and International PatentApplication Publication Nos. WO/2002/038779 and WO/2009/117555; Lu etal., (Plant Cell Reports, 2008, 27:273-278); Watson et al., RecombinantDNA, Scientific American Books (1992); Hinchee et al., Bio/Tech.6:915-922 (1988); McCabe et al., Bio/Tech. 6:923-926 (1988); Toriyama etal., Bio/Tech. 6:1072-1074 (1988); Fromm et al., Bio/Tech. 8:833-839(1990); Mullins et al., Bio/Tech. 8:833-839 (1990); Hiei et al., PlantMolecular Biology 35:205-218 (1997); Ishida et al., Nature Biotechnology14:745-750 (1996); Zhang et al., Molecular Biotechnology 8:223-231(1997); Ku et al., Nature Biotechnology 17:76-80 (1999); and, Raineri etal., Bio/Tech. 8:33-38 (1990)), each of which is expressly incorporatedherein by reference in their entirety. Other references teaching thetransformation of cannabis plants and the production of callus tissueinclude Raharjo et al 2006, “Callus Induction and PhytochemicalCharacterization of Cannabis sativa Cell Suspension Cultures”, Indo. J.Chem 6 (1) 70-74; and “The biotechnology of Cannabis sativa” by Sam R.Zwenger, electronically published April, 2009.

Microprojectile bombardment is also known as particle acceleration,biolistic bombardment, and the gene gun (Biolistic® Gene Gun). The genegun is used to shoot pellets that are coated with genes (e.g., fordesired traits) into plant seeds or plant tissues in order to get theplant cells to then express the new genes. The gene gun uses an actualexplosive (.22 caliber blank) to propel the material. Compressed air orsteam may also be used as the propellant. The Biolistic® Gene Gun wasinvented in 1983-1984 at Cornell University by John Sanford, EdwardWolf, and Nelson Allen. It and its registered trademark are now owned byE. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. Most species of plants have beentransformed using this method.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a naturally occurring bacterium that iscapable of inserting its DNA (genetic information) into plants,resulting in a type of injury to the plant known as crown gall. Mostspecies of plants can now be transformed using this method, includingcucurbitaceous species. A transgenic plant formed using Agrobacteriumtransformation methods typically contains a single gene on onechromosome, although multiple copies are possible. Such transgenicplants can be referred to as being hemizygous for the added gene. A moreaccurate name for such a plant is an independent segregant, because eachtransformed plant represents a unique T-DNA integration event (U.S. Pat.No. 6,156,953). A transgene locus is generally characterized by thepresence and/or absence of the transgene. A heterozygous genotype inwhich one allele corresponds to the absence of the transgene is alsodesignated hemizygous (U.S. Pat. No. 6,008,437).

General transformation methods, and specific methods for transformingcertain plant species (e.g., maize) are described in U.S. Pat. Nos.4940838, 5464763, 5149645, 5501967, 6265638, 4693976, 5635381, 5731179,5693512, 6162965, 5693512, 5981840, 6420630, 6919494, 6329571, 6215051,6369298, 5169770, 5376543, 5416011, 5569834, 5824877, 5959179, 5563055,and 5968830, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety for all purposes.

Non-limiting examples of methods for transforming cannabis plants andcannabis tissue culture methods are described in Zweger (TheBiotechnology of Cannabis sativa, April 2009); MacKinnon (Genetictransformation of Cannabis sativa Linn: a multi purpose fiber crop,doctoral thesis, University of Dundee, Scotland, 2003), MacKinnon et al.(Progress towards transformation of fiber hemp, Scottish Crop Research,2000), and US 20120311744, each of which is herein incorporated byreference in its entirety for all purposes. The transformation can bephysical, chemical and/or biological.

Breeding Methods

Classical breeding methods can be included in the present invention tointroduce one or more recombinant expression cassettes of the presentinvention into other plant varieties, or other close-related speciesthat are compatible to be crossed with the transgenic plant of thepresent invention.

In some embodiments, said method comprises (i) crossing any one of theplants of the present invention comprising the expression cassette as adonor to a recipient plant line to create a F1 population; (ii)selecting offspring that have expression cassette. Optionally, theoffspring can be further selected by testing the expression of the geneof interest.

In some embodiments, complete chromosomes of the donor plant aretransferred. For example, the transgenic plant with the expressioncassette can serve as a male or female parent in a cross pollination toproduce offspring plants, wherein by receiving the transgene from thedonor plant, the offspring plants have the expression cassette.

In a method for producing plants having the expression cassette,protoplast fusion can also be used for the transfer of the transgenefrom a donor plant to a recipient plant. Protoplast fusion is an inducedor spontaneous union, such as a somatic hybridization, between two ormore protoplasts (cells in which the cell walls are removed by enzymatictreatment) to produce a single bi- or multi-nucleate cell. The fusedcell that may even be obtained with plant species that cannot beinterbred in nature is tissue cultured into a hybrid plant exhibitingthe desirable combination of traits. More specifically, a firstprotoplast can be obtained from a plant having the expression cassette.A second protoplast can be obtained from a second plant line, optionallyfrom another plant species or variety, preferably from the same plantspecies or variety, that comprises commercially desirablecharacteristics, such as, but not limited to disease resistance, insectresistance, valuable grain characteristics (e.g., increased seed weightand/or seed size) etc. The protoplasts are then fused using traditionalprotoplast fusion procedures, which are known in the art to produce thecross.

Alternatively, embryo rescue may be employed in the transfer of theexpression cassette from a donor plant to a recipient plant. Embryorescue can be used as a procedure to isolate embryo’s from crosseswherein plants fail to produce viable seed. In this process, thefertilized ovary or immature seed of a plant is tissue cultured tocreate new plants (see Pierik, 1999, In vitro culture of higher plants,Springer, ISBN 079235267x, 9780792352679, which is incorporated hereinby reference in its entirety).

In some embodiments, the recipient plant is an elite line having one ormore certain desired traits. Examples of desired traits include but arenot limited to those that result in increased biomass production,production of specific chemicals, increased seed production, improvedplant material quality, increased seed oil content, etc. Additionalexamples of desired traits includes pest resistance, vigor, developmenttime (time to harvest), enhanced nutrient content, novel growthpatterns, flavors or colors, salt, heat, drought and cold tolerance, andthe like. Desired traits also include selectable marker genes (e.g.,genes encoding herbicide or antibiotic resistance used only tofacilitate detection or selection of transformed cells), hormonebiosynthesis genes leading to the production of a plant hormone (e.g.,auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid and ethylene that areused only for selection), or reporter genes (e.g. luciferase,β-glucuronidase, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT, etc.). Therecipient plant can also be a plant with preferred chemicalcompositions, e.g., compositions preferred for medical use or industrialapplications.

Classical breeding methods can be used to produce new varieties ofcannabis according to the present invention. Newly developed F1 hybridscan be reproduced via asexual reproduction.

Open-Pollinated Populations. The improvement of open-pollinatedpopulations of such crops as rye, many maizes and sugar beets, herbagegrasses, legumes such as alfalfa and clover, and tropical tree cropssuch as cacao, coconuts, oil palm and some rubber, depends essentiallyupon changing gene-frequencies towards fixation of favorable alleleswhile maintaining a high (but far from maximal) degree ofheterozygosity. Uniformity in such populations is impossible andtrueness-to-type in an open-pollinated variety is a statistical featureof the population as a whole, not a characteristic of individual plants.Thus, the heterogeneity of open-pollinated populations contrasts withthe homogeneity (or virtually so) of inbred lines, clones and hybrids.

Population improvement methods fall naturally into two groups, thosebased on purely phenotypic selection, normally called mass selection,and those based on selection with progeny testing. Interpopulationimprovement utilizes the concept of open breeding populations; allowinggenes to flow from one population to another. Plants in one population(cultivar, strain, ecotype, or any germplasm source) are crossed eithernaturally (e.g., by wind) or by hand or by bees (commonly Apis melliferaL. or Megachile rotundata F.) with plants from other populations.Selection is applied to improve one (or sometimes both) population(s) byisolating plants with desirable traits from both sources.

There are basically two primary methods of open-pollinated populationimprovement. First, there is the situation in which a population ischanged en masse by a chosen selection procedure. The outcome is animproved population that is indefinitely propagatable by random-matingwithin itself in isolation. Second, the synthetic variety attains thesame end result as population improvement but is not itself propagatableas such; it has to be reconstructed from parental lines or clones. Theseplant breeding procedures for improving open-pollinated populations arewell known to those skilled in the art and comprehensive reviews ofbreeding procedures routinely used for improving cross-pollinated plantsare provided in numerous texts and articles, including: Allard,Principles of Plant Breeding, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1960); Simmonds,Principles of Crop Improvement, Longman Group Limited (1979); Hallauerand Miranda, Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding, Iowa StateUniversity Press (1981); and, Jensen, Plant Breeding Methodology, JohnWiley & Sons, Inc. (1988).

Mass Selection. In mass selection, desirable individual plants arechosen, harvested, and the seed composited without progeny testing toproduce the following generation. Since selection is based on thematernal parent only, and there is no control over pollination, massselection amounts to a form of random mating with selection. As statedherein, the purpose of mass selection is to increase the proportion ofsuperior genotypes in the population.

Synthetics. A synthetic variety is produced by crossing inter se anumber of genotypes selected for good combining ability in all possiblehybrid combinations, with subsequent maintenance of the variety by openpollination. Whether parents are (more or less inbred) seed-propagatedlines, as in some sugar beet and beans (Vicia) or clones, as in herbagegrasses, clovers and alfalfa, makes no difference in principle. Parentsare selected on general combining ability, sometimes by test crosses ortopcrosses, more generally by polycrosses. Parental seed lines may bedeliberately inbred (e.g. by selfing or sib crossing). However, even ifthe parents are not deliberately inbred, selection within lines duringline maintenance will ensure that some inbreeding occurs. Clonal parentswill, of course, remain unchanged and highly heterozygous.

Whether a synthetic can go straight from the parental seed productionplot to the farmer or must first undergo one or two cycles ofmultiplication depends on seed production and the scale of demand forseed. In practice, grasses and clovers are generally multiplied once ortwice and are thus considerably removed from the original synthetic.

While mass selection is sometimes used, progeny testing is generallypreferred for polycrosses, because of their operational simplicity andobvious relevance to the objective, namely exploitation of generalcombining ability in a synthetic.

The numbers of parental lines or clones that enter a synthetic varywidely. In practice, numbers of parental lines range from 10 to severalhundred, with 100-200 being the average. Broad based synthetics formedfrom 100 or more clones would be expected to be more stable during seedmultiplication than narrow based synthetics.

Pedigreed varieties. A pedigreed variety is a superior genotypedeveloped from selection of individual plants out of a segregatingpopulation followed by propagation and seed increase of self pollinatedoffspring and careful testing of the genotype over several generations.This is an open pollinated method that works well with naturally selfpollinating species. This method can be used in combination with massselection in variety development. Variations in pedigree and massselection in combination are the most common methods for generatingvarieties in self pollinated crops.

Hybrids. A hybrid is an individual plant resulting from a cross betweenparents of differing genotypes. Commercial hybrids are now usedextensively in many crops, including corn (maize), sorghum, sugarbeet,sunflower and broccoli. Hybrids can be formed in a number of differentways, including by crossing two parents directly (single cross hybrids),by crossing a single cross hybrid with another parent (three-way ortriple cross hybrids), or by crossing two different hybrids (four-way ordouble cross hybrids).

Strictly speaking, most individuals in an out breeding (i.e.,open-pollinated) population are hybrids, but the term is usuallyreserved for cases in which the parents are individuals whose genomesare sufficiently distinct for them to be recognized as different speciesor subspecies. Hybrids may be fertile or sterile depending onqualitative and/or quantitative differences in the genomes of the twoparents. Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, is usually associated withincreased heterozygosity that results in increased vigor of growth,survival, and fertility of hybrids as compared with the parental linesthat were used to form the hybrid. Maximum heterosis is usually achievedby crossing two genetically different, highly inbred lines.

This invention is further illustrated by the following examples whichshould not be construed as limiting. The contents of all references,patents and published patent applications cited throughout thisapplication, as well as the Figures and the Sequence Listing, areincorporated herein by reference.

Specialty Cannabis

The present invention is based in part on the discovery new specialtycannabis varieties with unique terpene and cannabinoid profiles can bebred to produce cannabis with reduced THC side effects and increasedmedicinal uses.

Contemporary “recreational” marijuana cultivars that are currentlyavailable have been bred and selected primarily for their THC content,without much regard for their terpenoid aroma and flavor chemistry, orfor their for their production of the other cannabinoids (CBs), such asCBD, THCV, CBC, CBG, etc. Indeed, almost 99% of cannabis sold bydispensaries in California for medical purposes contains less than 1%non-THC CBs. (personal communication with SC Laboratories and HalentLaboratory, 2013).

While THC has considerable medicinal value, it can be responsible for arange of poorly tolerated side effects including anxiety, dizziness,tachycardia, asthenia, etc. It has recently been discovered thatadministration of CBD reduces or ameliorates some undesirable effects ofTHC including intoxication, sedation and tachycardia, while contributinganalgesic, anti-emetic, and anti-carcinogenic properties (Russo and Guy,2006, Medical Hypotheses (2006) 66, 234-246). Evidence has also emergedthat CBD may contribute anti-anxiety effects to cannabis varieties withTHC. See “Cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent, as an anxiolyticdrug.” (Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2012;34(Supl1):S104-S117) Also evidence hasemerged that CBD can ameliorate the memory impairment caused by THC. SeeMorgan, Celia JA, et al. “Impact of cannabidiol on the acute memory andpsychotomimetic effects of smoked cannabis: naturalistic study.” TheBritish Journal of Psychiatry 197.4 (2010): 285-290. Other non-THCcannabinoids (CBs) have also been demonstrated to have extensivemedicinal uses (Table 1).

THC is produced primarily by narrow and broad-leafleted drug cannabisvarieties. CBD is produced primarily by narrow and broad leafleted fibercannabis varieties, commonly known as hemp. Other non-THC CBs such asTHCv and CBDv can also be found in natural varieties (Meijer and Hammond2005, Euphytica 145:189-198). CBC production is associated with juvenilecannabis and some natural varieties found in India (Meijer and Hammond2009, Euphytica 165:293-311).

Interbreeding drug and other natural varieties of cannabis can producecultivars that produce both THC and other CBs, in amounts that farexceed landrace cannabis drug or fiber varieties (See Clarke, RC et al.“Cannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany” University of California Press2013). Unfortunately, such crosses have been rare, and have onlyproduced cannabis varieties lacking the terpenoid constituentsresponsible for the appealing aroma and flavor. Moreover, suchvarieties, also lack the synergistic entourage effects of diverseterpene-cannabinoid combinations (2011, Taming THC: potential cannabissynergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects, BritishJournal of Pharmacology, 163:1344-1364, Table 2).

Similar problems have been identified with oral administrations ofcannabis extracts such as Marinol® (dronabinol), and Sativex®, whichhave higher side effects, and lower consumer acceptance, partially dueto the lack of terpene entourage effects and lack of positivearoma/flavors (see Hazenkamp et al 2013, “The Medicinal Use of Cannabisand Cannabinoids- An international Cross-Sectional Survey onAdministration forms” Journal of Psychoactive drugs 45 (3) 199-210;McPartland and Russo 2001 “Cannabis and Cannabis Extracts: Greater Thanthe Sum of Their Parts?” Hayworth Press).

For example, all known varieties of chemotype II cannabis (B_(T)/B_(D)genotype) exhibit terpene profiles dominated by myrcene. That is, thesecannabis varieties produce myrcene at higher levels than any otherterpene. As such, these varieties do not exhibit diverse terpeneprofiles and lack the varied aroma, organoleptic feel of the specialtycannabis of the present invention. The aroma and flavors for myrcenedominant varieties tend to be “single tone”, with the high myrcenelevels dominating the flavor and aroma profile. Moreover, as myrcene isassociated with the cannabis “couch lock” effect, these varieties haveproduce less functional highs, with higher sedation.

The present invention provides specialty cannabis plants with THC andCBs, and desirable terpene profiles. In some embodiments, the CBs (e.g.CBD, or CBDv) level in dried cannabis plants of the present invention ishigher compared to that of a dried recreational cannabis plants, such asthe strain ‘White Widow.’ In some embodiments, the THC level in thedried cannabis plants of the present invention is lower compared to thatof a dried recreational cannabis plants, such as the strain ‘WhiteWidow.’ In some embodiments the specialty cannabis of the presentinvention is a chemotype II plant. In some embodiments, the specialtycannabis of the present invention produces more than 1.5% of any oneCBs. In some embodiments, the specialty cannabis plants of the presentinvention also have terpene profiles that are not dominated by myrcene.In some embodiments, the specialty cannabis of the present inventionhave higher terpene oil contents which overcome high myrcene profiles.

In some embodiments, the specialty cannabis varieties of the presentinvention have been bred to produce high terpene oil contents. Incurrently available cannabis cultivars, increased terpene oil content islargely driven by increased myrcene content, which can increase the“couch-lock” effect and overshadow the effects of the other terpenes. Incontrast to current practice, the breeding programs of the presentinvention were designed to produce specialty cannabis varieties withhigher terpene oil content with terpene profiles in which myrcene has arelative terpene content of less than two-thirds of the terpene profile.In other embodiments, the breeding programs of the present inventionwere designed to produce high terpene oil cultivars in which myrcene wasnot the dominant terpene.

EXAMPLES Example 1. Chemical Analysis of Cannabinoids and Terpenes

Chemical analyses of the parental and progeny specialty cannabisvarieties of the present invention was carried out using standardchemical separation techniques well known to those skilled in the arts.Qualitative identification of cannabinoids and terpenes was carried outby GCMS, while quantitative analysis was done by GC-FID and/or HPLC-PDA(Photo Diode Array). Initial field analyses of cannabinoids wasperformed using thin layer chromatography as described in (“CannabisInflorescence & Leaf QC” from The American Herbal Pharmacopeia 2013).The in-house assays for cannabinoids included orthogonal methods ofGC-FID and HPLC for the highest level of accuracy.

Samples were prepared by grinding ~5 g of dried cannabis flower materialin a coffee grinder. From this homogenized material, 500 ±20 mg wasplaced in a bead beater vial with ~1 g of 2 mm beads and 5 mL of workingsolution. Each sample was placed in the bead beater (BioSpec ProductsInc.) and homogenized on high for 3 minutes. The vials were centrifugedat 1350 xg, decanted into 50 mL falcon tubes, and the process wasrepeated with fresh working solution. After the second extraction thecaps were removed, the vials were decanted into the appropriate falcontubes, and the vials were rinsed into the falcon tubes with anadditional 5 mL of working solution. For samples suspected of havinglower concentrations of analytes (i.e. <10% THC or total terpene content~ 0.5%), 3 mL portions of working solution could be employed.Approximately 2 mL of the extracts were placed in 2 mL centrifuge tubes,and the vials were centrifuged at 9500 xg for 5 minutes. The supernatantwas placed in a GC vial for terpene analysis without dilution. Thesupernatant was also diluted with working solution for GC and HPLCanalysis. A 1:40 dilution provided the appropriate concentration foranalysis of cannabinoids present at concentrations above 1.5%, while a1:3 dilution allowed for analysis of cannabinoids below this level.

I. Terpenoids by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID)

Terpenes were quantified by a method developed on a GC-FID instrumentfrom Perkin Elmer (Waltham, MA). This method separates and quantifies 17different terpenoids commonly found in cannabis plant tissue. Theterpenoids are each quantified by their own individual calibrationcurves generated with analytical reference standards (Sigma Aldrich) andall use n-nonane as the internal standard.

The instrumentation includes a Clarus 680 gas chromatograph (GC)equipped with an autosampler, an Elite-5 column (Perkin Elmer (Waltham,MA), 30 m length, 0.25 mm internal diameter, 0.25 µm thickness filmdiameter) and a flame ionization detector (FID). Instrument control anddata acquisition and analyses was accomplished by TotalChrom softwareversion 1.2.3.4 (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA).

Calibration curves were generated by injecting each standard intriplicate and the RSDs provided the measure of precision while theabsolute accuracy was determined by comparing the concentrations of thestandards predicted by the calibration curve to their “known” valuesdetermined by dilution ratios. AOAC International standards for accuracyand precision were used as quality guidelines for every calibration.Check standards were run at the start, middle, and end of everyanalysis, and recalibration was performed when they varied more than +/-5% of their initial average response. Levels that failed the acceptancecriteria and analytes were not quantified at those levels untilrecalibration of the instrument corrected the deficiency. Most of thecurves were linear to nearly two orders of magnitude and based on thesample mass extracted (500 mg) and the two possible extraction volumes(3 ×3 mL or 3 ×5mL), this provided quantitation of terpene levels from0.01-0.9% or 0.02-1.5% (typical) in the plant matrix.

II. Cannabinoids by GC-FID

Cannabinoids were quantified by an analytical method developed and runon a Perkin Elmer (Waltham, MA) GC-FID instrument also. This method wasdeveloped to separate six neutral cannabinoids, CBD, CBG, CBN, THC,Δ8-THC, and CBC. The cannabinoids are each quantified by their ownindividual calibration curves generated with analytical referencestandards (Restek) and all use tricosane as the internal standard. Theretention time of THCV was determined by analyzing THV01 (vide infra) byGCMS, however since analytical standards were not available it was“quantified” by referencing the calibration curve for THC.

There was no need to consider chromatographic separation of acidic formsof the cannabinoids due to their immediate conversion to neutral form inthe heated injector of the instrument, although a thorough study of theconversion efficiency of THCA was performed and is discussed in sectioniv. (orthogonal analyses of all samples).

The instrumentation includes a Clarus 680 gas chromatograph (GC)equipped with an autosampler, an Elite-1column (Perkin Elmer (Waltham,MA), 30 m length, 0.25 mm internal diameter, 0.25 µm thickness filmdiameter) and a flame ionization detector (FID). Instrument control anddata acquisition and analyses was accomplished by TotalChrom softwareversion 1.2.3.4 (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA).

Calibration curves were generated by injecting each standard intriplicate and the RSDs provided the measure of precision while theabsolute accuracy was determined by comparing the concentrations of thestandards predicted by the calibration curve to their “known” valuesdetermined by dilution ratios. AOAC International standards for accuracyand precision were used as quality guidelines for every calibration.Check standards were run at the start, middle, and end of everyanalysis, and recalibration was performed when they varied more than +/-5% of their initial average response. Levels that failed the acceptancecriteria and analytes were not quantified at those levels untilrecalibration of the instrument corrected the deficiency. Due to thevery linear nature of the FID detector, the GC-FID cannabinoid assaygenerally provided satisfactory results over nearly two orders ofmagnitude (up to 1.0 mg/mL), however in order to use the samecalibration solutions and “validation” procedures for both GC and HPLCthe range was reduced to that of the HPLC method. Based on the samplemass extracted (500 mg) and a 3 ×3mL extraction (low oil samples), a 1:3dilution provided quantitation of cannabinoid levels from 0.09-1.35% andthe 1:40 dilution from 1.15-18% in the plant matrix. A 3 ×5mL extraction(high oil samples, typical), a 1:3 dilution provided quantitation ofcannabinoid levels from 0.14-2.25% and the 1:40 dilution from 1.9-30% inthe plant matrix.

III. Cannabinoids by High Performance Liquid Chromatography - PhotoDiode Array detector (HPLC-PDA)

An HPLC-PDA (also known as HPLC-DAD, or simply HPLC) assay was developedas an orthogonal method to GC-FID for cannabinoid analyses. This methodquantifies six neutral cannabinoids (CBD, CBG, CBN, THC, Δ8-THC, andCBC) as well as THCA based on calibration curves generated withanalytical standards and an internal reference standard (ibuprofen). Theonly acidic cannabinoid that is readily available as an analyticalstandard in the United States is THCA, so levels of CBDA, CBGA, andTHCVA are estimated by reference to THCA calibration.

All HPLC analyses were performed using a Perkin Elmer (Waltham, MA) HPLCsystem comprised of a Flexar FX-15 binary pump, a Flexar 5-CH solventmanager, an FX UHPLC autosampler, and a Peltier LC column oven. UV datawas collected at 228 nm and 280 nm with a Flexar FX-PDA UHPLC detector.Chromatography was performed on a Brownlee SPP C18 column (PKI N9308411,2.7 µm, 3.0×150 mm), protected by a Brownlee SPP C18 guard column (2.7µm, 2.1×5 mm). HPLC system control, data acquisition and analyses wereperformed with Chromera software version 3.4.1.5904.

Calibration was achieved by performing a five-point calibration curve(0.016 - 0.25 mg/mL for each analyte) followed by linear regressionanalysis. This analysis was performed with Microsoft Excel (Redmond, WA)software. The calibration curves were generated by injecting eachstandard in triplicate and the RSDs provided the measure of precisionwhile the absolute accuracy was determined by comparing theconcentrations of the standards predicted by the calibration curve totheir “known” values determined by dilution ratios. AOAC Internationalstandards for accuracy and precision were used as quality guidelines forevery calibration. Check standards were run at the start, middle, andend of every analysis, and recalibration was performed when they variedmore than +/- 5% of their initial average response.

IV. Orthogonal Analyses of All Samples

The cannabinoid content was quantified by both GC-FID and HPLC. The maindifference between GC and HPLC is that GC involves thermal stress andmainly resolves analytes by boiling points while HPLC does not involveheat and mainly resolves analytes by polarity. There are several reasonsthat this orthogonal approach to analyses is desirable for highlyaccurate and reproducible results in determining chemotype. The firstreason is related to the difference between the cannabinoids producednaturally by the plant (the acidic cannabinoids) and those that arebioactive (the neutral cannabinoids). Cannabis biosynthesizes all thecannabinoids in their relatively unstable acidic forms, and these formsare generally not bioactive in the traditional sense. The application ofheat (flame, vaporizer, oven, etc) causes a loss of the carboxylic acidgroup and generates the neutral forms of the cannabinoids, which aregenerally the bioactive forms that are sought after, however thisprocess is highly variable and not quantitative. If one wants to knowthe native phytochemical profile of the plant then HPLC should be usedsince this assay does not involve heat. If one wants to know thepossible available amount of bioactive cannabinoids, then GC should beused since conversion to these forms in the injector of the GC is aninherent part of the analytical method.

The second reason is also related to the difference between the acidicand neutral cannabinoids, but has to do with the availability ofanalytical standards to calibrate the instruments. While all of theneutral cannabinoids (THC, CBG, CBC, CBD, and CBN) are available asanalytical standards, THCA is the only acidic cannabinoid available asan analytical standard and the instruments were only calibrated forquantification using actual analytical standards. Technically the HPLCassay could characterize the naturally occurring chemotypes, but theacidic analytes are not available as standards, so this quantificationis approximate and considered for information only. The acidic analytesare all quantified by reference to the calibration curve for THCA, andthis is not an unreasonable assumption as many of them haveapproximately the same spectral properties. The GC assay is calibratedwith analytical standards, but these are the neutral cannabinoids andtheir formation from the naturally occurring acidic cannabinoids in theGC injector is not quantitative, which complicates exactcharacterization of the naturally occurring chemotype.

The final reason is simply to have an internal crosscheck of our resultsby using orthogonal testing methods. Each type of assay (GC and HPLC)has its strengths and weaknesses, and by using both methods one cancompare results and ensure that both the identification and quantitationof the components are accurate. A caveat to this, as mentioned above, isthat the conversion of the acidic forms to the neutral forms is notquantitative due to thermal degradation. Under the highly optimizedconditions of a GC injector we have found conversion can vary between75-85% (for analytical THCA standards), while cannabis samples generallyhave a conversion of 70-80%. Similar conversion rates are also describedin literature for highly optimized analytical instruments (Dussy et al.2004). Because of this incomplete conversion our GC results areconsistently 20-30% lower than the HPLC results for cannabis samples.This same conversion efficiency can be applied to estimate the maximumavailability of THC based on THCA content when smoking or vaporizingcannabis.

V. Method “Validation”

In order to demonstrate the performance of a method of analysis, asystematic process known and method validation can be carried out. Thisprocess demonstrates the method is fit for its intended purpose and isnecessary for the confident use of that method, providing assurance thatthe results that are reported are precise, accurate, and reflective ofthe sample. Very few labs in the cannabis industry attempt to validatetheir assays and this fact, combined with inappropriate sampling haveresulted in erroneous data for several varieties. In order to validatethe analytical methods employed for this project, an abbreviatedprotocol similar to Single Laboratory Validation (SLV) was carried out.Assay “validation” was carried out by spiking blank matrix with theanalytes at low, med, and high concentrations and carrying out the assayprocedure in replicate (n=5). While some analytes provided betterresults than others the analyte RSDs, recoveries, and precisions atthese concentrations satisfied AOAC guidance (based on mg/mL). Ingeneral the RSDs for the terpenes at the low, medium, and highconcentrations (varied by terpene but generally 0.016, 0.125, and 1.0mg/mL) were less than 5%, 4%, and 3% respectively. The absolute bias forthese analytes was generally less than 10%, 4%, and 2%. In general theRSDs for the cannabinoids by both GC and HPLC at the low, medium, andhigh concentrations (0.016, 0.61, and 0.250 mg/mL) were less than 2%,2%, and 1% respectively. The absolute bias for these analytes wasgenerally less than 10%, 2%, and 2%. The assays all providedsatisfactory S/N ratios at the lowest level and this was initially takenas the LOQ. After subsequent re-calibrations (n=3 at each level), theLOQ was taken as the lowest level of the calibration curve that providedacceptable accuracy (<10% error) determined by comparing the knownconcentration levels (determined by dilution ratios) to the predictedlevels (obtained from the signal and calibration curve).

The error between the known and measured values establishes the accuracyof the method and verifies that real samples do not present any matrixeffects that influence the resulting measurements. The precision, orcloseness of individual measurements, of the method is also determinedby carrying out all analyses in replicate (n=5). Guidance for acceptablevalues was taken from publications provided by the AOAC.

The in-house validation revealed that the above-described chemicalanalysis methods were accurate and reliable, and the use of orthogonalmethods of analyses provided an internal check on the assays as well asan understanding of the use of GC to analyze thermally unstablemolecules. Using multiple dilution ratios kept samples in the linearranges of the assays, and method validation verified that precise andaccurate results were obtained.

Example 2. Proprietary Parental Variety Phenotypes

More detailed descriptions of the development and characteristics ofrepresentative Parental Classes of Cannabis Varieties of the presentinvention are provided below. In some embodiments, the THC parentalvarieties of the present invention were selected for their morphologiesand desirable phenotypes.

GOD13

Description of Breeding Stock. Inflorescences were obtained for a landrace of Gold class varieties and seeds from these inflorescences wereisolated and put into conditions proper for their germination. The seedswhich germinated grew identically. However, upon flower onset, theseedlings were selected for the strongest limonene/Pine-Sol fragranceand narrowed to two phenotypes. Of these, the individual phenotype withthe best user experience based on testing was selected to create GO13, avariety classified into the Gold Class.

Hypothesized Genetics. Cannabis indica ssp. afghanica WLD “PurpleAfghan” x C. indica ssp. indica var. indochinensis NLD “Lemon Thai” x C.indica ssp. kafiristanica NLDA.

Propagation and Vegetative Growth. Cuttings from GO13 are marked by3-finger leaflet sets with internode buds asymmetrically located onalternate sides on main shoot. In particular, the internode space ofthis variety tends to be greater than that of other gold class varietiesand stems harden quicker. Roots nodes appear with 7-10 days and rootswithin 10-14 days. The GOD13 grows extremely tall and thin with extremestretching and asymmetrical bud and leaf sets. When root system is notlimited or pruned, this variety of gold class varieties exhibitsunparalleled vigor and stretch. Vegetative growth is marked by a deepblue-green (Munsell ID) hue with lime green thin stalks. Petioles aremarked by purple pointillism increasing on sides exposed to light andthe end closest to palm of the leaflet set. Root bodies are typicallyfull and bright white. Stalks radiate a pungent smell of body odor orurine. Canopy extremely sparse and apical dominance can be disruptedeasily with removal of apical meristem. Main stems also exhibitpurpling, but inflorescences are not purple.

Onset of Flowering and Inflorescences. Leaves are 3 and 5 leafletpatterns with 3 being predominant and overall decreasing to 1 and tonone in the presence of female flowers.

Female flowers are spread out due to the large internode spacing. Uponflower set, buds and supporting structures (stems, leaves, etc.) arequickly covered with an extremely dense field of trichome bodies. Again,this variety tends to be more densely covered with trichome bodies thanits parent and other gold class varieties. In fact, the inflorescencesare very dense and have large calyxes covered in highly resinous glandsthat exhibit this variety’s distinct lemon Pine-Sol scent after only7-10 days. As inflorescences mature, the density compact sets give wayto foxtailing and ‘reaching’ by individual calyxes, resulting in anoverall increase in surface area dedicated to trichome production. Inparticular, the oily character of these flowers set this gold classapart from its parent and other gold class varieties. Textures areextremely sticky and fibrous. Stems do not ‘break’ they tear, but remainattached via intense fiber strands.

Description of Finished Flower. GO13 consistently produces among thehighest THCA levels of cannabis known in California and is often notedfor an intense and crushing physical effect combined with a sublime andinspiring mental flight. Aromas of lemon peel, fuel and Pine-Sol combineto produce a pure menthol exhalation when smoked. Noted for excellentappetite and sexual stimulation often accompanied by uninterruptedsleep.

Description of Planting, Harvesting and Processing of the Plants. Thisvariety is asexually propagated via taking cuttings of shoots andputting them in rock wool cubes. These cubes were presoaked with pHadjusted water and kept warm (~80° C.). Full trays were covered, leftunder 18 hours of light and allowed to root (7-14 days). Upon rootonset, the plantlets were transplanted into rigid 1 gallon containersfilled with a proprietary soil mix A and remain in 18 hours of daylightfor another 14-21 days. Once root bound, plants are transplanted intorigid 3 gallon containers filled with proprietary soil mix B.Immediately, the light cycle is altered to 12/12 and flower initiatingbegins. The plants remain in 12/12 lighting until harvesting. Theyundergo a propriety nutrient regimen and grow as undisturbed as possiblefor 60-70 days depending on chemotype analysis.

All sun leaves are removed and plant dismantled to result inapproximately 12″ branches covered in inflorescences and trichomes. Thegoal in harvesting is to realize that we are actually harvestingtrichome heads but not ‘buds’. Thus, great care is taken not to disturbthe trichome heads and as much of the plant remains intact as possibleto promote even and slow drying.

Yield Data. Yield determined on a ‘per plant’ basis and determined byspecified cultivation techniques employed. In this case, indoorControlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) technique following theprotocol described elsewhere herein. Flower onset was initiated with12/12 day/night at approximately 12″ in vegetative height. Total biomass~150 g, finished flowers ~50 g, and/or ~50 g of seed per plant.

Potential Uses of this Line. Potential uses of GO13 include but are notlimited to medical applications, as a source for extractions of plantconstituents and chemicals, for commercial raw materials, fiber andpulp.

Patient Testimonials/Comments and Visual Observations. Patients raveabout the flavor and ‘oily’ composition by comparison to other Goldclass varieties. In fact, besides the extremely high potency from itscombined cannabinoid/terpenoid ‘entourage effects”, this line of goldclass has been noted by patients for being particularly effective forsexual and appetite stimulation.

Palatable CBDA varieties with ideal CBDA:THCA ratio can be developedfrom GO13 to reduce side-effects associated with extant recreationalcannabis varieties related to GO13. Additionally reduced THCA varietiescan be developed that are intended to reduce side-effects from extantrecreational cannabis varieties related to GO13.

Flavor when smoked includes distinct citrus and mentholated notes.Significant analgesia accompanies its deep range of effects, but withlittle sedation, but the “rising/falling” physical sensations associatedwith gold class. Some patients have compared its flavor to bergamotorange. Patients also remark on the “clarity” of this variety’spsychoactivity, with less sedation and disorientation, and withconsiderable euphoria.

Its aroma has been characterized as a tangy, sharp, naphthalene aromawith orange notes and a sweet undertone. Also the range ofpharmacologically active terpenoids that this variety produces provide asignificant “entourage effect” that accompanies the effects of its THCcontent. While it stimulates appetite, it does not appear to encourageovereating.

BR05

Description of Breeding Stock. Inflorescences were obtained for alandrace of Haze and seeds from these inflorescences were isolated andput into conditions proper for their germination.

The seeds which germinated grew identically, being short and squattywith purple leaves and ‘sweet’ scent, with one exception which was talland stretchy with a savory and musty scent. There was absolutely nosweetness in the smell of BRO5. Testing proved that its effects were themost enjoyable and virtually myrcene free. The lack of myrcene andpresence of pinene and limonene is quite rare and sets this varietyapart from most cannabis varieties.

Upon flower onset, the seedlings were selected for being short andsquatty with purple leaves and ‘berry’ scent to create BRO5, a varietyclassified into the Gold Class.

Hypothesized Genetics. “NL#5 x Haze x inbred Thai”

Propagation and Vegetative Growth. Cuttings from BRO5 are marked by9-finger very thin leaflet sets with internode buds asymmetricallylocated on alternate sides on main shoot. In particular, the internodespace of this variety tends to be extremely large. Stems are tall, frailand stretchy. Cuttings roots appear within 10-14 days. The BRO5 growstall and stretchy with flimsy stems. It possesses the classicnarrow-leafleted morphology associated with 1970’s Haze cultivars thatwere inherited from Haze’s tropical drug cannabis parents, includingColombian and Thai varieties.

BRO5 grows with asymmetrical bud and leaf sets. Vegetative growth ismarked by a lightened green (Munsell ID) hue with lime green thinstalks. Leaflets are longer and narrower than most of drug cannabisvarieties.

BRO5 displays vigorous hybrid character.

There is little or no purple on this plant until the final weeks offlowering. Leaves turn deep purple with flowers silvering up as timegoes on. Stalks radiate a ‘hazy’ or musty urine scent. Canopy extremelysparse and topping near flowering is encouraged for even growth.

Onset of Flowering and Inflorescences. Leaves are 9 and 7 leafletpatterns with 7 being predominant and overall decreasing to 1 and tonone in the presence of female flowers. In particular, flower onset isvery slow with this variety. ‘Hairy’ flowers are not very dense. Femaleflowers are spread apart due to the large internode spacing.

Upon flower set, buds and supporting structures (stems, leaves, etc.)take longer than most to become covered with trichome bodies. Everythingabout this plant takes longer. As inflorescences mature, they becomemore hardened and dense. In particular, the oily character of theseflowers was the driving force for selection.

Description of Finished Flower. BRO5 defines heady, hazy medicine withhighly functional mental effects. This variety has the structure andscent of the BRO5 lines famous around the world. With aromas of spiceand anise, the hashish flavor when smoked is enlightening.

BRO5 is noted for mood elevation, inspiration and creativity and is alsolikely to improve home hygiene.

Chemotype Description for Patient. Relative potency: strong. HeadspaceTerpenes: pinenes, limonene. Caryophyllene content: high.

Description of Planting, Harvesting and Processing of the Plants. Thisvariety is asexually propagated via taking cuttings of shoots andputting them in rock wool cubes. These cubes were presoaked with pHadjusted water and kept warm (~80° C.). Full trays were covered, leftunder 18 hours of light and allowed to root (7-14 days).

Upon root onset, the plantlets were transplanted into rigid 1 galloncontainers filled with a proprietary soil mix A and remain in 18 hoursof daylight for another 14-21 days. Once root bound, plants aretransplanted into rigid 3 gallon containers filled with proprietary soilmix B. Immediately, the light cycle is altered to 12/12 and flowerinitiating begins. The plants remain in 12/12 lighting until harvesting.They undergo a propriety nutrient regimen and grow as undisturbed aspossible for 60-70 days depending on chemotype analysis.

All sun leaves are removed and plant dismantled to result inapproximately 12″ branches covered in inflorescences and trichomes. Thegoal in harvesting is to realize that we are actually harvestingtrichome heads but not ‘buds’. Thus, great care is taken not to disturbthe trichome heads and as much of the plant remains intact as possibleto promote even and slow drying. Slow drying followed by a one to twomonth curing process.

Yield Data. Yield determined on a ‘per plant’ basis and determined byspecified cultivation techniques employed. In this case, indoor CEAtechnique following the protocol described elsewhere herein. Floweronset was initiated with 12/12 day/night at approximately 16″ invegetative height. Organic mix of soil in fabric pots, a regimen ofnutrients following standard NPK feeding schedules and addition ofproprietary mixture. Flower onset was initiated with 12/12 day/nightwhen plant reached approximately 16″ in vegetative height..

Potential Uses of this Line. Potential uses of BRO5 include but are notlimited to medical applications, extractions, commercial raw material(chemical), fiber and pulp.

Patient Testimonials/Comments and Visual Observations. Patients raveabout the great experience of using BRO5. The effects are mindstimulating with some visual ‘crispness’. The patients often commentthat this variety is good for the ‘new’ user because of its lower THCconcentration and the ‘clarity’ of the experience.

SIL04

Description of Breeding Stock. Inflorescences were obtained for aproprietary breeding program and seeds from these inflorescences wereisolated and put into conditions proper for their germination. The seedswhich germinated grew identically. The resulting plants were thencrossed with GO13 plants and seeds were planted and germinated forselection based on oil content of the plants. Plants with higher oilcontent were selected to create SIL04.

Hypothesized Genetics. “Cannabis indica ssp. afghanica WLD “SB Purple” xC. indica ssp. indica NLD x C. indica ssp. kafiristanicaNLDA”

Propagation and Vegetative Growth. Cuttings from SIL04 are marked by5-finger leaflet sets with internode buds asymmetrically located onalternate sides on main shoot. In particular, the internode space ofthis variety tends to be longer and stalks thinner (~4-8″ veg,decreasing flower onset). Plants are tall, stretchy and productive.Roots of the cuttings appear within 10-14 days.

The SIL04 grows tall and stretchy and exhibits little or no apicaldominance. SIL04 grows with asymmetrical bud and leaf sets. Vegetativegrowth is marked by a lavish green (Munsell ID) hue with greenundersides and hard wood like stalks. When healthy, fan leaves areextremely jagged and serrations are very pronounced.

The stems are strong and fibrous, but extremely thin. The standoutquality of SIL04 is the amount of trichomes and their density. Theflower sets look ‘frosty’ before most other varieties.

Stalks are vanilla spice scent.

Canopy is extremely sparse with clustered bud formation. Toppingextremely encouraged.

Onset of Flowering and Inflorescences. Leaves are 5 leaflet patternswith 5 being predominant and overall decreasing to 1 and to none in thepresence of female flowers. In particular, flower onset is fast bycomparison to most varieties.

Trichome density and smell are almost immediate. Female flowers arespear-shaped, dense and thick although relatively large internodelengths. Again, this variety tends to be more densely covered withtrichome bodies than most other varieties.

The flowers are compact and well-formed in the shape of small pinecones.As inflorescences mature, the density compact sets compound to formbright orange and silver flowers that give way to yellow and purple sunleaves.

Plants are marked by unusually high oil mass content and extremely densesmall resinous buds.

Apical inflorescences are often smaller than lowers. Inflorescencesparticularly are resistant to fungal infestation due to compact oilflowers.

Description of Finished Flower. SIL04 (a.k.a., internally known as‘Heiress’ or “Oily Heiress) was bred from a dream team of cannabisgenetics: Northern Lights x Haze, Santa Barbara Purps, a Midwest G-13and the aforementioned GO13. The chemotype of this variety is indicativeof this diverse genetic heritage. The aroma consists of vanilla,grapefruit, and even has petroleum notes, but a rich creamy vanillaflavor emerges when smoked. Noted for its rare combination of clarityand profound potency, it delivers functional and long lastinginspiration and positivity.

Description of Planting, Harvesting and Processing of the Plants. Thisvariety is asexually propagated via taking cuttings of shoots andputting them in rock wool cubes. These cubes were presoaked with pHadjusted water and kept warm (~80° C.). Full trays were covered, leftunder 18 hours of light and allowed to root (7-14 days).

Upon root onset, the plantlets were transplanted into rigid 1 galloncontainers filled with a proprietary soil mix A and remain in 18 hoursof daylight for another 14-21 days. Once root bound, plants aretransplanted into rigid 3 gallon containers filled with proprietary soilmix B. Immediately, the light cycle is altered to 12/12 and flowerinitiating begins. The plants remain in 12/12 lighting until harvesting.They undergo a propriety nutrient regimen and grow as undisturbed aspossible for 60-70 days depending on chemotype analysis.

All sun leaves are removed and plant dismantled to result inapproximately 12″ branches covered in inflorescences and trichomes. Thegoal in harvesting is to realize that one is actually harvestingtrichome heads but not ‘buds’. Thus, great care is taken not to disturbthe trichome heads and as much of the plant remains intact as possibleto promote even and slow drying. Slow drying followed by a one to twomonth curing process.

Yield Data. Yield was determined on a ‘per plant’ basis and determinedby specified cultivation techniques employed. In this case, indoor CEAtechnique following the protocol described elsewhere herein. Floweronset was initiated with 12/12 day/night at approximately 16″ invegetative height. Total biomass ~120 g, finished flowers ~40 g, and/or~30 g of seed per plant.

Potential Uses of this Line. Potential uses of SIL04 include but are notlimited to medical applications, extractions, commercial raw material(e.g., chemical), fiber and pulp.

Patient Testimonials/Comments and Visual Observations. Very interestingfrom an organoleptic standpoint (sweet Amsterdam flavor) and acaryophyllene content standpoint. SIL04 produces a happy laughing high,with the classic combusted aroma of 1990’s landrace varieties of thesame cannabis class.

WHI04

Description of Breeding Stock. Inflorescences were obtained for alandrace of WHI04 and seeds from these inflorescences were isolated andput into conditions proper for their germination. The seeds whichgerminated grew fairly similarly. However, upon flower onset, theseedlings were selected for trichome density, leaflet width and rootvigor to create WHI04.

Hypothesized Genetics. “Cannabis indica ssp. afghanica WLD”

Propagation and Vegetative Growth. Cuttings from WHI04 are marked by7-finger leaflet sets with internode buds asymmetrically located onalternate sides on main shoot. In particular, the internode space ofthis variety tends to be greater than that of other Silver varieties andstems harden more slowly. In particular, the cutting roots more rapidlythan other Silver varieties. In fact, the root bodies of the plant arethe most robust and vigorous of all cannabis plants tested in ourlaboratory. Root time varies with nodes appearing within 7-10 days androots within 10-14 days.

The WHI04 grows medium in stature with stocky branches and stalks. Evengrowth throughout with asymmetrical bud and leaf sets. Vegetative growthis marked by a deep blue-green (Munsell ID) hue with lime green thinstalks. Leaflets are fat and exhibit classic recreational ‘indica’ look.These broad leaflets are indicative of this variety. Petioles are markedby purple pointillism increasing on sides exposed to light and the endclosest to palm of the leaflet set. Root bodies are typically full andbright white. Stalks radiate a pungent smell of bubble gum coffee andgreen class. Canopy extremely sparse and apical dominance can be clearlyobserved and removal of apical meristem often results in stunted growth.Main stems may also exhibit purpling, and inflorescences sets are large,but spread out.

Onset of Flowering and Inflorescences. Leaves are 7 and 5 leafletpatterns with 3 being predominant and overall decreasing to 1 and tonone in the presence of female flowers. Female flowers are spread outdue to the large internode spacing.

Upon flower set, buds and supporting structures (stems, leaves, etc.)are quickly covered with an extremely dense field of trichome bodies.Again, this variety tends to be more densely covered with trichomebodies than its parent and other Silver varieties. In fact, theinflorescences are very dense and have large calyxes covered in highlyresinous glands that exhibit this variety’s distinct lemon Pine-Solscent after only 7-10 days.

As inflorescences mature, the dense and compact calyx clusters or flowersets give way to foxtailing and ‘reaching’ by individual calyxes,resulting in an overall increase in surface area dedicated to trichomeproduction. In particular, the oily character of these flowers set WHI04apart from its parent and other Silver varieties. Textures are extremelysticky and fibrous. Stems do not ‘break’ they tear, but remain attachedvia intense fiber strands.

Description of Finished Flower. WHI04 has descended from the greatAfghan hashish cannabis cultivars and is a nearly perfect choice forvaporization. The resin content delivers a range of tastes and effectswith each draw.

The aroma consists of coffee, spice and exotic incense. This variety isnoted for its ability to mellow without sedation or fatigue, excellentanalgesic effects and deep introspection.

Chemotype Description for Patient. Relative potency: mild. HeadspaceTerpenes: pinenes, myrcene, limonene, linalool. Caryophyllene content:medium

Description of Planting, Harvesting and Processing of the Plants. Thisvariety is asexually propagated via taking cuttings of shoots andputting them in rock wool cubes. These cubes were presoaked with pHadjusted water and kept warm (~80° C.). Full trays were covered, leftunder 18 hours of light and allowed to root (7-14 days).

Upon root onset, the plantlets were transplanted into rigid 1 galloncontainers filled with a proprietary soil mix A and remain in 18 hoursof daylight for another 14-21 days. Once root bound, plants aretransplanted into rigid 3 gallon containers filled with proprietary soilmix B. Immediately, the light cycle is altered to 12/12 and flowerinitiating begins. The plants remain in 12/12 lighting until harvesting.They undergo a propriety nutrient regimen and grow as undisturbed aspossible for 60-70 days depending on chemotype analysis.

All sun leaves are removed and plant dismantled to result inapproximately 12″ branches covered in inflorescences and trichomes. Thegoal in harvesting is to realize that we are actually harvestingtrichome heads but not the ‘buds’. Thus, great care is taken not todisturb the trichome heads and as much of the plant remains intact aspossible to promote even and slow drying. Slow drying followed by a oneto two month curing process.

Yield Data. Yield was determined on a ‘per plant’ basis and determinedby specified cultivation techniques employed. In this case, indoor CEAtechnique following the protocol described elsewhere herein.

Flower onset was initiated with 12/12 day/night at approximately 12″ invegetative height. Total biomass ~120 g, finished flowers ~30 g, and/or~15 g of seed per plant.

Potential Uses of this Line. Potential uses of WHI04 include but are notlimited to medical applications, extractions, commercial raw material(e.g., chemical), fiber and pulp.

Patient Testimonials/Comments and Visual Observations. Patients raveabout the coffee flavor and ‘oily’ and ‘silver’ composition of WHI04. Infact, besides the mellow effects, WHI04 is particularly noted fortreating pain and inspiration.

RED08

Description of Breeding Stock. Inflorescences were obtained from a DJShort’s Flo (a.k.a. DJ’s Flo) pollinated by a hermaphroditic Hawaiianplant and seeds from these inflorescences were isolated and put intoconditions proper for their germination.

The seeds which germinated grew very uniformly in appearance. However,the seedlings were selected for vigorous phenotype with highest trichomedensity and ‘oily’ feel of resin glands to create RED08.

Hypothesized Genetics. “1995 Hawaiian Bag Seed x Thai”.

Propagation and Vegetative Growth. Cuttings from RED08 are marked by7-finger leaflet sets with internode buds asymmetrically located onalternate sides on main shoot. In particular, the internode space ofthis variety tends to be medium-stretchy (~4″ veg, decreasing floweronset). Plants are tall, robust and lanky. Cuttings root within 10-14days.

The RED08 grows tall and stout with mixed apical dominance.

RED08 grows with asymmetrical bud and leaf sets. Vegetative growth ismarked by a deeper off green (Munsell ID) hue with deep purple stronghollow stalks.

When healthy, sun leaves are gigantic with magenta and purple under sidecoloring. Plants have super vigor and hybrid character. RED08’sstand-out quality feature is the high amount of trichomes and the highamount of oil. Stalks have a pungent ‘medical’ scent. Plant canopy isdense with large cola formation. Topping encouraged.

Onset of Flowering and Inflorescences. Leaves are 7 leaflet patternswith 7 being predominant and overall decreasing to 1 and to none in thepresence of female flowers. In particular, flower onset is medium-fastby comparison to most varieties. Trichome density and smell are almostimmediate. Female flowers are clustered to do decreased internodespacing. Again, this variety tends to be more densely covered withtrichome bodies than its parents and other varieties. In fact, theinflorescences are very dense and have large calyxes covered in highlyresinous glands that exhibit this variety’s distinct blueberry pinemedicine/medicinal scent after only 7-10 days.

As inflorescences mature, the density compact sets compound to formbright green and extremely oily buds. In particular, the oily characterof these flowers set this its parent and phenotypes.

Description of Planting, Harvesting and Processing of the Plants. Thisvariety is asexually propagated via taking cuttings of shoots andputting them in rock wool cubes. These cubes were presoaked with pHadjusted water and kept warm (~80° C.). Full trays were covered, leftunder 18 hours of light and allowed to root (7-14 days).

Upon root onset, the plantlets were transplanted into rigid 1 galloncontainers filled with a proprietary soil mix A and remain in 18 hoursof daylight for another 14-21 days. Once root bound, plants aretransplanted into rigid 3 gallon containers filled with proprietary soilmix B. Immediately, the light cycle is altered to 12/12 and flowerinitiating begins.

The plants remain in 12/12 lighting until harvesting. They undergo apropriety nutrient regimen and grow as undisturbed as possible for 60-70days depending on chemotype analysis.

All sun leaves are removed and plant dismantled to result inapproximately 12″ branches covered in inflorescences and trichomes. Thegoal in harvesting is to realize that we are actually harvestingtrichome heads but not ‘buds’. Thus, great care is taken not to disturbthe trichome heads and as much of the plant remains intact as possibleto promote even and slow drying. Slow drying followed by a one to twomonth curing process.

Potential Uses of this Line. Potential uses of RED08 include but are notlimited to medical applications, extractions, commercial raw material(e.g., chemical), fiber and pulp.

Patient Testimonials/Comments and Visual Observations. RED08 is veryinteresting from an organoleptic standpoint and it is unique in almostall visual categories.

SIL03

Description of Breeding Stock. Inflorescences were obtained from a, andselfed seeds from these plants were germinated. The seeds whichgerminated grew very similarly. The resulting seedlings were selectedfor vigor.

Hypothesized Genetics. “Cannabis indica ssp. afghanica WLD “CherryAfghan” x C. indica ssp. indica NLD hybrid

Propagation and Vegetative Growth. Cuttings from SIL03 are marked by7-finger leaflet sets with internode buds asymmetrically located onalternate sides on main shoot. In particular, the internode space ofthis variety tends to be medium-stretchy (~4″ veg, decreasing floweronset). The plants are tall, robust and lanky. Cuttings root within10-14 days.

The SIL03 grows tall and strong with little apical dominance. SIL03grows with asymmetrical bud and leaf sets.

Vegetative growth is marked by a lighter shade of green (Munsell ID) huewith deep purple strong hollow stalks. When healthy, sun leaves arepoint upward toward light source.

The stems are strong and fibrous. The plants are super vigorous andhybrid in character. The stand-out quality is the high amount oftrichomes and the high amount of oil. Stalks have a sweet scent. Canopyis dense with large cola formation. Topping encouraged.

Onset of Flowering and Inflorescences. Leaves are 7 leaflet patternswith 7 being predominant and overall decreasing to 1 and to none in thepresence of female flowers. In particular, flower onset is medium-fastby comparison to most varieties.

Trichome density and smell are almost immediate. Female flowers areclustered to do decreased internode spacing. Again, this variety tendsto be more densely covered with trichome bodies than its parents andother varieties. In fact, the inflorescences are very dense and havelarge calyxes covered in highly resinous glands that exhibit thisvariety’s distinct blueberry pine medicine/medicinal scent after only7-10 days.

As inflorescences mature, the dense and compact calyx clusters or flowersets form bright green and extremely oily buds. In particular, the oilycharacter of these flowers set this variety apart from its parent andphenotypes.

Description of Finished Flower. SIL03 combines a beautifully sweetcherry WLD Afghan with a NLD to deliver a strong, cheerful, dreamypsychoactivity. This variety produces a pleasant silliness and a‘where’d I put my keys!?’ memory effect and obliterates most patienttroubles.

Aroma consists of cherry cough drops, fresh strawberries and just a hintof spice. SIL03 is often noted for long-lasting effects and positivemood impact.

Description of Planting, Harvesting and Processing of the Plants. Thisvariety is asexually propagated via taking cuttings of shoots andputting them in rock wool cubes. These cubes were presoaked with pHadjusted water and kept warm (~80° C.). Full trays were covered, leftunder 18 hours of light and allowed to root (7-14 days).

Upon root onset, the plantlets were transplanted into rigid 1 galloncontainers filled with a proprietary soil mix A and remain in 18 hoursof daylight for another 14-21 days. Once root bound, plants aretransplanted into rigid 3 gallon containers filled with proprietary soilmix B. Immediately, the light cycle is altered to 12/12 and flowerinitiating begins. The plants remain in 12/12 lighting until harvesting.They undergo a propriety nutrient regimen and grow as undisturbed aspossible for 60-70 days depending on chemotype analysis.

All sun leaves are removed and plant dismantled to result inapproximately 12″ branches covered in inflorescences and trichomes. Thegoal in harvesting is to realize that we are actually harvestingtrichome heads but not ‘buds’. Thus, great care is taken not to disturbthe trichome heads and as much of the plant remains intact as possibleto promote even and slow drying. Slow drying followed by a one to twomonth curing process.

Yield Data. Yield was determined on a ‘per plant’ basis and determinedby specified cultivation techniques employed. In this case, indoor CEAtechnique following the protocol described elsewhere herein. Floweronset was initiated with 12/12 day/night at approximately 16″ invegetative height. Total biomass ~180 g, finished flowers ~60 g, and/or~50 g of seed per plant.

Potential Uses of this Line. Potential uses of SIL03 include but are notlimited to medical applications, extractions, commercial raw material(e.g., chemical), fiber and pulp.

Patient Testimonials/Comments and Visual Observations. Noted as beingvery interesting from an organoleptic standpoint. SIL03 is unique inalmost all visual categories.

GRE01

Description of Breeding Stock. Inflorescences were obtained and isolatedand put into conditions proper for their germination.

The seeds which germinated grew identically. However, the seedlings wereselected for the phenotype that is more densely covered in trichomes,where the oil content of the gland heads was higher than otherphenotypes of this variety.

Hypothesized Genetics. “Cannabis indica ssp. afghanica WLD “Afghan #1” xC. indica ssp. indica NLD hybrid

Propagation and Vegetative Growth. Cuttings from GRE01 are marked by9-finger very thin leaflet sets with internode buds asymmetricallylocated on alternate sides on main shoot. In particular, the internodespace of this variety tends to be extremely large. Plants are tall,frail and stretchy. Cuttings root appears within 10-14 days.

GRE01 grows tall and stretchy with flimsy stems and embodies what itmeans to be a true hybrid.

GRE01 grows with asymmetrical bud and leaf sets. Vegetative growth ismarked by a lush green (Munsell ID) hue with lime green thin stalks.

Leaflets are longer and thinner than varieties. Plants have a vigoroushybrid character. GRE01 has little or no purple color on the plant. Thestand-out quality is the high amount of trichomes and the high amount ofoil. Plant stalks have a sweet citrus ‘creamsicle’ scent.

Plant canopy is dense and even topping near flowering is encouraged foreven growth.

Onset of Flowering and Inflorescences. Leaves are 9 and 7 leafletpatterns with 7 being predominant and overall decreasing to 1 and tonone in the presence of female flowers. In particular, flower onset isfast by comparison to most varieties.

Trichome density and smell are almost immediate. Female flowers areclustered to do decreased internode spacing. Again, this variety tendsto be more densely covered with trichome bodies than its parent andother green class varieties. In fact, the inflorescences are very denseand have large calyxes covered in highly resinous glands that exhibitthis variety’s distinct green class creamsicle scent after only 7-10days. As inflorescences mature, the density compact sets compound toform orange and bright green extremely oily buds. In particular, theoily character of these flowers set this green class apart from itsparent and other green class varieties.

Description of Finished Flower. GRE01 defines sweet, deliciousmedicine/medicinal with functional mental effects. This variety hasresin production akin to Afghan and psychoactivity reminiscent oforiginal Green class.

GRE01 has aromas of citrus, brown sugar, and banana nut bread combine toproduce a fantastic fruity hashish flavor when smoked. It is noted formood elevation and daytime bursts of energy that provide for short-termpain relief.

Description of Planting, Harvesting and Processing of the Plants. Thisvariety is asexually propagated via taking cuttings of shoots andputting them in rock wool cubes. These cubes were presoaked with pHadjusted water and kept warm (~80° C.). Full trays were covered, leftunder 18 hours of light and allowed to root (7-14 days).

Upon root onset, the plantlets were transplanted into rigid 1 galloncontainers filled with a proprietary soil mix A and remain in 18 hoursof daylight for another 14-21 days. Once root bound, plants aretransplanted into rigid 3 gallon containers filled with proprietary soilmix B. Immediately, the light cycle is altered to 12/12 and flowerinitiating begins. The plants remain in 12/12 lighting until harvesting.They undergo a propriety nutrient regimen and grow as undisturbed aspossible for 60-70 days depending on chemotype analysis.

All sun leaves are removed and plant dismantled to result inapproximately 12″ branches covered in inflorescences and trichomes. Thegoal in harvesting is to realize that we are actually harvestingtrichome heads but not ‘buds’. Thus, great care is taken not to disturbthe trichome heads and as much of the plant remains intact as possibleto promote even and slow drying. Slow drying followed by a one to twomonth curing process.

Yield Data. Yield was determined on a ‘per plant’ basis and determinedby specified cultivation techniques employed. In this case, indoor CEAtechnique following the protocol described elsewhere herein.

Flower onset was initiated with 12/12 day/night at approximately 16″ invegetative height. Total biomass ~160 g, finished flowers ~50 g, and/or~50 g of seed per plant.

Potential Uses of this Line. Potential uses of GRE01 include but are notlimited to medical applications, extractions, commercial raw material(e.g., chemical), fiber and pulp.

Patient Testimonials/Comments and Visual Observations. Patients raveabout the great experience of using this plant. The flowers of GRE01consistently produce approximately 2.0% CBGA in finished flowers. Itswonderful smell/taste is patient’s major reason for appeal.

PUR03

Description of Breeding Stock. Inflorescences were obtained for alandrace of purple class pollinated with a hermaphroditic purple classvariety and seeds from these inflorescences were isolated and put intoconditions proper for their germination.

The seeds which germinated grew very uniformly in appearance. However,upon flower onset, the seedlings were selected for the two phenotypesthat most smelled like ‘grape and dank’, and producing flowers with thehighest trichome density and robust examples of these two phenotypeswere subsequently crossed to create PUR03.

Hypothesized Genetics. “2007 SB PUP1 x 2009 PPS7”.

Propagation and Vegetative Growth. Cuttings from PUR03 are marked by7-finger leaflet sets with internode buds asymmetrically located onalternate sides on main shoot. In particular, the internode space ofthis variety tends to be decreased. Short, squatty and bushy. Cuttingsroot within 10-14 days.

The PUR03 grows stout in the traditional ‘Christmas tree’ shape. PUR03grows with asymmetrical bud and leaf sets. Vegetative growth is markedby a deeper off green (Munsell ID) hue with lime green thin stalks.Leaflets are longer and thinner than varieties. When healthy, sun leavesare gigantic. It has vigorous hybrid character. The stand-out quality isthe high amount of trichomes and the high amount of oil. There is anextremely high cannabinoid content in PUR03. Stalks have a sweet ‘dank’scent. Canopy dense and do not need to top.

Onset of Flowering and Inflorescences. Leaves are 7 leaflet patternswith 7 being predominant and overall decreasing to 1 and to none in thepresence of female flowers. In particular, flower onset is fast bycomparison to most varieties.

Trichome density and smell are almost immediate. Female flowers areclustered to do decreased internode spacing. Again, this variety tendsto be more densely covered with trichome bodies than its parents andother purple varieties. In fact, the inflorescences are very dense andhave large calyxes covered in highly resinous glands that exhibit thisvariety’s distinct grape lollipop scent after only 7-10 days. Asinflorescences mature, the density compact sets compound to form deeppurple and dark green extremely oily buds. In particular, the oilycharacter of these flowers set this purple apart from its parent andother green class varieties.

Description of Finished Flower. PUR03 defines sweet, delicious grapeflavored medicine with functional mental effects and pain relief. Thisvariety has resin production akin to Afghan and psychoactivityreminiscent of the PUR03. PUR03 has aromas of grape, sweet sugar, anddank which all combine to produce a fantastic grape flavor when smoked.It is noted for mood elevation, short-term pain relief and hungerstimulation.

Description of Planting, Harvesting and Processing of the Plants. Thisvariety is asexually propagated via taking cuttings of shoots andputting them in rock wool cubes. These cubes were presoaked with pHadjusted water and kept warm (~80° C.). Full trays were covered, leftunder 18 hours of light and allowed to root (7-14 days).

Upon root onset, the plantlets were transplanted into rigid 1 galloncontainers filled with a proprietary soil mix A and remain in 18 hoursof daylight for another 14-21 days. Once root bound, plants aretransplanted into rigid 3 gallon containers filled with proprietary soilmix B. Immediately, the light cycle is altered to 12/12 and flowerinitiating begins. The plants remain in 12/12 lighting until harvesting.They undergo a propriety nutrient regimen and grow as undisturbed aspossible for 60-70 days depending on chemotype analysis.

All sun leaves are removed and plant dismantled to result inapproximately 12″ branches covered in inflorescences and trichomes. Thegoal in harvesting is to realize that we are actually harvestingtrichome heads but not ‘buds’. Thus, great care is taken not to disturbthe trichome heads and as much of the plant remains intact as possibleto promote even and slow drying. Slow drying followed by a one to twomonth curing process.

Yield Data. Yield was determined on a ‘per plant’ basis and determinedby specified cultivation techniques employed. In this case, indoor CEAtechnique following the protocol described elsewhere herein.

Flower onset was initiated with 12/12 day/night at approximately 16″ invegetative height. Total biomass ~160 g, finished flowers ~50 g, and/or~50 g of seed per plant.

Potential Uses of this Line. Potential uses of PUR03 include but are notlimited to medical applications, extractions, commercial raw material(e.g., chemical), fiber and pulp.

Patient Testimonials/Comments and Visual Observations. Patients raveabout the great experience. This flower consistently producesapproximately 2.0% CBGA in finished flowers. Its wonderful smell/tasteis patient’s major reason for appeal.

YEL03

Description of Breeding Stock. Inflorescences were obtained from anunknown landrace., Seeds from these inflorescences were isolated and putinto conditions proper for their germination. The seeds which germinatedgrew uniformly in appearance. However, the seedlings were selected fortheir narrow-leafleted tropical cannabis morphology and pineneproduction to create YEL03.

Hypothesized Genetics. “Cannabis indica ssp. indica NLD “Thai” x C.indica ssp. indica NLD “Highland Mexican.”

Propagation and Vegetative Growth. Cuttings from YEL03 are marked by9-finger leaflet sets with internode buds asymmetrically located onalternate sides on main shoot. In particular, the internode space ofthis variety tends to be lengthy and stretchy (~4″ veg, decreasingflower onset). The plants are tall, robust and lanky. Cuttings rootwithin 10-14 days.

The YEL03 grows tall and strong with pronounced apical dominance. YEL03grows with asymmetrical bud and leaf sets. Vegetative growth is markedby a lighter dark green (Munsell ID) hue with purple undersides andstrong hollow stalks. When healthy, sun leaves are point upward towardlight source at twisted angles. The stems are strong and fibrous. Thestand-out quality is the high amount of trichomes and the high amount ofoil. YEL03 has stalks with a sweet scent. Plant canopy is sparse withscattered bud formation. Topping encouraged.

Onset of Flowering and Inflorescences. Leaves are 9 leaflet patternswith 9 being predominant and overall decreasing to 1 and to none in thepresence of female flowers. In particular, flower onset is fast bycomparison to most varieties.

Trichome density and smell are almost immediate. Female flowers aresparse due to large internode spacing. Again, this variety tends to bemore densely covered with trichome bodies than its parents and othervarieties. The flowers are not compact or well-formed. Inflorescencesare spirals of individual foxtails that form a ‘coral’ lookingstructure. Although buds are made of individual spirals, theinflorescences are dense and tightly packed. As inflorescences mature,the density compact sets compound to form bright green and extremelyoily buds.

Description of Finished Flower. YEL03 has descended from the greatOaxacan and Thai cannabis landrace plants of the 1970’s. This varietydelivers an intense “up” stimulating effect that can be great forcountering the debilitating aspects of many medical conditions. Acomplex aroma of spicy spruce and lemon peel release a cornucopia ofsweet and spicy piney flavors when smoked. It is often characterized bya clear head, accompanied by mood elevation.

Description of Planting, Harvesting and Processing of the Plants. Thisvariety is asexually propagated via taking cuttings of shoots andputting them in rock wool cubes. These cubes were presoaked with pHadjusted water and kept warm (~80° C.). Full trays were covered, leftunder 18 hours of light and allowed to root (7-14 days). Upon rootonset, the plantlets were transplanted into rigid 1 gallon containersfilled with a proprietary soil mix A and remain in 18 hours of daylightfor another 14-21 days. Once root bound, plants are transplanted intorigid 3 gallon containers filled with proprietary soil mix B.Immediately, the light cycle is altered to 12/12 and flower initiatingbegins. The plants remain in 12/12 lighting until harvesting. Theyundergo a propriety nutrient regimen and grow as undisturbed as possiblefor 60-70 days depending on chemotype analysis.

All sun leaves are removed and plant dismantled to result inapproximately 12″ branches covered in inflorescences and trichomes. Thegoal in harvesting is to realize that we are actually harvestingtrichome heads but not ‘buds’. Thus, great care is taken not to disturbthe trichome heads and as much of the plant remains intact as possibleto promote even and slow drying. Slow drying followed by a one to twomonth curing process.

Yield Data. Yield was determined on a ‘per plant’ basis using thespecified cultivation techniques employed. In this case, indoor CEAtechnique following the protocol described elsewhere herein. Floweronset was initiated with 12/12 day/night at approximately 16″ invegetative height. Total biomass ~120 g, finished flowers ~40 g, and/or~30 g of seed per plant.

Potential Uses of this Line. Potential uses of YEL03 include but are notlimited to medical applications, extractions, commercial raw material(e.g., chemical), fiber and pulp.

Patient Testimonials/Comments and Visual Observations. Plants have avery interesting from an organoleptic standpoint and are unique inalmost all visual categories.

PUR12

Description of Breeding Stock. Inflorescences were obtained for anunknown landrace. Seeds from these inflorescences were isolated and putinto conditions proper for their germination. The seeds which germinatedgrew uniformly in appearance. However, the seedlings were selected fortrichome density and hybrid leaf morphology to create PUR12.

Hypothesized Genetics. “Cannabis indica ssp. afghanica WLD “Afghan #1” xCannabis indica ssp. indica NLD “Brazilian” x C. indica ssp. indica NLD“Indian.”

Propagation and Vegetative Growth. Cuttings from PUR12 are marked by5-finger leaflet sets with internode buds asymmetrically located onalternate sides on main shoot. In particular, the internode space ofthis variety tends to be shorter and stout (~2-4″ veg, decreasing floweronset). The plants are short, robust and bushy. Cuttings root within10-14 days.

The PUR12 grows short and bushy with classic ‘Christmas tree’ apicaldominance. PUR12 grows with asymmetrical bud and leaf sets. Vegetativegrowth is marked by a dark green (Munsell ID) hue with green undersidesand hard wood like stalks. When healthy, sun leaves are point upwardtoward light source and ‘reach’. The stems are strong and fibrous. Thestand out quality is the high amount of trichomes and the high amount ofoil. The flower sets look ‘white’ before most other varieties. Stalksare sweet scent. Plant canopy is dense with clustered bud formation.Topping discouraged.

Onset of Flowering and Inflorescences. Leaves are 5 leaflet patternswith 5 being predominant and overall decreasing to 1 and to none in thepresence of female flowers. In particular, flower onset is fast bycomparison to most varieties.

Trichome density and smell are almost immediate. Female flowers aredense and thick due to relatively small internode lengths. Again, thisvariety tends to be more densely covered with trichome bodies than othervarieties in the white class. The flowers are compact and well-formed inthe shape of pinecones. Pistils are fat and of high density. Asinflorescences mature, the density compact sets compound to form brightneon-green flowers that give way to red-orange hair. It is marked byunusually high sesquiterpene content and extremely resinous buds.Inflorescences are subject to fungal infestation due to large size andextreme density.

Description of Finished Flower. PUR12 produces prodigious amounts ofpsychoactive resin. This variety was derived from Brazilian, Indian, andAfghan gene pools. Its aroma of green classy, balsamic, pineapplegazpacho delivers a sweet, hashy flavor when smoked. It is noted forfast-onset psychoactivity reminiscent of traditional cannabisexperiences that will leave you right where it found you. Happinessinduced pain relief and considerable relaxation.

Chemotype Description for Patient. Relative potency: very strong.Headspace Terpenes: pinenes, myrcene, limonene, humulene, andnaphthalene. Caryophyllene content: very high

Description of Planting, Harvesting and Processing of the Plants. Thisvariety is asexually propagated via taking cuttings of shoots andputting them in rock wool cubes. These cubes were presoaked with pHadjusted water and kept warm (~80° C.). Full trays were covered, leftunder 18 hours of light and allowed to root (7-14 days).

Upon root onset, the plantlets were transplanted into rigid 1 galloncontainers filled with a proprietary soil mix A and remain in 18 hoursof daylight for another 14-21 days. Once root bound, plants aretransplanted into rigid 3 gallon containers filled with proprietary soilmix B. Immediately, the light cycle is altered to 12/12 and flowerinitiating begins. The plants remain in 12/12 lighting until harvesting.They undergo a propriety nutrient regimen and grow as undisturbed aspossible for 60-70 days depending on chemotype analysis.

All sun leaves are removed and plant dismantled to result inapproximately 12″ branches covered in inflorescences and trichomes. Thegoal in harvesting is to realize that we are actually harvestingtrichome heads but not ‘buds’. Thus, great care is taken not to disturbthe trichome heads and as much of the plant remains intact as possibleto promote even and slow drying. Slow drying followed by a one to twomonth curing process.

Yield Data. Yield was determined on a ‘per plant’ basis and determinedby specified cultivation techniques employed. In this case, indoor CEAtechnique following the protocol described elsewhere herein. Floweronset was initiated with 12/12 day/night at approximately 16″ invegetative height. Total biomass ~140 g, finished flowers ~50 g, and/or~50 g of seed per plant.

Potential Uses of this Line. Potential uses of PUR12 include but are notlimited to medical applications, extractions, commercial raw material(e.g., chemical), fiber and pulp.

Patient Testimonials/Comments and Visual Observations. Very interestingfrom an organoleptic standpoint (sweet Amsterdam flavor) and acaryophyllene content standpoint. Happy laughing high. PUR12 has theburnt scent of 1990’s landraces.

Parental Plant Phenotypes

In order to better describe the morphologies of parental cannabis lines,plants were grown indoor to maturity at 120 days post transfer understandard production and pruning methods. These plants were assayed forseveral phenotypes important for cannabis production. These phenotypesand their descriptions are listed below, and their measurements forparental varieties summarized in Table 3.

Plant Sex- In order to properly assess the progeny morphology of thefemale inflorescence important for cannabis production, only pistillateplants were allowed to fully develop. Breeding of pistillate flowers wascarried out by reversing the sex of a branch of female flowers throughthe application silver thiosulfate. Sex determination was made duringvegetative growth through the identification of the earliest pre-flowers(see Cervantes 2006 “Marijuana Horticulture The indoor/outdoor medicalgrower’s bible” editors Linda Meyer and Estella Cervantes). Male plantswere not allowed to develop in order to avoid accidental pollination offemale plants.

Plant height- measured in centimeters from the base of the plant to thetop of the apical meristem. Plants were measured 120 days post transfer.

Plant diameter- measured in centimeters as width of the plant at itswidest diameter. Plants were measured 120 days post transfer.

Number of Leafletts- Leafletts on leaves were counted. The leaf with themost leaflets was recorded at 120 days post transfer.

Leaf Type- Leaves were visually inspected for broad or narrow leafmorphologies. Narrow leaf morphologies produce leaflets less than 1 cmwide (N). This type of leaf morphology is most closely associated withCannabis sativa varieties. Broad leaf morphologies produce leafletswider than 2 cm (B). This type of leaf morphology is most closelyassociated with Cannabis indica. Leaves were designated as medium (M)morphologies if they fell in between broad and narrow leaf values,indicating the progeny included genetics from both C. sativa and C.indica.

Average Internodes Internodes were counted at plant maturity at 120days. Number of internodes is highly correlated to plant branching andnumber of inflorescences. Internodes are defined as the sections of stembetween nodes.

Node Branching- Node branching was visually determined by inspectingnodes and determining the amount of branching at plant maturity at 120days post transfer. Higher branching can increase total flower yield,but can also produce plants that cannot be grown closely for indoorproduction.

Leaf Color- Representative leaves from each plant were harvested andpictures were taken. Colors will be analyzed and will be provided usingRoyal Horticultural Society color chart values.

Average Number of Inflorescences at Maturity - Inflorescences werevisually inspected and counted at plant maturity at 120 days posttransfer. Plants were designated as having “low” number ofinflorescences if they produced less than 10 inflorescences per plant.Plants were designated as having “medium” number of inflorescences ifthey produced between 10 and 15 inflorescences per plant. Plants weredesignated as having “high” number of inflorescences if they producedmore than 15 infloresences per plant. In general, higher number ofinflorescences are associated with higher cannabis flower yield.

Average Non-Apical Inflorescence Size - Inflorescence size was measuredby volume by measuring the height and radius of each non-apicalinflorescence at plant maturity at 120 days post transfer. Thesemeasurements were used to determine volume of the inflorescence using acylinder shape approximation (formula Pi × radius² × height). Values forall non-apical inflorescences were averaged. Inflorescences with averagevolumes of less than 100 cm³ were designated “small”. Inflorescenceswith average volumes between 100 cm³ and 300 cm³ were designated“medium”. Inflorescences with volumes greater than 300 cm³ weredesignated “large”.

Average Apical Inflorescence Size - Inflorescence size was measured byvolume by measuring the height and radius of apical inflorescences atplant maturity at 120 days post transfer. These measurements were usedto determine volume of the inflorescence using a cylinder shapeapproximation (formula Pi × radius² × height). Values for apicalinflorescences of multiple plants were averaged. Apical inflorescenceswith average volumes of less than 400 cm³ were designated “small”.Apical inflorescences with average volumes between 400 cm³ and 600 cm³were designated “medium”. Inflorescences with volumes greater than 600cm³ were designated “large”.

Floral Cluster Density - Floral cluster density is a measure of howtightly packed floral buds are in a plant inflorescence. This measure iscorrelated with total yield and is also associated with the amount oflabor necessary for trimming the inflorescence post harvest. Forparental varieties of this example, floral cluster density wasapproximated by measuring the time it took for the inflorescences to dry(reach ~10% relative humidity). Faster drying time were associated with“low” floral cluster density. Slower drying times were associated with“high” floral cluster densities. Low density floral clusters dry in 4-5days, medium density floral clusters take 6-7 days, and dense floralclusters take 8-9 days.

Trichome Density- Trichomes on the inflorescences of mature plants at120 days post transfer were visually inspected for trichome density andassigned a score of 1-10 based on past experiences of the grower. Lowerscores indicated lower trichome densities, whereas higher scoresindicated higher trichome densities. Trichome density is also commonlyreferred to as “frostiness”. Inflorescences with scores higher than 7appear to be completely covered in white trichomes giving a “frost” likeappearance. Density scores of 8-10 were equivalent to what could beexpected of an OG Kush strain.

TABLE 3 Phenotype table of parental varieties Variety new name Plantheight at maturity (cm) Plant diameter at maturity (cm) Leaf type Avg #internodes Branching at each node Avg Number Inflorescences at maturityAvg non-apical inflorescence size Avg apical inflorescence size (cm) @Floral cluster density # Trichome density (1-10 scale) Number ofLeafletts PUR13 154 63.5 B 23 every node: 1 leaf, 1 branch Low LargeHigh High 9 5 SIL04 145 65.2 B 27.5 every node: 1 leaf, 1 branch HighLarge High Low 5 5 GRE01 95 45.7 M 29.3 every node: 1 leaf, 1 branchMedium Mediumium High Medium 7 5 SIL03 133 49.8 B 26.5 every node: 1leaf, 1 branch Medium Large High Medium 7 7 PUR03 71 47.4 B 23 everynode: 1 leaf, 1 branch Low Medium Medium High 5 7 SIL01 78 46.5 B 15.7every node: 1 leaf, 1 branch Low Medium Low High 7 5 SIL06 83 22.9 B 21every node: 1 leaf, 1 branch Low Medium Low Low 9 7 YEL03 104 67.6 B20.8 every node: 1 leaf, 1 branch Medium Large High Low 7 9 WHI07 11250.2 B 29.5 every node: 1 leaf, 1 branch Medium Medium High Medium 9 7GOD13 121 45.7 B 22 every node: 1 leaf, 1 branch Medium Small Medium Low7 5 ORA02 135 43.2 B 32.3 every node: 1 leaf, 1 branch High Small HighLow 9 5 WHI04 103 36.2 B 19.8 every node: 1 leaf, 1 branch Low MediumMedium Medium 7 7 PUR01 125 39.4 M 28.8 every node: 1 leaf, 1 branchMedium Medium High Medium 9 7 CBD03 89 41.5 M 26.5 every node: 1 leaf, 1branch High Small Low High 9 7 SIL02 94 43.8 M 28.5 every node: 1 leaf,1 branch High Medium Medium Low 7 5 BRO01 118 43.2 M 27 every node: 1leaf, 1 branch Medium Medium High Low 9 7 PUR12 103 45.1 M 31.7 everynode: 1 leaf, 1 branch High Medium Medium High 5 5 CBD01 125 44.9 M 38.3every node: 1 leaf, 1 branch High Small Low Low 2 5 PUR06 94 44.5 B 27.3every node: 1 leaf, 1 branch Medium Medium Low Medium 7 7 CBD5 132 48.3B 37 every node: 1 leaf, 1 branch High Low Medium Medium 7 5

Example 3. Analysis of Proprietary THC Parental Varieties

One objective of the present invention was to develop cannabis varietieswith high terpene oil contents and different terpene profiles to meetvarious aroma/flavor and medicinal needs. The parental varietiesdeveloped in the present invention, underwent chemical analyses asdescribed in Example 1. The resulting cannabinoid and terpene profileswere further subjected to agglomerative hierarchal clustering (AHC)using XLStat to classify varieties into “classes”. Varieties in a givenclass of cannabis share certain common physiological, chemical and/ormorphological characteristics. Thus, according to the present invention,cannabis plants are grouped into named classes according to theirprimary/dominant flavor(s) in order to establish standard cannabisclasses of plants herein referred to collectively as ‘Classes ofCannabis Varieties.’

As explained in greater detail below, individual cannabis plants of theproprietary cannabis varieties were identified, tested and grouped toform class categories of similar varieties. According to the presentinvention, more than one variety of cannabis may have been establishedwithin a single cannabis class. Selected candidate cannabis plants for aspecific variety may have been subjected to further breeding andselection before being chosen as a cannabis variety for a particularclass. The final selected varieties were designated as Classes ofCannabis Varieties. Therefore, as used herein, ‘Classes of CannabisVarieties’ or ‘variety classes’ or the like each refer to certaincannabis varieties originating from proprietary varieties, wherein theywere selected based on certain desirable phenotypical characteristicsand morphological characteristics for a particular class of cannabis.Color class parental cannabis tended to be chemotype I plants.

Table 4 summarizes the classes of the cannabis varieties provided by thepresent invention and the Class color, Class name, Class abbreviations(“ABRV”), flavor associated with each class, and the major terpenesmeasured in each class.

TABLE 4 Color class characteristics of THC parental varieties ColorAbbrev Class Terpene Characteristics Flavor Azure AZRmyrcene>>limonene>caryophyllene Woody, fruity Black BLKcaryophyllene>limonene>myrcene Camphoreous, baked sweets Blue BLUpinenes>myrcene>caryophyllene Berry, terpy, solvent Bronze BRZlimonene≈myrcene>caryophyllene Sweet, lemons Brown BROmyrcene>>ocimene>pinene Musky, sweet, apple cider Fuscia FSC myrcene,caryophyllene Fuel, grass, baked lemon Gold GODlimonene=caryophyllene=myrcene Lemon, pine-sol, fuel Green GREmyrcene>limonene≈ocimene Sweet, cream, citrus, skunk Grey GRA myrcene,pinene, limonene Woody, green, sweet, bubblegum, pine Jade JADterpinolene, myrcene Sweet, pepper, spice Lemon LMNlimonene>myrcene≈ocimene≈caryophyllene Citrus, sweet, spice Magenta MAGmyrcene>>ocimene>limonene≈caryophyllene Sweet, orange peel, spice NavyNVY myrcene>pinene>limonene≈ocimene Sweet, pine, citrus Olive OLVmyrcene>>ocimene≈limonene Sweet, orange, lemon Orange ORA myrcene,terpinolene, ocimene, pinene Intense orange peel, sweet Pink PNKmyrcene≈ocimene≈pinene Sweet, orange, pine Purple PUR myrcene, pinene,caryophyllene Grapes, pine, sweet, pineapple, berry, floral, acrid,menthol Red RED ocimene≈limonene≈pinene Floral, vanilla, skunk Sea SEAlimonene≈caryophyllene≈myrcene>ocimene Lemons, pepper, sweet Silver SILlimonene,>caryophyllene, myrcene Lime, pomegranate, creamy, blueberry,spice, menthol Tan TAN myrcene>ocimene>limonene>pinene Sweet, citrus,pine Violet VLT myrcene=ocimene Sweet, oranges White WHIlimonene=caryophyllene, >myrcene Berry, lime, skunk, fuel, incense,citrus, pine Yellow YEL terpinolene, ocimene, myrcene Lemon, pine, skunk

The analysis of cannabis class varieties led to the slightly differentabbreviations for color classes and also to the renaming of varietiesdisclosed in the original filing. Name changes in this application frompriority documents (US 61/801,528 and US 61/897,074) are summarized inTable 5. New class categories violet and pink are included in thefollowing table.

TABLE 5 Changes in variety color classification and naming Old Name NewName BLU4 BLU04 BLU8 RED08 BLU9 GRE09 GRE1 GRE01 VLT GO13 GOD13 GOD3GOD03 GOD2 GOD02 GOD11 GOD11 GOD10 GOD10 BLU5 SIL06 GOD12 SIL12 GOD8SIL08 RED2 SIL03 RED1 SIL02 SIL1 SIL01 WHI2 SIL04 GOD5 WHI02 WHI7 WHI07GOD6 WHI06 GO14 WHI14 SIL4 WHI04 CHM1 WHI01 SIL05 WHI05 GOD4 WHI09 THC01BLK01 THC02 BLK02 THC03 BLK03 THC04 BLK04 YEL3 YEL03 YEL05 YEL05 PUR2YEL02 JK11 JAD11 JK12 JAD12 JCK4 JAD04 ORA3 ORA03 ORA2 ORA02 PUR1 PUR01PUR3 PUR03 PUR5 PUR05 GRA3 PUR13 BLU6 PUR06 GRA1 PUR11 BRO1 PUR11 WHI3PUR12 GRE2 FSC04 CHM3 FSC03 CHM2 FSC02 GRE30 BRO01 ORA4 BRO02 PNK GOD7GRA07 GRE31 GRA31 WHI4 GRA04 WHI5 GRA05

The cannabinoid and terpene profiles of each THC parental variety weredetermined using both GC-FID and HPLC as described in Example 1. Theresulting measurements are summarized in Tables 6, 7, 8, and 9. TheGC-FID cannabinoid analysis of Table 6 also included measurements forTHCV, CBDV, CBGV, CBN, and delta 8 THC, all of which were measured to beless than 0.05% and were therefore not included in the table. Similarly,the HPLC cannabinoid analysis of Table 7 included measurements for THCV,THCVA, CBDV, CBDVa, CBGV, CBGVA, CBC, CBCA, CBD, and CBN, all of whichwere measured to be less than 0.01%, and were therefore not included inthe table.

TABLE 6 Cannabinoid measurement by GC-FID for THC color class parentalvarieties. Blank values indicate undetectable levels or 0 GC-FID THCColor Class Parental Lines THC CBD CBG CBC Cannabs by GC THC:CBD by GCCannabs / Terps (GC) Sample Wt% 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt% 95%Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl BLK01 18.82% 0.51% 0.23% 19.56%13.77 BLK02 20.23% 1.37% 0.37% 21.97% 18.78 BLK03 16.54% 0.71% 0.43%17.67% 12.06 BLK04 20.70% 0.58% 0.19% 21.90% 12.37 BLU04 7.52% 0.16%0.16% 0.10% 7.98% 47.26 5.94 BRO01 12.23% 2.32% 0.52% 0.01% 0.26% 0.07%13.08% 2.27% 9.01 3.27 BRO02 13.47% 0.97% 0.02% 0.02% 0.74% 0.06% 0.16%0.02% 14.44% 0.90% 1036.07 1147.94 12.66 2.88 FSC04 12.49% 0.34% 0.42%13.29% 6.62 FSC03 16.20% 1.84% 0.29% 0.14% 0.16% 0.03% 16.71% 1.91%10.08 1.71 FSC02 17.57% 0.51% 0.19% 18.39% 7.89 GOD13 19.79% 2.10% 0.53%0.07% 0.18% 0.02% 20.55% 2.17% 7.30 0.56 GOD03 21.12% 0.82% 0.17% 22.19%10.13 GOD02 19.36% 1.70% 0.64% 1.08% 0.16% 0.01% 20.22% 2.75% 8.72 3.85GOD11 20.45% 1.00% 0.15% 21.65% 10.38 GOD10 21.37% 0.97% 0.18% 22.58%9.00 GRA07 16.07% 1.25% 0.43% 0.03% 0.18% 0.07% 16.74% 1.22% 7.71 0.83GRA31 11.43% 2.35% 0.13% 0.09% 0.21% 0.09% 11.81% 2.54% 9.19 1.20 GRA048.30% 1.56% 0.01% 0.00% 0.06% 0.01% 0.15% 0.01% 8.54% 1.56% 1193.88110.99 8.77 1.65 GRA05 11.52% 1.45% 0.01% 0.00% 0.14% 0.05% 0.32% 0.03%12.02% 1.50% 850.84 193.14 7.01 1.50 GRE09 7.97% 0.31% 0.16% 8.48% 11.30GRE01 16.43% 0.83% 1.31% 0.08% 0.31% 0.04% 18.10% 0.90% 9.59 1.57 JAD1112.45% 0.54% 0.25% 13.28% 5.41 JAD12 8.32% 0.47% 0.19% 9.03% 5.23 GC-FIDTHC Color Class Parental Lines THC CBD CBG CBC Cannabs by GC THC:CBD byGC Cannabs / Terps (GC) Sample Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt %95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl JAD04 10.29% 0.67% 0.18%11.20% 5.80 ORA02 11.83% 0.79% 0.50% 0.04% 0.13% 0.01% 12.50% 0.83% 9.321.53 ORA03 11.60% 1.23% 0.03% 0.04% 0.20% 0.04% 0.18% 0.01% 12.03% 1.25%818.90 1083.82 7.33 2.92 PUR03 15.52% 1.12% 0.32% 0.07% 0.30% 0.03%16.19% 1.17% 9.28 0.64 PUR01 11.45% 1.01% 0.25% 0.06% 0.16% 0.03% 11.91%0.98% 7.06 0.81 PUR13 16.13% 2.35% 0.75% 0.06% 0.19% 0.02% 17.14% 2.38%9.45 1.30 PUR06 14.08% 2.66% 0.16% 0.03% 0.17% 0.03% 14.48% 2.70% 9.562.93 PUR05 18.96% 0.92% 0.39% 0.01% 0.32% 0.01% 19.70% 0.91% 6.45 0.30PUR11 13.49% 0.41% 0.15% 14.09% 9.93 PUR13 9.89% 0.16% 0.18% 10.26% 6.55PUR12 13.89% 2.42% 0.31% 0.10% 0.15% 0.03% 14.39% 2.43% 12.44 2.26 RED088.42% 0.88% 1.18% 0.67% 0.22% 0.11% 9.86% 1.38% 14.27 2.15 SIL04 15.27%1.28% 0.41% 0.06% 0.19% 0.03% 15.92% 1.36% 7.02 0.68 SIL06 11.25% 1.09%0.39% 0.03% 0.40% 0.07% 12.09% 1.14% 14.25 1.07 SIL05 17.15% 1.43% 0.23%0.11% 0.15% 0.02% 17.59% 1.39% 10.78 2.17 SIL03 13.37% 0.90% 0.19% 0.02%0.16% 0.04% 13.74% 0.96% 11.07 1.80 SIL02 15.00% 2.38% 0.12% 0.00% 0.17%0.02% 15.30% 2.39% 9.03 0.10 SIL01 14.23% 2.05% 0.40% 0.03% 0.16% 0.01%14.88% 2.07% 10.89 1.36 WHI07 15.44% 1.75% 0.24% 0.03% 0.17% 0.01%15.92% 1.78% 8.73 1.05 WHI04 15.97% 1.40% 0.50% 0.20% 0.16% 0.02% 16.76%1.65% 12.93 5.49 WHI09 15.27% 0.60% 0.19% 16.22% 15.22 WHI01 14.83%1.74% 0.23% 0.13% 0.17% 0.05% 15.30% 1.96% 9.79 2.04 WHI14 14.40% 4.04%0.36% 0.33% 0.20% 0.06% 15.01% 4.36% 10.77 5.02 WHI05 16.15% 0.45% 0.18%16.82% 17.19 WHI06 14.74% 0.03% 0.40% 0.18% 15.37% 491.23 8.82 GC-FIDTHC Color Class Parental Lines THC CBD CBG CBC Cannabs by GC THC:CBD byGC Cannabs / Terps (GC) Sample Wt% 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt%95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl WHI02 18.72% 0.16% 0.47%0.23% 19.60% 114.16 13.87 YEL03 13.81% 0.58% 0.58% 0.08% 0.58% 0.05%15.04% 0.68% 10.61 2.06 YEL05 16.21% 2.20% 1.63% 0.80% 0.29% 0.13%18.19% 3.13% 7.60 1.66 YEL02 11.10% 1.14% 0.74% 0.06% 0.24% 0.03% 12.12%1.14% 6.21 0.50 ^(∗)LOQ for all cannabinoids was 0.14%.

TABLE 7 Cannabinoid measurement by HPLC for THC color class parentalvarieties. Blank values indicate undetectable levels, or 0 Cannabinoids(UHPLC) THCA CBDA CBGA THC CBG Cannabs by HPLC Cannabs / Terps (HPLC)Sample Wt % 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt %95% Cl Ratio 95% Cl BLK01 27.24% 0.95% 0.34% 0.07% 28.61% 20.15 BLK0226.11% 1.94% 0.30% 0.09% 28.44% 24.17 BLK03 26.70% 0.71% 1.10% 0.05%28.56% 19.50 BLK04 26.37% 0.77% 0.74% 0.48% 28.38% 17.02 BLU04 9.94%0.25% 0.21% 0.16% 10.60% 7.90 BRO01 15.90% 2.54% 1.08% 0.81% 0.47% 0.21%17.49% 1.47% 11.99 3.30 BRO02 16.77% 0.29% 0.06% 0.85% 0.02% 0.30% 0.15%0.09% 0.00% 18.04% 0.51% 15.93 5.04 FSC04 16.20% 0.38% 0.33% 16.92% 8.43FSC03 18.33% 1.30% 0.38% 0.21% 1.03% 0.29% 15.81% 7.84% 11.96 2.20 FSC0221.04% 0.72% 1.29% 23.20% 9.96 GOD13 24.52% 2.84% 0.74% 0.11% 0.43%0.42% 25.82% 2.54% 9.17 0.64 GOD03 24.16% 1.00% 0.60% 25.83% 11.79 GOD0222.27% 2.24% 1.29% 0.29% 1.30% 1.47% 0.11% 25.01% 1.12% 10.70 3.79 GOD1123.57% 1.17% 0.57% 0.13% 25.49% 12.22 GOD10 24.32% 1.18% 0.59% 0.13%26.27% 10.47 GRA07 20.21% 1.81% 0.56% 0.05% 0.63% 0.37% 21.55% 1.47%9.93 1.08 GRA31 15.27% 2.82% 0.35% 0.45% 0.29% 0.28% 16.02% 3.47% 12.471.60 GRA04 10.48% 1.51% 0.02% 0.10% 0.02% 0.37% 0.03% 10.96% 1.54% 11.271.63 GRA05 14.65% 1.63% 0.02% 0.01% 0.21% 0.06% 2.25% 3.17% 17.13% 3.76%9.97 2.62 GRE09 9.66% 0.40% 0.14% 10.21% 13.61 GRE01 20.38% 0.91% 1.55%0.19% 0.52% 0.27% 0.12% 0.00% 22.55% 0.83% 11.94 1.90 Cannabinoids(UHPLC) THCA CBDA CBGA THC CBG Cannabs by HPLC Cannabs / Terps (HPLC)Sample Wt % 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt %95% Cl Ratio 95% Cl JAD11 15.70% 0.64% 0.61% 17.05% 6.95 JAD12 10.88%0.61% 0.43% 11.93% 6.91 JAD04 13.53% 0.91% 0.54% 14.98% 7.76 ORA0214.79% 0.50% 0.71% 0.05% 0.45% 0.18% 15.88% 0.50% 11.78 1.43 ORA0314.21% 0.01% 0.29% 0.45% 7.48% 14.67% 7.67 PUR03 19.45% 1.48% 0.35%0.12% 0.34% 0.13% 20.26% 1.46% 11.60 0.69 PUR01 14.74% 1.19% 0.24% 0.07%0.31% 0.32% 15.31% 0.98% 9.10 1.18 PUR13 21.05% 2.57% 0.93% 0.14% 0.34%0.18% 22.41% 2.56% 12.44 1.87 PUR06 18.08% 3.40% 0.22% 0.04% 0.32% 0.25%18.70% 3.27% 12.34 3.72 PUR05 23.75% 1.64% 0.43% 0.02% 0.21% 0.21%24.48% 1.31% 8.02 0.43 PUR11 16.36% 0.46% 0.54% 17.57% 12.38 PUR1312.64% 0.26% 0.77% 13.77% 8.78 PUR12 17.55% 2.71% 0.36% 0.13% 0.17%0.11% 18.13% 2.59% 15.74 3.12 RED08 11.03% 1.13% 1.37% 0.62% 0.22% 0.08%12.67% 1.66% 18.37 3.05 SIL04 19.18% 2.47% 0.55% 0.13% 0.25% 0.22%20.04% 2.42% 8.81 0.59 SIL06 14.39% 1.33% 0.39% 0.04% 0.25% 0.07% 0.16%0.11% 12.10% 6.03% 17.52 1.07 SIL05 20.75% 2.44% 0.32% 0.16% 0.37% 0.24%21.55% 2.33% 13.24 2.96 SIL03 16.70% 1.32% 0.10% 0.03% 0.22% 0.15% 0.15%0.01% 17.20% 1.49% 13.88 2.55 SIL02 19.67% 3.46% 0.07% 0.04% 13.27%13.04% 7.54 7.34 SIL01 18.25% 2.53% 0.57% 0.03% 0.38% 0.32% 19.12% 2.63%14.00 1.73 WHI07 19.31% 2.48% 0.24% 0.04% 0.21% 0.09% 19.82% 2.46% 10.831.19 WHI04 19.76% 0.77% 0.64% 0.20% 0.40% 0.27% 20.87% 0.63% 16.01 5.74WHI09 18.99% 0.80% 0.11% 20.01% 18.77 WHI01 17.74% 2.25% 0.29% 0.16%1.00% 0.44% 19.06% 2.73% 12.13 2.22 Cannabinoids (UHPLC) THCA CBDA CBGATHC CBG Cannabs by HPLC Cannabs / Terps (HPLC) Sample Wt% 95% Cl Wt% 95%Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Ratio 95% Cl WHI1417.81% 4.40% 0.46% 0.46% 0.33% 0.23% 18.67% 4.78% 13.34 5.63 WHI0519.55% 0.55% 0.20% 0.04% 20.38% 20.84 WHI06 19.25% 0.03% 0.53% 3.97%23.78% 13.65 WHI02 22.19% 0.61% 0.15% 23.09% 16.34 YEL03 16.71% 0.17%0.74% 0.03% 0.33% 0.10% 17.99% 0.35% 12.66 1.99 YEL05 19.65% 3.39% 1.93%0.41% 0.85% 0.11% 22.52% 3.81% 9.41 2.03 YEL02 13.97% 1.29% 1.19% 0.33%0.20% 0.14% 12.62% 5.77% 6.65 3.11 ^(∗)LOQ for all cannabinoids was0.14%.

TABLE 8 Absolute terpene measurements by GC-FID for THC color classparental varieties. Blank values indicate undetectable levels, or 0Terpenes (GC-FID) terpinolene alpha phellandrene beta ocimene carenelimonene gamma terpinene alpha pinene alpha terpinene beta pinenefenchol camphen e alpha terpineol alpha humulene beta caryophyl lenelinalool cary oxide myrcene Total identified oil (wt%) Sample Wt % 95%Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95%Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95%Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl BLK010.310% 0.026% 0.054% 0.038% 0.044% 0.167% 0.460% 0.144% 0.177% 1.420%BLK02 0.230% 0.022% 0.044% 0.036% 0.040% 0.142% 0.406% 0.120% 0.137%1.170% BLK03 0.262% 0.017% 0.037% 0.031% 0.040% 0.217% 0.603% 0.143%0.115% 1.465% BLK04 0.277% 0.018% 0.042% 0.040% 0.046% 0.238% 0.689%0.156% 0.161% 1.770% BLU04 0.014% 0.123% 0.499% 0.242% 0.019% 0.043%0.042% 0.122% 0.039% 0.200% 1.343% BRO01 0.211% 0.070% 0.055% 0.011%0.029% 0.004% 0.017% 0.009% 0.043% 0.024% 0.053% 0.012% 1.073% 0.180%1.480% 0.285% BRO02 0.300% 0.089% 0.057% 0.009% 0.026% 0.007% 0.024%0.001% 0.080% 0.035% 0.046% 0.014% 0.000% 0.624% 0.182% 1.161% 0.335%FSC04 0.035% 0.109% 0.049% 0.020% 0.168% 0.465% 0.059% 0.077% 1.026%2.008% FSC03 0.210% 0.033% 0.017% 0.003% 0.038% 0.006% 0.024% 0.007%0.030% 0.010% 0.169% 0.053% 0.451% 0.121% 0.071% 0.016% 0.676% 0.149%1.712% 0.350% FSC02 0.026% 0.257% 0.018% 0.041% 0.030% 0.039% 0.230%0.594% 0.076% 1.005% 2.330% GOD13 0.706% 0.040% 0.063% 0.004% 0.128%0.007% 0.072% 0.002% 0.086% 0.001% 0.130% 0.009% 0.465% 0.032% 0.181%0.027% 0.017% 0.001% 0.931% 0.019% 2.812% 0.144% GOD03 0.699% 0.056%0.107% 0.046% 0.050% 0.129% 0.440% 0.115% 0.511% 2.190% Terpenes(GC-FID) terpinolene alpha phellandrene beta ocimene carene limonenegamma terpinene alpha pinene alpha terpinene beta pinene fenchol camphene alpha terpineol alpha humulene beta caryophyl lene linalool cary oxidemyrcene Total identified oil (wt%) Sample Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt %95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt %95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt %95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl GOD02 0.014% 0.009% 0.599%0.256% 0.050% 0.019% 0.098% 0.036% 0.055% 0.035% 0.016% 0.006% 0.068%0.047% 0.167% 0.043% 0.592% 0.172% 0.139% 0.077% 0.018% 0.012% 0.593%0.037% 2.406% 0.749% GOD11 0.009% 0.503% 0.044% 0.088% 0.042% 0.014%0.048% 0.133% 0.464% 0.129% 0.012% 0.600% 2.086% GOD10 0.012% 0.675%0.053% 0.104% 0.050% 0.060% 0.157% 0.548% 0.149% 0.671% 2.509% GRA070.332% 0.047% 0.030% 0.005% 0.071% 0.009% 0.045% 0.003% 0.050% 0.003%0.049% 0.014% 0.178% 0.051% 0.195% 0.009% 1.220% 0.188% 2.192% 0.211%GRA31 0.102% 0.032% 0.143% 0.062% 0.081% 0.031% 0.015% 0.000% 0.035%0.015% 0.016% 0.002% 0.056% 0.010% 0.068% 0.001% 0.774% 0.319% 1.300%0.445% GRA04 0.087% 0.008% 0.083% 0.011% 0.049% 0.001% 0.012% 0.007%0.016% 0.016% 0.014% 0.002% 0.037% 0.004% 0.033% 0.014% 0.641% 0.027%0.974% 0.005% GRA05 0.113% 0.036% 0.238% 0.063% 0.118% 0.028% 0.014%0.006% 0.020% 0.012% 0.047% 0.008% 0.127% 0.018% 0.042% 0.017% 1.053%0.441% 1.781% 0.599% GRE09 0.129% 0.166% 0.027% 0.038% 0.017% 0.019%0.017% 0.055% 0.027% 0.244% 0.750% GRE01 0.374% 0.098% 0.233% 0.032%0.104% 0.015% 0.074% 0.010% 0.033% 0.002% 0.047% 0.007% 0.087% 0.007%0.239% 0.022% 0.097% 0.018% 0.637% 0.162% 1.946% 0.354% JAD11 1.331%0.059% 0.017% 0.046% 0.091% 0.027% 0.060% 0.049% 0.108% 0.044% 0.048%0.129% 0.088% 0.357% 2.454% JAD12 0.916% 0.043% 0.018% 0.034% 0.064%0.021% 0.047% 0.037% 0.084% 0.034% 0.035% 0.120% 0.100% 0.173% 1.726%JAD04 0.927% 0.045% 0.023% 0.039% 0.070% 0.023% 0.057% 0.039% 0.100%0.033% 0.062% 0.225% 0.022% 0.053% 0.213% 1.931% ORA02 0.277% 0.043%0.016% 0.002% 0.212% 0.023% 0.014% 0.001% 0.074% 0.027% 0.009% 0.001%0.068% 0.009% 0.016% 0.000% 0.060% 0.010% 0.013% 0.003% 0.025% 0.007%0.062% 0.015% 0.144% 0.039% 0.024% 0.007% 0.352% 0.074% 1.368% 0.164%ORA03 0.480% 0.224% 0.024% 0.007% 0.019% 0.005% 0.067% 0.011% 0.010%0.005% 0.133% 0.012% 0.016% 0.012% 0.104% 0.012% 0.032% 0.006% 0.021%0.002% 0.063% 0.004% 0.037% 0.006% 0.029% 0.677% 0.207% 1.695% 0.505%Terpenes (GC-FID) terpinolene alpha phellandrene beta ocimene carenelimonene gamma terpinene alpha pinene alpha terpinene beta pinenefenchol camphen e alpha terpineol alpha humulene beta caryophyl lenelinalool cary oxide myrcene Total identified oil (wt%) Sample Wt % 95%Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95%Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95%Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl PUR030.127% 0.028% 0.034% 0.006% 0.267% 0.022% 0.067% 0.006% 0.089% 0.011%0.337% 0.035% 0.111% 0.022% 0.712% 0.080% 1.758% 0.161% PUR01 0.028%0.007% 0.300% 0.057% 0.188% 0.031% 0.116% 0.020% 0.049% 0.005% 0.052%0.010% 0.057% 0.022% 0.231% 0.030% 0.074% 0.014% 0.604% 0.143% 1.711%0.301% PUR13 0.033% 0.004% 0.084% 0.024% 0.510% 0.094% 0.145% 0.028%0.077% 0.017% 0.199% 0.047% 0.045% 0.010% 0.723% 0.125% 1.854% 0.315%PUR06 0.069% 0.012% 0.378% 0.078% 0.175% 0.037% 0.014% 0.001% 0.023%0.058% 0.005% 0.178% 0.010% 0.061% 0.009% 0.009% 0.002% 0.669% 0.208%1.609% 0.339% PUR05 0.259% 0.000% 0.046% 0.000% 0.403% 0.000% 0.104%0.000% 0.109% 0.000% 0.419% 0.000% 0.183% 0.000% 1.520% 0.000% 3.053%0.000% PUR11 0.024% 0.063% 0.335% 0.095% 0.046% 0.122% 0.030% 0.630%1.419% PUR13 0.186% 0.356% 0.167% 0.080% 0.187% 0.591% 1.567% PUR120.166% 0.056% 0.186% 0.070% 0.101% 0.040% 0.022% 0.056% 0.015% 0.128%0.050% 0.025% 0.527% 0.239% 1.197% 0.431% RED08 0.188% 0.051% 0.132%0.019% 0.130% 0.046% 0.051% 0.012% 0.029% 0.010% 0.027% 0.007% 0.022%0.008% 0.076% 0.037% 0.023% 0.008% 0.022% 0.012% 0.708% 0.173% SIL040.011% 0.001% 0.114% 0.027% 0.702% 0.199% 0.073% 0.022% 0.116% 0.025%0.094% 0.010% 0.021% 0.003% 0.092% 0.003% 0.138% 0.005% 0.487% 0.004%0.213% 0.025% 0.211% 0.090% 2.285% 0.374% SIL06 0.106% 0.016% 0.296%0.031% 0.055% 0.007% 0.074% 0.009% 0.051% 0.007% 0.050% 0.005% 0.021%0.003% 0.074% 0.012% 0.022% 0.006% 0.088% 0.018% 0.852% 0.092% SIL080.572% 0.151% 0.053% 0.014% 0.106% 0.028% 0.068% 0.025% 0.065% 0.028%0.055% 0.009% 0.185% 0.033% 0.268% 0.091% 0.280% 0.109% 1.682% 0.347%SIL03 0.006% 0.004% 0.393% 0.064% 0.036% 0.006% 0.060% 0.008% 0.036%0.013% 0.037% 0.012% 0.050% 0.015% 0.175% 0.056% 0.175% 0.044% 0.256%0.039% 1.260% 0.233% SIL02 0.590% 0.118% 0.052% 0.007% 0.101% 0.015%0.064% 0.014% 0.072% 0.020% 0.097% 0.016% 0.372% 0.047% 0.221% 0.017%0.109% 0.050% 1.697% 0.286% Terpenes (GC-FID) terpinolene alphaphellandrene beta ocimene carene limonene gamma terpinene alpha pinenealpha terpinene beta pinene fenchol camphen e alpha terpineol alphahumulene beta caryophyl lene linalool cary oxide myrcene Totalidentified oil (wt%) Sample Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt% 95%Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95%Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95%Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl SIL01 0.403% 0.018% 0.037% 0.003% 0.072%0.004% 0.050% 0.003% 0.060% 0.001% 0.074% 0.008% 0.271% 0.027% 0.186%0.002% 0.189% 0.030% 1.365% 0.039% WHI07 0.050% 0.013% 0.581% 0.153%0.050% 0.071% 0.014% 0.095% 0.018% 0.056% 0.006% 0.071% 0.015% 0.157%0.022% 0.585% 0.101% 0.054% 0.015% 0.103% 0.021% 1.9% 0.357% WHI040.443% 0.237% 0.034% 0.015% 0.064% 0.028% 0.034% 0.024% 0.038% 0.028%0.098% 0.012% 0.376% 0.036% 0.107% 0.063% 0.131% 0.006% 1.3% 0.443%WHI09 0.311% 0.026% 0.049% 0.027% 0.127% 0.355% 0.035% 0.106% 1.1% WHI010.449% 0.098% 0.038% 0.006% 0.073% 0.013% 0.046% 0.013% 0.048% 0.016%0.190% 0.117% 0.507% 0.314% 0.275% 0.075% 1.7% 0.571% WHI14 0.417%0.227% 0.033% 0.014% 0.063% 0.027% 0.040% 0.026% 0.053% 0.023% 0.152%0.046% 0.420% 0.135% 0.142% 0.121% 0.019% 0.006% 0.158% 0.067% 1.5%0.585% WHI05 0.282% 0.025% 0.047% 0.025% 0.023% 0.098% 0.360% 0.017%0.007% 0.086% 1.0% WHI06 0.017% 0.569% 0.041% 0.080% 0.054% 0.013%0.024% 0.180% 0.502% 0.055% 0.013% 0.194% 1.7% WHI02 0.391% 0.036%0.065% 0.035% 0.177% 0.487% 0.047% 0.135% 1.4% YEL03 0.506% 0.094%0.028% 0.003% 0.158% 0.036% 0.026% 0.001% 0.139% 0.038% 0.049% 0.001%0.018% 0.003% 0.076% 0.003% 0.066% 0.107% 0.030% 0.013% 0.031% 0.010%0.110% 0.034% 0.025% 0.007% 0.157% 0.025% 1.438% 0.209% YEL05 1.033%0.211% 0.050% 0.011% 0.287% 0.148% 0.040% 0.007% 0.139% 0.151% 0.022%0.004% 0.063% 0.018% 0.042% 0.007% 0.109% 0.033% 0.026% 0.040% 0.011%0.090% 0.073% 0.260% 0.256% 0.033% 0.048% 0.182% 0.063% 2.399% 0.112%YEL02 0.690% 0.077% 0.035% 0.003% 0.299% 0.036% 0.028% 0.003% 0.173%0.016% 0.017% 0.001% 0.068% 0.007% 0.027% 0.002% 0.099% 0.010% 0.025%0.002% 0.045% 0.003% 0.036% 0.002% 0.137% 0.008% 0.059% 0.005% 0.004%0.000% 0.218% 0.026% 1.957% 0.174% ^(∗)LOQ for all terpenes was 0.02%except for alpha-pinene, linalool, and alpha-terpineol which were 0.04%.

TABLE 9 Relative terpene levels as measured by GC-FID for THC colorclass parental varieties. Blank values indicate undetectable levels, or0 Terpenes Sample terpinolene alpha phellandrene beta ocimene carenelimonene gamma terpinene alpha pinene alpha terpinene beta pinenefenchol camphene alpha terpineol alpha humulene beta caryophyllenelinalool cary oxide myrcene BLK01 0% 0% 0% 0% 22% 0% 2% 0% 4% 3% 0% 3%12% 32% 10% 0% 12% BLK02 0% 0% 0% 0% 20% 0% 2% 0% 4% 3% 0% 3% 12% 35%10% 0% 12% BLK03 0% 0% 0% 0% 18% 0% 1% 0% 3% 2% 0% 3% 15% 41% 10% 0% 8%BLK04 0% 0% 0% 0% 16% 0% 1% 0% 2% 2% 0% 3% 13% 39% 9% 0% 9% BLU04 1% 0%0% 0% 9% 0% 37% 0% 18% 1% 0% 3% 3% 9% 3% 0% 15% BRO01 0% 0% 14% 0% 0% 0%4% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 1% 3% 4% 0% 73% BRO02 0% 0% 26% 0% 0% 0% 5% 0% 2% 0%0% 0% 2% 7% 4% 0% 54% FSC04 2% 0% 5% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 8% 23%3% 4% 51% FSC03 0% 0% 0% 0% 12% 0% 1% 0% 2% 1% 0% 2% 10% 26% 4% 0% 39%FSC02 1% 0% 0% 0% 11% 0% 1% 0% 2% 1% 0% 2% 10% 25% 3% 0% 43% GOD13 0% 0%0% 0% 25% 0% 2% 0% 5% 3% 0% 3% 5% 17% 6% 1% 33% GOD03 0% 0% 0% 0% 32% 0%3% 0% 5% 2% 0% 2% 6% 20% 5% 0% 23% GOD02 1% 0% 0% 0% 25% 0% 2% 0% 4% 2%1% 3% 7% 25% 6% 1% 25% GOD11 0% 0% 0% 0% 24% 0% 2% 0% 4% 2% 1% 2% 6% 22%6% 1% 29% GOD10 0% 0% 0% 0% 27% 0% 2% 0% 4% 2% 0% 2% 6% 22% 6% 0% 27%GRA07 0% 0% 0% 0% 15% 0% 1% 0% 3% 2% 0% 2% 2% 8% 9% 0% 56% GRA31 0% 0%0% 0% 8% 0% 11% 0% 6% 1% 0% 3% 1% 4% 5% 0% 60% GRA04 0% 0% 0% 0% 9% 0%8% 0% 5% 1% 0% 2% 1% 4% 3% 0% 66% GRA05 0% 0% 0% 0% 6% 0% 13% 0% 7% 1%0% 1% 3% 7% 2% 0% 59% GRE09 0% 0% 17% 0% 22% 0% 4% 0% 5% 2% 0% 3% 2% 7%4% 0% 33% GRE01 0% 0% 19% 0% 12% 0% 5% 0% 4% 2% 0% 2% 4% 12% 5% 0% 33%JAD11 54% 2% 1% 2% 4% 1% 2% 2% 4% 0% 0% 2% 2% 5% 0% 4% 15% JAD12 53% 2%1% 2% 4% 1% 3% 2% 5% 0% 0% 2% 2% 7% 0% 6% 10% JAD04 48% 2% 1% 2% 4% 1%3% 2% 5% 0% 0% 2% 3% 12% 1% 3% 11% ORA02 20% 1% 16% 1% 5% 1% 5% 1% 4% 1%0% 2% 5% 11% 2% 0% 26% ORA03 28% 1% 0% 1% 4% 1% 8% 1% 6% 0% 0% 2% 1% 4%2% 2% 40% PUR03 0% 0% 7% 0% 2% 0% 15% 0% 4% 0% 0% 0% 5% 19% 6% 0% 40%PUR01 0% 0% 2% 0% 18% 0% 11% 0% 7% 3% 0% 3% 3% 14% 4% 0% 35% PUR13 0% 0%2% 0% 5% 0% 27% 0% 8% 0% 0% 0% 4% 11% 2% 0% 39% PUR06 0% 0% 0% 0% 4% 0%24% 0% 11% 1% 0% 1% 4% 11% 4% 1% 42% PUR05 0% 0% 8% 0% 2% 0% 13% 0% 3%0% 0% 0% 4% 14% 6% 0% 50% PUR11 0% 0% 2% 0% 4% 0% 24% 0% 7% 0% 0% 0% 3%9% 2% 0% 44% PUR13 0% 0% 0% 0% 12% 0% 23% 0% 11% 0% 0% 0% 5% 12% 0% 0%38% PUR12 0% 0% 0% 0% 14% 0% 16% 0% 8% 2% 0% 0% 5% 11% 2% 0% 44% RED080% 0% 27% 0% 19% 0% 18% 0% 7% 4% 0% 4% 3% 11% 3% 0% 3% SIL04 0% 0% 5% 0%31% 0% 3% 0% 5% 4% 1% 4% 6% 21% 9% 0% 9% SIL06 0% 0% 12% 0% 35% 0% 6% 0%9% 6% 0% 6% 2% 9% 3% 0% 10% SIL05 0% 0% 0% 0% 34% 0% 3% 0% 6% 4% 0% 4%3% 11% 16% 0% 17% SIL03 0% 0% 0% 0% 31% 0% 3% 0% 5% 3% 0% 3% 4% 14% 14%0% 20% SIL02 0% 0% 0% 0% 35% 0% 3% 0% 6% 4% 0% 4% 6% 22% 13% 0% 6% SIL010% 0% 0% 0% 30% 0% 3% 0% 5% 4% 0% 4% 5% 20% 14% 0% 14% WHI07 0% 0% 3% 0%31% 3% 4% 0% 5% 3% 0% 4% 8% 31% 3% 0% 6% WHI04 0% 0% 0% 0% 33% 0% 2% 0%5% 3% 0% 3% 7% 28% 8% 0% 10% WHI09 0% 0% 0% 0% 29% 0% 2% 0% 5% 3% 0% 0%12% 33% 3% 0% 10% WHI01 0% 0% 0% 0% 27% 0% 2% 0% 4% 3% 0% 3% 11% 31% 0%0% 17% WHI14 0% 0% 0% 0% 28% 0% 2% 0% 4% 3% 0% 4% 10% 28% 10% 1% 11%WHI05 0% 0% 0% 0% 29% 0% 3% 0% 5% 3% 0% 2% 10% 37% 2% 1% 9% WHI06 1% 0%0% 0% 33% 0% 2% 0% 5% 3% 1% 1% 10% 29% 3% 1% 11% WHI02 0% 0% 0% 0% 28%0% 3% 0% 5% 2% 0% 0% 13% 34% 3% 0% 10% YEL03 35% 2% 11% 2% 10% 0% 3% 1%5% 5% 0% 2% 2% 8% 2% 0% 11% YEL05 43% 2% 12% 2% 6% 1% 3% 2% 5% 1% 0% 2%4% 11% 0% 1% 8% YEL02 35% 2% 15% 1% 9% 1% 3% 1% 5% 1% 0% 2% 2% 7% 3% 0%11%

Example 4. Analysis of CBs Parental Varieties A. Proprietary CBsParental Varieties

One objective of the present invention was to develop cannabis varietiesproducing non-THC cannabinoids (CBs) with high terpene oil contents anddifferent terpene profiles to meet various aroma/flavor and medicinalneeds. Chemical analysis of these CBs varieties was conducted asdescribed in Example 1. The cannabinoid and terpene profiles of each CBsparental variety was determined using both GC-FID and HPLC as describedin Example 1. The resulting measurements are summarized in Tables 10-22as average values and 95% confidence interval ranges based on fivereplicate measurements. The GC-FID cannabinoid analysis of the CBDparental varieties in Table 10 also included measurements for THCV,CBDV, CBGV, CBN, and Delta 8 THC, all of which were measured to be lessthan 0.01%, and were therefore not included in the table. Similarly, theHPLC cannabinoid analysis of the CBD parental varieties in Table 11included measurements for CBCA, THCVA, CBDVA, CBGVA, CBC, THCV, CBDV,CBGV, and CBN, all of which were measured to be less than 0.01%, andwere therefore not included in the table.

As can be seen in Tables 10 and 11, CBD01, 24, 11, and 13 are chemotypeIII varieties, with a B_(D)/B_(D) genotype responsible for producingCBD, or CBDA (as measured by HPLC). The other parental CBD lines(CBD02-05), have been bred to be chemotype II plants with B_(T)/B_(D)genotypes producing both THC and CBD. These proprietary lines were bredfor more desirable terpene profiles through multiple rounds of crosseswith THC class varieties and selfing to obtain desired genetics. CBD05exhibits several desirable features such as the production of both THCand CBD, as well as a terpene profile that is not dominated by myrcene(Table 13).

THCV-producing parental line THV01 was also bred for its ability toproduce propyl CBGV. THV01 does not accumulate CBGV due to itsconversion to THCV by THC synthase. The GC-FID cannabinoid analysis ofthe THV01 parental line in Table 14 also included measurements for CBDV,CBGV, CBN, and Delta 8 THC, all of which were measured to be less than0.01%, and were therefore not included in the table. Similarly, the HPLCcannabinoid analysis of the THV01 parental line in Table 15 includedmeasurements for CBDA, CBCA, CBDVA, CBGVA, CBD, CBC, THCV, CBDV, CBGV,CBN, and delta 8 THC, all of which were measured to be 0, and weretherefore not included in the table. CBGV is produced by combiningdivarinic acid and geranylpyrophosphate. This is regulated by locus Awhich can encode for enzymes to generate pentyl CBG (A_(pe)) or propylCBGV (A_(pr)) (De Meijer et al. 2009 Euphytica, 165:293-31). Thus ifcrossed with a CBD producing chemotype II plant, the THCV locus A isexpected to produce both THCV and CBDV. As can be seen in Tables 14 and15, the parental THV01 line contains at least one allele encoding forpropyl cannabinoids with THC and THCV cannabinoids accumulating atroughly equal amounts. The alleles of locus B appear to be B_(T)/B_(T)with no significant accumulation of CBD. Further, these THC synthasegenes appear to be functioning efficiently converting nearly all CBG andCBGV into THC and THCV respectively. In some embodiments, the THV01parental line may be crossed with class varieties to produce THCVproducing specialty cannabis with desirable terpene profiles. In otherembodiments of the present invention, the THV01 parental line can becrossed with chemotype II varieties to produce THCV and CBDVcannabinoids. In yet other embodiments, the THV01 parental line can becrossed with CBG accumulating varieties described to produce CBGVaccumulating plants.

The present invention also teaches the use of two sources of CBGgenetics. The first set of CBG-producing parental lines are plantsBLK02, GOD11, GRE01, RED08, and YEL05 of the THC parentals in Table 6.While not wishing to be bound by any one theory, the inventors of thepresent invention believe that the CBG produced by these plants is dueto the incomplete processing of CBG by the THC and CBD synthase enzymes.This may be caused by an over production of CBG, or the inefficientprocessing of the THC synthase enzymes of the plant. Progeny of theseparental lines are expected to produce low levels of CBG in combinationwith other cannabinoids and desirable terpene profiles.

B. Additional CBs Parental Varieties

Another source of CBG-producing parental lines is CBG variety CBG02 inTable 18. While not wishing to be bound by any one theory, the inventorsof the present invention believe that the CBG accumulation in thisvariety is due to the presence of a null allele (Bo). Progeny of theseparental varieties are expected to produce higher levels of CBG, alone,or in combination with other cannabinoids and desirable terpeneprofiles. The HPLC cannabinoid analysis of the CBG02 parental line inTable 19 included measurements for CBDA, CBCA, THCVA, CBDVA, CBGVA, CBD,CBC, THCV, CBDV, CBGV, CBN, and delta 8 THC, all of which were measuredto be less than 0.09, and were therefore not included in the table.

A CBC parental variety will be obtained by screening plants for CBCaccumulation in mature tissue. While it is believed that CBCbiosynthesis is a feature of juvenile tissue, several reports havepublished reports suggesting the existence of cannabis varietiesaccumulating CBC in older tissue (De Meijer et al., 2009 “Theinheritance of chemical phenotype in Cannabis sativa L. (III): variationin cannabichromene proportion”). Table 22 outlines some of thepublications describing varieties with CBC accumulation that will beanalyzed for high CBC accumulation. The best varieties identifiedthrough chemical and phenotypical analysis will be designated asCBC01-CBC05.

TABLE 10 Cannabinoid measurement by GC-FID for CBD parental varieties.Blank values indicate undetectable levels or 0 Cannabinoids (GC-FID) THCCBD CBG CBC Cannabs by GC THC:CBD by GC Cannabs / Terps (GC) Sample Wt%95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Ratio95% Cl CBD01 0.42% 0.08% 11.13% 0.01% 0.41% 0.10% 0.60% 0.05% 12.56%0.23% 0.04 0.01 5.33 0.36 CBD03 3.48% 0.73% 6.77% 1.37% 0.27% 0.06%0.46% 0.06% 10.99% 2.19% 0.51 0.04 11.90 2.19 CBD02 1.96% 1.78% 4.53%3.98% 0.35% 0.28% 7.08% 6.36% 0.43 0.02 3.81 3.37 CBD05 4.13% 0.36%7.99% 0.75% 0.30% 0.08% 0.55% 0.05% 12.96% 0.56% 0.52 0.09 8.06 1.21CBD04 5.24% 5.74% 0.16% 0.44% 11.65% 0.91 13.19 CBD24 0.19% 8.03% 0.19%0.47% 8.87% 0.02 9.01 CBD011 0.18% 6.03% 0.10% 0.47% 6.78% 0.03 7.76CBD13 0.25% 8.20% 0.14% 0.59% 9.18% 0.03 4.03 ^(∗)LOQ for allcannabinoids was 0.14%.

TABLE 11 Cannabinoid measurement by HPLC for CBD parental varieties.Blank values indicate undetectable levels or 0 Cannabinoids (UHPLC) THCACBDA CBGA THC CBD CBG D8-THC Cannabs by HPLC THCA:CBDA by HPLC Cannabs /Terps (HPLC) Sample Wt% 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt% 95%Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Ratio 95% Cl CBD01 0.38%0.13% 14.87% 0.05% 0.50% 0.17% 0.05% 0.06% 0.43% 0.06% 0.16% 16.34%0.26% 0.03 0.01 6.94 0.48 CBD03 4.30% 1.05% 9.48% 1.92% 0.34% 0.06%0.15% 0.09% 0.13% 0.03% 14.33% 2.76% 0.45 0.03 15.55 2.97 CBD02 2.27%1.94% 6.22% 5.39% 1.18% 0.60% 0.42% 9.35% 8.66% 0.37 0.00 5.04 4.59CBD05 5.24% 0.19% 10.77% 0.83% 0.30% 0.14% 0.20% 0.13% 0.14% 0.02% 0.11%0.02% 16.76% 0.74% 0.49 0.04 10.41 1.53 CBD04 8.32% 7.53% 0.23% 0.48%0.16% 16.71% 1.10 18.93 CBD24 0.24% 14.92% 0.38% 0.03% 0.14% 15.71% 0.0215.97 CBD11 0.15% 10.29% 0.14% 0.32% 0.32% 0.32% 11.54% 0.01 13.20Cannabinoids (UHPLC) THCA CBDA CBGA THC CBD CBG D8-THC Cannabs by HPLCTHCA:CBDA by HPLC Cannabs / Terps (HPLC) Sample Wt% 95% Cl Wt % 95% ClWt% 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt%95% Cl Ratio 95% Cl CBD13 0.23% 13.67% 0.21% 0.76% 0.36% 0.04% 15.27%0.02 6.70 ^(∗)LOQ for all cannabinoids was 0.14%.

TABLE 12 Absolute terpene measurements by GC-FID for CBD parentalvarieties. Blank values indicate undetectable levels or 0 Terpenes(GC-FID) terpinolene alpha phellandrene beta ocimene carene limonenegamma terpinen e alpha pinene alpha terpinen e beta pinene fencholcamphe ne alpha terpineol alpha humulen e beta caryophyl lene linaloolcary oxide myrcene Total identified oil (wt%) Sample Wt % 95% Cl Wt %95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt %95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt %95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl CBD01 0.086%0.011% 0.447% 0.087% 0.195% 0.024% 0.015% 0.026% 0.269% 0.003% 0.029%0.131% 0.001% 1.122% 0.012% 2.360% 0.202% CBD03 0.061% 0.017% 0.213%0.078% 0.085% 0.029% 0.016% 0.001% 0.023% 0.001% 0.027% 0.008% 0.077%0.022% 0.034% 0.005% 0.030% 0.005% 0.419% 0.097% 0.949% 0.204% CBD020.119% 0.037% 0.421% 0.173% 0.182% 0.068% 0.027% 0.046% 0.015% 0.146%0.020% 0.049% 0.054% 0.877% 0.208% 1.841% 0.139% CBD05 0.122% 0.071%0.073% 0.016% 0.458% 0.101% 0.119% 0.019% 0.229% 0.090% 0.015% 0.234%0.048% 0.092% 0.049% 0.014% 0.358% 0.152% 1.635% 0.331% CBD04 0.189%0.027% 0.025% 0.049% 0.068% 0.216% 0.065% 0.230% 0.883% CBD24 0.167%0.013% 0.030% 0.018% 0.023% 0.042% 0.131% 0.057% 0.503% 0.984% CBD110.157% 0.009% 0.021% 0.013% 0.044% 0.016% 0.060% 0.028% 0.526% 0.874%CBD13 0.179% 0.186% 0.100% 0.014% 0.063% 0.062% 0.204% 0.022% 1.450%2.280% ^(∗)LOQ for all terpenes was 0.02% except for alpha-pinene,linalool, and alpha-terpineol which were 0.04%.

TABLE 13 Relative terpene levels as measured by GC-FID for CBD parentalvarieties. Blank values indicate undetectable levels or 0 TerpenesSample terpinolene alpha phellandrene beta ocimene carene limonene gammaterpinene alpha pinene alpha terpinene beta pinene fenchol camphenealpha terpineol alpha humulene beta caryophyllene linalool cary oxidemyrcene CBD1 4% 19% 8% 1% 1% 11% 1% 6% 48% CBD3 6% 22% 9% 2% 2% 3% 8% 4%3% 44% CBD2 6% 23% 10% 1% 2% 8% 3% 3% 48% CBD5 7% 4% 28% 7% 14% 5% 14%6% 1% 22% CBD4 21% 3% 3% 6% 8% 24% 7% 26% CBD24 17% 1% 3% 2% 2% 4% 13%6% 51% CBD11 18% 1% 2% 1% 5% 2% 7% 3% 60% CBD13 8% 8% 4% 1% 3% 3% 9% 1%64%

TABLE 14 Cannabinoid measurement by GC-FID for THCV parental varieties.Blank values indicate undetectable levels Cannabinoids (GC-FID) THC CBDCBG CBC THCV Cannabs by GC THC:THCV by GC Cannabs / Terps (GC) SampleWt% 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl THV01 4.52% 3.22% 0.01% 0.56% 0.39% 0.05% 0.03%3.27% 1.81% 8.40% 5.46% 1.35 0.24 5.36 2.33 ^(∗)LOQ for all cannabinoidswas 0.14%.

TABLE 15 Cannabinoid measurement by HPLC for THCV parental varieties.Blank values indicate undetectable levels, or 0 Cannabinoids (UHPLC)THCA CBGA THCVA THC CBG Cannabs by HPLC THCA:THCVA by HPLC Cannabs /Terps (HPLC) Sample Wt% 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt %95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl THV01 4.05% 0.58% 3.85% 0.22%0.06% 4.38% 8.58% 1.05 6.50 ^(∗)LOQ for all cannabinoids was 0.14%.

TABLE 16 Absolute terpene measurements by GC-FID for THCV parentalvarieties. Blank values indicate undetectable levels or 0 Terpenes(GC-FID) terpinole ne alpha phellandr ene beta ocimene carene limonenegamma terpinene alpha pinene alpha terpinene beta pinene fenchol camphene alpha terpineol alpha humulene beta caryophylle ne linalool cary oxidemyrcene Total identified oil (wt%) Samp le Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt %95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt %95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt %95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl THV0 1 0.297% 0.008% 0.192%0.031% 0.063% 0.028% 0.039% 0.013% 0.023% 0.009% 0.029% 0.012% 0.086%0.028% 0.175% 0.098% 0.029% 0.012% 0.597% 0.115% 1.528% 0.354%

TABLE 17 Relative terpene levels as measured by GC-FID for THCV parentalvarieties. Blank values indicate undetectable levels or 0 TerpenesSample terpinolene alpha phellandrene beta ocimene carene limonene gammaterpinene alpha pinene alpha terpinene beta pinene fenchol camphenealpha terpineol alpha humulene beta caryophyllene linalool cary oxidemyrcene THV01 19% 13% 4% 3% 1% 2% 6% 11% 2% 39%

TABLE 18 Cannabinoid measurement by GC-FID for CBG parental varieties.Blank values indicate undetectable levels or 0 Cannabinoids (GC-FID) THCCBD CBG CBC THCV CBDV CBGV CBN D8–THC Cannabs by GC THC:CBG by GCCannabs/Terps (GC) Sample Wt% 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt% 95% ClWt% 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt%95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl CBG02 8.41% 0.02% 2.66% 0.17% 0.15% 11.40% 3.16 13.13

TABLE 19 Cannabinoid measurement by HPLC for CBG parental varieties.Blank values indicate undetectable levels or 0 Cannabinoids (UHPLC) THCACBGA THC CBG Cannabs by HPLC THCA:CBGA by HPLC Cannabs / Terps (HPLC)Sample Wt% 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt %95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl CBG02 8.84% 3.89% 2.59% 0.35% 15.75% 2.27 18.15^(∗)LOQ for all cannabinoids was 0.14%.

TABLE 20 Absolute terpene measurements by GC-FID for CBG parentalvarieties. Blank values indicate undetectable levels or 0 Terpenes(GC-FID) terpinolene alpha phellandrene beta ocimene carene limonenegamma terpinene alpha pinene alpha terpinene beta pinene fencholcamphene alpha terpineol alpha humulene beta caryophyllene linalool caryoxide myrcene Total identified oil (wt%) Sample Wt% 95 % Cl Wt% 95% ClWt % 95% Cl Wt % 95 % Cl Wt % 95 % Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95 % Cl Wt % 95%Cl Wt % 95 % Cl Wt % 95 % Cl Wt % 95 % Cl Wt % 95 % Cl Wt % 95 % Cl Wt %95 % Cl Wt % 95 % Cl Wt % 95 % Cl Wt % 95 % Cl Wt % 95% Cl CBG02 0.267%0.030% 0.066% 0.026% 0.076% 0.200% 0.059% 0.144% 0.868% ^(∗)LOQ for allterpenes was 0.02% except for alpha-pinene, linalool, andalpha-terpineol which were 0.04%.

TABLE 21 Relative terpene levels as measured by GC-FID for CBG parentalvarieties. Blank values indicate undetectable levels or 0 TerpenesSample terpinolene alpha phellandrene beta ocimene carene limonene gammaterpinene alpha pinene beta pinene fenchol camphene alpha terpinealalpha humulene alpha humulene beta caryophyllene linalool cary oxidemyrcene CBG02 31% 3% 8% 3% 9% 23% 7% 17%

TABLE 22 Sources of CBC parental varieties. Reference for CannabisVarieties Accumulating CBC Baker, PB et al., (1983) “The Physical andchemical features of Cannabis plants grown in the United Kingdom ofGreat Britain and Northern Ireland from seeds of known origin- Part II:second generation studies.” Bull Narc 35:51-62. Beutler JA, and DerMarderosian AH (1978) “Chemotaxonomy of Cananbis I. Crossbreedingbetween Cannabis sativa and C. ruderalis, with analysis of cannabinoidcontent.” Econ Bot 32:387-394. Yotoriyama, M et al., (1980) “Plantbreeding of Cannabis. Determination of cannabinoids by high-pressureliquid chromatography.” Yakugaku Zasshi 100:611-614. Holley et al.,(1975) “Contituents of Cannabis sativa L. XI: cannabidiol andcannabichromene in samples of known geographical origin.” J Pharm Sci64:892-894.

Example 5. Breeding Scheme for New Specialty Cannabis Varieties

In another objective of the present invention, the cannabis varieties ofExamples 2-4 are used in cannabis breeding programs to develop specialtycannabis plants and varieties. Furthermore, the specialty cannabisvarieties developed according to the present invention have specificaromas, flavor(s), and entourage effects in accordance with one of theclasses of cannabis varieties as discussed above.

This approach was designed in part, as a response to the fact thatcurrently available cannabis varieties have been skewed towards higherTHC production, which has increased the likelihood of adverse effectsfrom the elevated levels of psychoactivity that these conventionalhigh-THC varieties produce.

Contemporary “recreational” marijuana cultivars have been exclusivelybred and selected primarily for their THC acid content, secondarily (ifat all) for their terpenoid aroma and flavor chemistry, and rarely fortheir production of the other cannabinoid acids, such as CBDA.

Cannabidiol (CBD), a cannabinoid that is rare in contemporary cannabisvarieties, has been shown to reduce and modulate the psychoactivity ofTHC and also reduce some of THC’s other adverse effects includingtachycardia, anxiety, memory effects, etc. There is some evidence thatCBD may reduce the buildup of tolerance to the effects of THC and alsoreduce the likelihood of cannabis dependency. Other cannabinoids (CBs)such as CBDv, THCv, CBG, CBN, etc have also recently been demonstratedto have a variety of medical and recreational uses.

In some embodiments, the breeding programs of the present invention weredesigned to combine THC with non-THC CBs. Furthermore, the specialtycannabis varieties of the present invention were additionally selectedfor their ability to produce terpenes that are appealing to patients andthat may also provide a pharmacological activity that modifies, enhancesor ameliorates the effects of THC. In contrast, publicly-availablecontemporary hemp varieties that are high in CBD do not produce thepleasing organoleptic attributes of contemporary high-THC marijuanacultivars. Indeed, all known chemotype II or chemotype III plantsproduce myrcene dominant terpene profiles which do not have pleasingaroma/flavor, and do not have the entourage effects brought on by higherlevels of non-myrcene terpenes. Thus, an objective of the presentinvention is to combine THC with higher CBs and diverse terpene profilesso as to produce specialty cannabis varieties with these pleasing aromasand flavors that were unavailable until the present invention.

In other embodiments, the breeding programs of the present inventionwere designed to produce THC:CBs expressing plants with higher terpeneoil content. In some embodiments, the higher oil contents of thespecialty cannabis of the present invention produce pleasingaromas/flavors. In other embodiments the higher oil levels of thespecialty cannabis of the present invention allows the terpenes reachhigh enough levels to reduce THC side effects. In some embodiments, thehigher terpene oil contents of the specialty cannabis of the presentinvention increase the amount of entourage effects of the terpenes inthe terpene profile. In some embodiments, the specialty cannabis plantsof the present invention produce myrcene dominant plants with improvedaroma/flavor and entourage effects by increasing the terpene oilcontent.

One embodiment of the present invention is to produce specialty cannabisvarieties with high essential oil content, in particularly, mono- andsesquiterpenes. The breeding objectives of the present invention areopposite to the face of modern recreational marijuana breedingstrategies which have focused almost solely on breeding for higherlevels of THC content alone.

According to one embodiment of the present invention a THC class varietyis crossed to a CBs producing line to produce F1 seed which were grownto produce F1 progeny. The resultant F1 progeny can be fixed throughasexual reproduction and/or used in further breeding schemes. Five CBDlines were chosen to use in the initial breeding program: CBD1, CBD2,CBD3, CBD4 and CBD5 (see Example 3). Similarly, THC class varieties canbe crossed to the THV01, CBC01, and CBG01 parental varieties of thepresent invention. According to one embodiment of the the presentinvention, each of these CBD, THCV, and CBG lines is crossed to one ormore cannabis varieties which are described above and summarized inExample 3. In another embodiment, the present invention teaches crossesof any of the parental varieties with each other. Thus, for example, oneor more GOLD Class varieties are crossed to each of CBD1, CBD2, CBD3,CBD4, CBD5, THV01, CBC01, or CBG plants to produce F1 populations tocreate (GOLD Class x CBD; GOLD Class x THV01; or GOLD Class x CBG)combinations. In some embodiments, CBs producing parental varieties mayalso be crossed among themselves (e.g., CBD05 selfed, or CBD05 X THV01)Following is a list of the iterations for each of the Class x CBD, Classx THV, and Class x CBG crosses (Tables 23 and 24).

TABLE 23 Example crosses between Color Class cannabis varieties and CBDparental lines CBD01 Crosses CBD02 Crosses CBD03 Crosses CBD04 CrossesCBD05 Crosses AZURE X CBD01 AZURE X CBD02 AZURE X CBD03 AZURE X CBD04AZURE X CBD05 BLACK X CBD01 BLACK X CBD02 BLACK X CBD03 BLACK X CBD04BLACK X CBD05 BLUE X CBD01 BLUE X CBD02 BLUE X CBD03 BLUE X CBD04 BLUE XCBD05 BRONZE X CBD01 BRONZE X CBD02 BRONZE X CBD03 BRONZE X CBD04 BRONZEX CBD05 BROWN X CBD01 BROWN X CBD02 BROWN X CBD03 BROWN X CBD04 BROWN XCBD05 FUSCIA X CBD01 FUSCIA X CBD02 FUSCIA X CBD03 FUSCIA X CBD04 FUSCIAX CBD05 GOLD X CBD01 GOLD X CBD02 GOLD X CBD03 GOLD X CBD04 GOLD X CBD05GREEN X CBD01 GREEN X CBD02 GREEN X CBD03 GREEN X CBD04 GREEN X CBD05GREY X CBD01 GREY X CBD02 GREY X CBD03 GREY X CBD04 GREY X CBD05 JADE XCBD01 JADE X CBD02 JADE X CBD03 JADE X CBD04 JADE X CBD05 LEMON X CBD01LEMON X CBD02 LEMON X CBD03 LEMON X CBD04 LEMON X CBD05 MAGENTA X CBD01MAGENTA X CBD02 MAGENTA X CBD03 MAGENTA X CBD04 MAGENTA X CBD05 NAVY XCBD01 NAVY X CBD02 NAVY X CBD03 NAVY X CBD04 NAVY X CBD05 OLIVE X CBD01OLIVE X CBD02 OLIVE X CBD03 OLIVE X CBD04 OLIVE X CBD05 ORANGE X CBD01ORANGE X CBD02 ORANGE X CBD03 ORANGE X CBD04 ORANGE X CBD05 PINK X CBD01PINK X CBD02 PINK X CBD03 PINK X CBD04 PINK X CBD05 PURPLE X CBD01PURPLE X CBD02 PURPLE X CBD03 PURPLE X CBD04 PURPLE X CBD05 RED X CBD01RED X CBD02 RED X CBD03 RED X CBD04 RED X CBD05 SEA X CBD01 SEA X CBD02SEA X CBD03 SEA X CBD04 SEA X CBD05 SILVER X CBD01 SILVER X CBD02 SILVERX CBD03 SILVER X CBD04 SILVER X CBD05 TAN X CBD01 TAN X CBD02 TAN XCBD03 TAN X CBD04 TAN X CBD05 VIOLET X CBD01 VIOLET X CBD02 VIOLET XCBD03 VIOLET X CBD04 VIOLET X CBD05 WHITE X CBD01 WHITE X CBD02 WHITE XCBD03 WHITE X CBD04 WHITE X CBD05 YELLOW X CBD01 YELLOW X CBD02 YELLOW XCBD03 YELLOW X CBD04 YELLOW X CBD05

TABLE 24 Example crosses between Color Class cannabis varieties andother CBs (THCV/CBDV, CBC, CBG) parental lines THV01 Crosses CBC01Crosses CBG02 Crosses AZURE X THV01 AZURE X CBC01 AZURE X CBG02 BLACK XTHV01 BLACK X CBC01 BLACK X CBG02 BLUE X THV01 BLUE X CBC01 BLUE X CBG02BRONZE X THV01 BRONZE X CBC01 BRONZE X CBG02 BROWN X THV01 BROWN X CBC01BROWN X CBG02 FUSCIA X THV01 FUSCIA X CBC01 FUSCIA X CBG02 GOLD X THV01GOLD X CBC01 GOLD X CBG02 GREEN X THV01 GREEN X CBC01 GREEN X CBG02 GREYX THV01 GREY X CBC01 GREY X CBG02 JADE X THV01 JADE X CBC01 JADE X CBG02LEMON X THV01 LEMON X CBC01 LEMON X CBG02 MAGENTA X THV01 MAGENTA XCBC01 MAGENTA X CBG02 NAVY X THV01 NAVY X CBC01 NAVY X CBG02 OLIVE XTHV01 OLIVE X CBC01 OLIVE X CBG02 ORANGE X THV01 ORANGE X CBC01 ORANGE XCBG02 PINK X THV01 PINK X CBC01 PINK X CBG02 PURPLE X THV01 PURPLE XCBC01 PURPLE X CBG02 RED X THV01 RED X CBC01 RED X CBG02 SEA X THV01 SEAX CBC01 SEA X CBG02 SILVER X THV01 SILVER X CBC01 SILVER X CBG02 TAN XTHV01 TAN X CBC01 TAN X CBG02 VIOLET X THV01 VIOLET X CBC01 VIOLET XCBG02 WHITE X THV01 WHITE X CBC01 WHITE X CBG02 YELLOW X THV01 YELLOW XCBC01 YELLOW X CBG02

In one representative version of this breeding regime the resultant F1progeny can be selfed to produce F2 seed which are grown to produce F2progeny. Selection for desirable phenotypes and/or genotypes can beconducted within the F1, F2, or subsequent progeny since the selectionscan be maintained (i.e., fixed) via asexual reproduction. Alternatively,the F2 progeny can be crossed among themselves to produce a bulked F3population from which desired progeny can be selected and/or furthergenerations of crossing can be conducted. In another embodiment, theresultant F1 progeny can by backcrossed to the THC class or CBs varietyto further reinforce the traits of other parent. In yet anotherrepresentative version of this breeding scheme F1, F2, or subsequentprogeny may also be crossed to additional CBs varieties to create evenmore complex cannabinoid combinations. For example, Color Class X THV01F1’s can be subsequently crossed with a CBD variety in order to produceTHV, CBDV progeny. Regardless of the exact crossing/selection procedure,selected lines can be chosen so as to have a total THC content ≤90.0%, atotal CBs content ≥1.5%, and a desirable aroma and flavor profiles. Inanother embodiment of the present invention, regardless of the exactselfing/selection procedure, the selected lines can be chosen so as tohave a total THC:CBs ratio of greater than 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1,3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:9, and lower, and adesirable aroma and flavor.

According to the present invention, the lines can also be furtherselected for a specific content of certain other cannabinoids and/or ofcertain terpenes/terpenoids, and/or for additional phenotypic andgenotypic characteristics. Desirable phenotypic characteristics includebut are not limited to larger plant size (i.e., greater bulk orbiomass), higher production of flower buds, larger flowers, moretrichomes, shorter plant stature, ability to tolerate lower and/orhigher growing temperatures, greater germination percentage, greaterseedling vigor, more efficient water usage, disease resistance, pestresistance, and other desirable agronomic and production traits. For anoverview of diseases and pests of importance to cannabis production seeClarke et al. (2000) Hemp Diseases and Pests: Management and BiologicalControl: An Advanced Treatise (CABI Publishing).

In an alternative version of this breeding regime the selected F2progeny are backcrossed to the Class variety as the recurrent parent.Selection for desirable phenotypes and/or genotypes can be conductedafter this initial backcross, after any subsequent backcross (e.g.,progeny obtained after 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more backcrosses). Insome embodiments, selected lines will have a total THC content ≤90.0%, atotal CBs content ≥1.5%, and an aroma and flavor profiles typical of itsclass. In other embodiments of this breeding scheme selected lines canbe chosen to have a total THC:CBs ratio of greater than 8:1 andapproaching 1:1 and lower, and an aroma and flavor(s) typical of itsclass. The lines can also be further selected for a specific content ofcertain other cannabinoids and/or of certain terpenes/terpenoids, and/orfor additional phenotypic and genotypic characteristics.

The progeny resulting from any selection stage of either the selfing orbackcrossing versions of the breeding regimes of the present inventioncan be asexually reproduced so as to fix and maintain the desirable THCcontent, CBs content, the aroma and flavor(s) typical of the desiredclass, and the other desirable phenotypic and/or genotypiccharacteristics. The resultant selected lines will be designated asSpecialty Cannabis Varieties.

The progeny resulting from any stage of either the selfing orbackcrossing versions of this regime can also be crossed to othercannabis plants/varieties within, between or among the various classesof cannabis so as to produce additional plants for selection andmaintenance through asexual reproduction. In this way, specialtycannabis varieties with various, desired flavor combinations can beproduced and subsequently maintained through asexual reproduction.

The resultant specialty cannabis plants of the present invention alsogenerally have more terpene essential oil content per plant thancontemporary marijuana varieties. More essential oil per plant meansless plant matter is required per treatment/administration, thereby alsofurther minimizing any health risks for medical and recreationalcannabis smokers. This would also further increase productionefficiency.

The inventors of the present invention hypothesized that breeding plantswith increased CBD, or THCV content would alleviate most of the commonlyrecognized real and perceived adverse effects of high THC cannabis.According to the present invention, a direct result of increased CBD islower THC content because THC synthase and CBD synthase are allelic.Thus, another objective of the present invention was to create specialtycannabis varieties with an ‘optimal’ dose of THC and resulting in themost efficacious ratio of THC:CBD or THCV:THC.

According to the present invention, it is possible to apply dosage datato creating custom blended granular mixes for rolled delivery, pelletsfor bowls and house one-hitters, extracts for dabs, etc. with theflowers of these highly resinous newly-developed varieties with designedcannabinoid content so as to reduce adverse effects associated with THC.

Gold Class Breeding Regime for THC:CBD Producing Plants

Example Basic Breeding Scheme. The initial cross for the Gold Class CBDBreeding Regime that can be conducted as follows: P1 (GOLD Line (GO13) xP2 (CBD Line (CBD1). The hybrid cross between Parent 1 (P1) and Parent 2(P2) could only be achieved by induction of staminate flowers on thepistillate plants by an exogenous application of the chemical silverthiosulfate. This process allows otherwise pistillate (female) plants tobe coaxed to produce staminate, pollen bearing flowers. During thisprocess, to investigate and exclude the possibility of maternallyinherited genetic factors, reciprocal crosses can be made where both P1can be induced to produce pollen and fertilize P2 (Line 1A), and P2 canbe induced to produce pollen and fertilize P1 (Line 1B).

These crosses result in the production of two F1 populations = CBD-GOLDLines 1A, 1B. Individuals from the F1 lines of each F1 population can beanalyzed via GC/MS to determine their respective chemotypes. It isexpected that the F1 populations will comprise individuals that show aChemotype II cannabinoid distribution, with intermediate levels of bothtetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD).

Plants with suitable terpene contents and profiles can be‘self-fertilized’ to create a series F2 segregating populations orfamilies; all non-desirable lines can be rejected from the breedingregimen. In this way, a series of F2’s can be created = 1AF2a, 1AF2b,1AF2c, 1BF2a, 1BF2b, 1BF2c, etc.

F2 families can be propagated and screened via GC/MS to determineindividual chemotypes; it is expected that in the F2 segregatingpopulations we will see chemotype I, chemotype II, and chemotype IIIplants. Chemotype I plants can be discarded and only chemotype II andchemotype III plants can be retained and again screened by GC/MS toevaluate their suitability in terms of terpene content and profile.

It may also be desirable to mate selected F1 lines via a backcrossscheme to the P1 GO13 to reinforce the GOLD genetic background, althoughdoing so will re-introduce B(t) alleles (i.e., the alleles that encodefor THC production) into the breeding population, resulting in apopulation of chemotype I and II plants.

Similar breeding schemes may be followed to obtain additional class-CBDprogeny by repeating the steps described for GO13 with other classvarieties and/or CBD parental lines.

Example 6. Development of THC:CBD Specialty Cannabis Varieties

Unique parental THC and CBD lines from Examples 2-4 were selected andone of the parental cultivars was treated with silver thiosulfate tocoax the pistillate plant to produce staminate, pollen-bearing flowers.The THC and CBD lines were then crossed, the resulting progeny werescreened by TLC to identify plants producing both THC and CBD, or CBDalone. Progeny exhibiting the desired chemotype II and III profile wereallowed to reach maturity and the flowers were harvested and processed.In general, field observations could detect the crosses with the desiredcharacteristics, however this was verified by chemotype analysis and thefinal flower was analyzed for cannabinoid and terpene content. Table 25outlines the initial crosses performed with THC class varieties and CBDparental lines. The crosses produced progeny approaching ratiossupporting the single locus model for THC and CBD synthase. TLC resultsdescribed in the table show the field-determined chemotype of theprogeny (chemotype II- THC and CBD producing, and chemotype III- CBDonly).

TABLE 25 Crosses performed between class cannabis varieties and otherCBD parental lines. TLC result indicates chemotype I, II or III P DonorCBD05 P Acceptor CBD05 CBD03 CBD02 CBD02 CBD04 YEL03 PUR01 WHI07 SIL08SIL08 WHI04 WHI01 Code TLC Result Code TLC Result Code TLC Result CodeTLC Result Code TLC Result Code Code TLC Result Code TLC Result Code TLCResult Code TLC Result Code TLC Result Code TLC Result 1 CBD05xP-01 IIICBD03xP-01 III CBD02xP-01 - CBD02xP-31 II CBD04xP-01 + YEL03xP-01 -PUR01xP-01 - WHI07xP-01 II SIL08xP-01 II SIL08xP-31 - WHI04xP-01 -WHI01xP-18 2 CBD05xP-02 II CBD03xP-02 - CBD02xP-02 - CBD02xP-32 IICBD04xP-02 II YEL03xP-02 - PUR01xP-02 - WHI07xP-02 II SIL08xP-02 -SIL08xP-32 - WHI04xP-02 II WHI01xP-19 II 3 CBD05xP-03 - CBD03xP-03 IICBD02xP-03 - CBD02xP-33 - CBD04xP-03 II YEL03xP-03 - PUR01xP-03 -WHI07xP-03 - SIL08xP-03 II SIL08xP-33 - WHI04xP-03 - WHI01xP-22 II 4CBD05xP-04 - CBD03xP-04 CBD02xP-04 - CBD02xP-34 - CBD04xP-04 +YEL03xP-04 - PUR01xP-04 II WHI07xP-04 - SIL08xP-04 - SIL08xP-34 IIWHI04xP-04 - WHI01xP-23 II 5 CBD05xP-05 II CBD03xP-05 II CBD02xP-05 IICBD02xP-35 - CBD04xP-05 + YEL03xP-05 - PUR01xP-05 - WHI07xP-05 -SIL08xP-05 - SIL08xP-35 - WHI04xP-05 - WHI01xP-14 II 6 CBD05xP-06 -CBD03xP-06 - CBD02xP-06 - CBD02xP-36 - CBD04xP-06 +11 YEL03xP-06 -PUR01xP-06 - WHI07xP-06 - SIL08xP-06 - SIL08xP-36 - WHI04xP-06 -WHI01xP-15 III 7 CBD05xP-07 - CBD03xP-07 III CBD02xP-07 - CBD02xP-37 -CBD04xP-07 + YEL03xP-07 - PUR01xP-07 - WHI07xP-07 II SIL08xP-07 -SIL08xP-37 II WHI04xP-07 - WHI01xP-16 8 CBD05xP-08 - CBD03xP-08 -CBD02xP-08 - CBD02xP-38 - YEL03xP-08 - PUR01xP-08 - WHI07xP-08 IISIL08xP-08 II SIL08xP-38 II WHI04xP-08 - WHI01xP-12 II 9 CBD05xP-09 -CBD03xP-09 II CBD02xP-09 II CBD02xP-39 - YEL03xP-09 - PUR01xP-09 -WHI07xP-09 - SIL08xP-09 - SIL08xP-39 - WHI04xP-09 - 10 CBD05xP-10 -CBD03xP-10 II CBD02xP-10 II CBD02xP-40 II YEL03xP-10 - PUR01xP-10 IIWHI07xP-10 - SIL08xP-10 - SIL08xP-40 - 11 CBD05xP-11 - CBD03xP-11 -CBD02xP-11 III CBD02xP-41 - YEL03xP-11 - PUR01xP-11 - WHI07xP-11 IISIL08xP-11 - SIL08xP-41 - 12 CBD05xP-12 - CBD03xP-12 - CBD02xP-12 IICBD02xP-42 - YEL03xP-12 - WHI07xP-12 - SIL08xP-12 - SIL08xP-42 - 13CBD05xP-13 - CBD03xP-13 - CBD02xP-13 CBD02xP-43 - YEL03xP-13 -SIL08xP-13 - SIL08xP-33 - 14 CBD05xP-14 - CBD03xP-14 - CBD02xP-14 IICBD02xP-44 - YEL03xP-14 - SIL08xP-14 II SIL08xP-44 II 15 CBD05xP-15 -CBD03xP-15 - CBD02xP-15 II CBD02xP-45 - YEL03xP-15 - SIL08xP-15 - 16CBD05xP-16 - CBD03xP-16 - CBD02xP-16 - CBD02xP-46 - YEL03xP-16 IISIL08xP-16 - 17 CBD05xP-17 - CBD03xP-17 - CBD02xP-17 II CBD02xP-47 IIYEL03xP-17 - SIL08xP-17 - 18 CBD05xP-18 - CBD03xP-18 - CBD02xP-18 -CBD02xP-48 - YEL03xP-18 - SIL08xP-18 II 19 CBD05xP-19 - CBD03xP-19 -CBD02xP-19 - CBD02xP-49 - YEL03xP-19 - SIL08xP-19 - 20 CBD05xP-20 -CBD03xP-20 - CBD02xP-20 - CBD02xP-50 - YEL03xP-20 - SIL08xP-20 - 21CBD05xP-21 - CBD03xP-21 - CBD02xP-21 - CBD02xP-51 - YEL03xP-21 -SIL08xP-21 - 22 CBD05xP-22 - CBD03xP-22 - CBD02xP-22 - CBD02xP-52 -YEL03xP-22 - SIL08xP-22 - 23 CBD05xP-23 - CBD03xP-23 - CBD02xP-23 -CBD02xP-53 - YEL03xP-23 II SIL08xP-23 - 24 CBD05xP-24 - CBD03xP-24 -CBD02xP-24 - CBD02xP-54 - YEL03xP-24 - SIL08xP-24 - 25 CBD02xP-25 -CBD02xP-55 II YEL03xP-25 - SIL08xP-25 - 26 CBD02xP-26 - YEL03xP-26 IISIL08xP-26 - 27 CBD02xP-27 - YEL03xP-27 II SIL08xP-27 II 28 CBD02xP-28II YEL03xP-28 - SIL08xP-28 - 29 CBD02xP-29 - SIL08xP-29 - 30 CBD02xP-30II SIL08xP-30 II

Example 7. Chemical Analysis of Cannabinoids and Terpenes of THC:CBDSpecialty Cannabis Progeny

The new specialty cannabis varieties created through crosses describedin Examples 5 and 6 were subjected to cannabinoid and terpene chemicalanalysis as described in Example 1. The levels of cannabinoids weremeasured by both GC-FID (Table 26) and HPLC (Table 27). Terpenes weremeasured using GC-FID and are presented as absolute content measurementsbased on the percent content by weight of dry inflorescences (Table 28)and relative content as a percent of the total terpene profile (Table29). The GC-FID cannabinoid analysis of Table 26 also includedmeasurements for THCV, CBDV, CBGV, CBN, and Delta 8 THC, all of whichwere measured to be less than 0.3% and were therefore not included inthe table. Similarly, the HPLC cannabinoid analysis of Table 27 includedmeasurements for CBCA. THCVA, CBDVA, CBGVA, CBC, THCV, CBDV, CBGV, CBNand Delta 8 THC all of which were measured to be less than 0.08%, andwere therefore not included in the table.

Unlike previously available chemotype II or chemotype III plants, thespecialty cannabis of the present invention exhibit chemotype II and IIIgenotypes (B_(T)/B_(D), producing both THC and CBD, or B_(D)/B_(D),producing CBD but no THC) while producing desirable terpene profiles.That is, the breeding program of the present invention has producedchemotype II and III specialty cannabis plants with desirable terpeneprofiles in which the myrcene terpene is not dominant. For example, thePUR01 X P04, PUR01 X P10 and PUR01 X P05 have limonene-dominant terpeneprofiles. In some embodiments, the limonene terpene is expected toimpart the specialty cannabis with a citrusy aroma. In other embodimentsthe limonene terpene is expected to have added anxiolytic properties tocombat the side of effects of THC. In yet another embodiment, thereduced myrcene content of the specialty cannabis will reduce the amountof “couch lock” effect produced by myrcene. In other embodiments, theterpene profiles of the other chemotype II and III progeny providediverse terpene profiles designed to produce desirable aroma/flavors andorganoleptic appeal. In other embodiments, the terpene profiles of thechemotype II progeny allow for terpene entourage effects to reduce theside effects of THC.

The breeding scheme described in Example 6 also produced specialtycannabis plants with increased terpene oil content. For example, progenyCBD02 X P-11 (chemotype III), and SIL08 X P-30 (chemotype II) haveterpene oil contents greater than 1.5%. Several other progeny such asCBD05 X P-01 (chemotype III), and SIL08 X P-34(chemotype III) haveterpene oil contents greater than 2%. In some embodiments, the higheroil content of the specialty cannabis varieties provide “smoother”aromas and flavors and will raise the total terpene levels so asincrease the pharmacological entourage effects of said terpenes. Thehigher oil content results in myrcene becoming the dominant terpene, butit remains less than ⅔ of the relative terpene content providingopportunity for the entourage effects of the other terpenes to emerge.For example despite having a myrcene dominant profile, the SIL08 X P-34specialty cannabis of the present invention is expected to provide abetter organoleptic experience than that of myrcene dominant chemotypeII varieties currently available which tend to have very low terpene oillevels.

TABLE 26 Cannabinoid values as measured by GC-FID for THC:CBD and CBD(chemotype II and III) specialty cannabis varieties. Blank valuesindicate undetectable levels or 0 Cannabinoids (GC-FID) THC CBD CBG CBCCannabs by GC THC:CBD by GC Sample Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% ClWt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Chemotype WHI01xP-15 0.13% 4.90%0.05% 0.38% 5.46% 0.03 III CBD02xP-11 0.25% 0.10% 8.88% 0.68% 0.15%0.05% 0.55% 0.22% 9.83% 1.04% 0.03 0.01 III CBD03xP-01 0.16% 0.04% 5.40%1.81% 0.06% 0.05% 0.38% 0.07% 6.00% 1.97% 0.03 0.00 III CBD03xP-10 0.26%8.35% 0.23% 0.60% 9.43% 0.03 III CBD03xP-07 0.17% 6.22% 1.03% 0.09%0.03% 0.47% 0.03% 6.87% 0.87% 0.03 III CBD04xP-01 0.21% 0.04% 8.34%0.95% 0.16% 0.00% 0.39% 0.11% 9.10% 0.79% 0.03 0.01 III CBD04xP-09 0.22%8.34% 0.18% 0.42% 9.17% 0.03 III CBD05xP-01 0.31% 0.06% 11.05% 1.94%0.27% 0.17% 0.56% 0.12% 12.19% 1.59% 0.03 0.01 III CBD05xS-13 0.21%0.01% 7.69% 1.92% 0.27% 0.11% 0.36% 0.08% 8.53% 1.95% 0.03 0.01 IIIPUR01xP-06 1.59% 4.20% 0.12% 0.28% 6.18% 0.38 II PUR01xP-04 2.20% 0.64%6.00% 1.82% 0.21% 0.02% 0.42% 0.03% 8.83% 2.51% 0.37 0.00 II PUR01xP-101.57% 4.02% 0.21% 0.32% 6.12% 0.39 II PUR01xP-05 1.55% 2.43% 0.09% 0.32%4.40% 0.64 II SIL08xP-01 1.95% 6.20% 0.18% 0.40% 8.73% 0.31 IISIL08xP-08 5.60% 0.53% 5.05% 0.71% 0.19% 0.02% 0.33% 0.04% 11.17% 1.19%1.11 0.05 II SIL08xP-30 6.20% 4.71% 0.21% 0.35% 11.47% 1.32 IISIL08xP-14 2.43% 0.40% 8.57% 1.31% 0.29% 0.06% 0.42% 0.14% 11.71% 1.51%0.28 0.00 II SIL08xP-18 2.33% 7.18% 0.35% 0.44% 10.30% 0.32 IISIL08xP-34 7.65% 6.56% 0.27% 0.53% 15.01% 1.17 II SIL08xP-03 3.86%10.75% 0.49% 0.65% 15.75% 0.36 II Cannabinoids (GC-FID) THC CBD CBG CBCCannabs by GC THC:CBD by GC Sample Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% ClWt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Chemotype SIL08xP-37 3.09% 8.34%0.44% 0.51% 12.37% 0.37 II SIL08xP-38 4.40% 3.57% 0.08% 0.31% 8.36% 1.23II WHI04xP-02 2.68% 8.10% 0.31% 0.51% 11.60% 0.33 II WHI07xP-07 4.62%4.11% 0.17% 0.33% 9.27% 1.12 II WHI07xP-11 2.20% 4.62% 0.15% 0.35% 7.32%0.48 II WHI07xP-01 6.14% 5.26% 0.25% 0.47% 12.13% 1.17 II WHI07xP-083.27% 3.05% 0.15% 0.32% 6.82% 1.07 II WHI07xP-02 2.12% 5.28% 0.22% 0.42%8.03% 0.40 II YEL03xP-23 3.52% 0.51% 6.70% 1.38% 0.24% 0.05% 0.50% 0.06%10.97% 1.78% 0.53 0.03 II YEL03xP-26 2.99% 0.35% 7.23% 1.04% 0.25% 0.02%0.59% 0.06% 11.06% 1.32% 0.41 0.01 II WHI01xP-22 2.60% 6.20% 0.23% 0.56%9.58% 0.42 II WHI01xP-12 3.94% 7.67% 0.16% 0.62% 12.39% 0.51 IIWHI01xP-14 3.48% 6.09% 0.23% 0.53% 10.34% 0.57 II WHI01xP-19 3.89% 6.78%0.18% 0.59% 11.44% 0.57 II WHI01xP-23 1.48% 4.63% 0.09% 0.36% 6.56% 0.32II CBD02xP-15 2.29% 5.76% 0.25% 0.66% 8.96% 0.40 II CBD02xP-16A 2.93%9.63% 0.33% 0.84% 13.72% 0.30 II CBD02xP-17 1.41% 0.34% 4.89% 0.12%0.20% 0.05% 0.31% 0.11% 6.81% 0.62% 0.29 0.06 II CBD02xP-10 2.62% 7.07%0.30% 0.55% 10.54% 0.37 II CBD02xP-12 2.39% 7.11% 0.42% 0.50% 10.42%0.34 II CBD02xP-14 1.83% 6.40% 0.33% 0.44% 9.00% 0.29 II CBD02xP-182.48% 6.42% 0.15% 0.55% 9.61% 0.39 II CBD02xP-31 1.79% 4.69% 0.16% 0.38%7.02% 0.38 II Cannabinoids (GC-FID) THC CBD CBG CBC Cannabs by GCTHC:CBD by GC Sample Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Chemotype CBD02xP-05 1.56% 0.31% 5.80% 1.98% 0.28%0.16% 0.40% 0.07% 8.04% 2.38% 0.27 0.04 II CBD02xP-30 1.58% 5.00% 0.25%0.44% 7.26% 0.32 II CBD02xP-32 2.14% 0.11% 4.67% 0.52% 0.15% 0.06% 0.40%0.13% 7.35% 0.57% 0.46 0.03 II CBD02xP-40 1.86% 3.85% 0.23% 0.37% 6.31%0.48 II CBD02xP-53 1.64% 3.47% 0.16% 0.32% 5.59% 0.47 II CBD02xP-091.93% 7.15% 0.36% 0.46% 9.90% 0.27 II CBD02xP-28 2.06% 0.74% 6.50% 1.82%0.19% 0.14% 0.40% 0.21% 9.15% 2.91% 0.32 0.03 II CBD02xP-47 1.87% 6.15%0.15% 0.50% 8.67% 0.30 II CBD03xP-03 2.12% 5.39% 0.39% 7.90% 0.39 IICBD03xP-05 1.35% 3.90% 0.14% 0.30% 5.69% 0.35 II CBD03xP-09 1.66% 4.63%0.31% 0.29% 6.90% 0.36 II CBD04xP-02 2.29% 3.86% 0.13% 0.30% 6.57% 0.59II CBD04xP-03 3.36% 5.30% 0.22% 0.32% 9.21% 0.63 II CBD04xP-06 2.46%0.24% 4.73% 0.11% 0.12% 0.02% 0.29% 0.05% 7.60% 0.17% 0.52 0.06 IICBD05xP-02 1.14% 0.44% 3.34% 0.37% 0.16% 0.05% 0.24% 0.13% 4.87% 0.98%0.34 0.09 II CBD05xP-05 1.57% 0.20% 4.87% 0.05% 0.32% 0.09% 0.31% 0.12%7.23% 0.03% 0.32 0.04 II CBD05xS-09 1.65% 3.58% 0.10% 0.40% 5.73% 0.46II CBD05xS-05 1.57% 0.56% 5.13% 0.31% 0.11% 0.06% 0.35% 0.06% 7.16%0.38% 0.31 0.13 II CBD05xS-11 1.63% 0.05% 4.71% 0.39% 0.08% 0.00% 0.38%0.20% 6.80% 0.13% 0.35 0.04 II

TABLE 27 Cannabinoid measurement by HPLC for THC:CBD and CBD (chemotypeII and III) specialty cannabis varieties. Blank values indicateundetectable levels or 0 Cannabinoids (UHPLC) THCA CBDA CBGA THC CBD CBGCannabs by HPLC THCA:CBDA by HPLC Sample Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt %95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Ratio 95% ClChemotype WHI01xP-15 0.14% 7.33% 0.06% 0.03% 0.53% 8.10% 0.02 IIICBD02xP-11 0.27% 0.12% 14.83% 0.28% 0.18% 0.02% 0.01% 0.03% 0.15% 0.08%0.06% 0.05% 15.51% 0.55% 0.02 0.01 III CBD03xP-01 0.18% 0.07% 7.90%2.35% 0.09% 0.06% 0.02% 0.00% 0.10% 0.02% 8.29% 2.50% 0.02 0.00 IIICBD03xP-10 12.20% 12.20% III CBD03xP-07 0.19% 9.29% 0.79% 0.15% 0.08%9.50% 0.39% 0.02 III CBD04xP-01 0.24% 0.08% 13.37% 4.30% 0.22% 0.06%0.02% 0.00% 0.11% 0.08% 0.05% 13.99% 4.15% 0.02 0.01 III CBD04xP-090.27% 12.00% 0.22% 0.00% 0.06% 0.06% 12.70% 0.02 III CBD05xP-01 0.36%0.12% 18.31% 3.37% 0.32% 0.15% 0.33% 0.61% 0.24% 0.11% 0.11% 0.10%19.68% 3.48% 0.02 0.01 III CBD05xS-13 0.29% 0.09% 12.78% 5.50% 0.40%0.24% 0.20% 0.22% 0.13% 0.09% 0.03% 0.01% 13.83% 5.77% 0.02 0.02 IIIPUR01xP-06 2.35% 6.29% 0.19% 0.09% 0.08% 0.03% 9.03% 0.37 II PUR01xP-043.29% 1.07% 10.39% 5.43% 0.21% 0.09% 0.07% 0.00% 0.05% 0.01% 0.08% 0.01%14.09% 6.57% 0.33 0.07 II PUR01xP-10 1.76% 6.17% 0.26% 0.02% 0.05% 8.26%0.28 II PUR01xP-05 2.01% 3.63% 0.10% 0.08% 5.81% 0.55 II SIL08xP-012.93% 9.24% 0.30% 0.04% 0.04% 12.55% 0.32 II SIL08xP-08 7.94% 0.60%8.40% 2.93% 0.48% 0.37% 0.20% 0.30% 0.05% 0.03% 17.06% 3.42% 0.97 0.27II SIL08xP-30 8.21% 6.77% 0.26% 0.25% 0.06% 0.08% 15.65% 1.21 IISIL08xP-14 3.38% 0.35% 14.12% 4.73% 0.42% 0.05% 0.07% 0.01% 0.07% 0.02%0.06% 0.04% 18.13% 5.02% 0.24 0.06 II SIL08xP-18 3.28% 10.58% 0.48%0.12% 0.09% 0.05% 14.65% 0.31 II SIL08xP-34 10.49% 9.58% 0.27% 0.26%0.07% 0.16% 20.91% 1.09 II SIL08xP-03 5.38% 15.95% 0.68% 0.05% 0.06%0.08% 22.21% 0.34 II Cannabinoids (UHPLC) THCA CBDA CBGA THC CBD CBGCannabs by HPLC THCA:CBDA by HPLC Sample Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt %95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Ratio 95% ClChemotype SIL08xP-37 4.37% 12.36% 0.56% 0.04% 0.05% 0.09% 17.45% 0.35 IISIL08xP-38 6.39% 4.55% 0.10% 0.11% 0.04% 11.18% 1.40 II WHI04xP-02 3.91%12.23% 0.41% 0.02% 0.05% 0.08% 16.71% 0.32 II WHI07xP-07 6.66% 6.49%0.22% 0.10% 0.03% 0.04% 13.58% 1.03 II WHI07xP-11 3.34% 8.05% 0.20%0.07% 0.05% 0.04% 11.77% 0.42 II WHI07xP-01 8.95% 3.70% 0.35% 0.05%0.10% 13.14% 2.42 II WHI07xP-08 5.12% 4.70% 0.19% 0.02% 0.05% 10.06%1.09 II WHI07xP-02 3.22% 8.46% 0.33% 0.09% 0.06% 0.03% 12.20% 0.38 IIYEL03xP-23 5.04% 0.89% 11.25% 4.39% 0.46% 0.01% 0.04% 0.01% 0.04% 0.05%0.00% 16.84% 5.33% 0.46 0.10 II YEL03xP-26 4.33% 0.69% 12.44% 5.33%0.22% 0.33% 0.09% 0.03% 0.07% 0.01% 0.05% 0.00% 17.20% 5.73% 0.36 0.10II WHI01xP-22 4.20% 10.44% 0.34% 0.15% 0.10% 0.04% 15.28% 0.40 IIWHI01xP-12 5.08% 11.58% 0.29% 0.04% 0.32% 0.05% 17.38% 0.44 IIWHI01xP-14 3.64% 8.45% 0.33% 1.06% 0.58% 0.08% 14.19% 0.43 II WHI01xP-195.12% 10.41% 0.28% 0.45% 0.21% 0.04% 16.51% 0.49 II WHI01xP-23 2.67%8.46% 0.17% 0.12% 0.09% 11.50% 0.32 II CBD02xP-15 3.60% 9.63% 0.24%0.06% 0.06% 0.09% 13.68% 0.37 II CBD02xP-16A 4.73% 15.65% 0.33% 0.06%0.08% 0.11% 20.96% 0.30 II CBD02xP-17 2.19% 0.57% 8.91% 0.19% 0.23%0.06% 0.06% 0.06% 0.06% 0.06% 0.09% 11.50% 0.91% 0.25 0.06 II CBD02xP-103.91% 11.79% 0.38% 0.19% 0.14% 0.11% 16.56% 0.33 II CBD02xP-12 3.59%12.96% 0.36% 0.13% 0.13% 0.26% 17.48% 0.28 II CBD02xP-14 2.82% 11.68%0.46% 0.13% 0.13% 0.08% 15.35% 0.24 II CBD02xP-18 3.35% 10.26% 0.18%0.30% 0.25% 0.05% 14.43% 0.33 II Cannabinoids (UHPLC) THCA CBDA CBGA THCCBD CBG Cannabs by HPLC THCA:CBDA by HPLC Sample Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% ClWt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Ratio 95% ClChemotype CBD02xP-31 2.24% 8.74% 0.22% 0.11% 0.12% 0.03% 11.49% 0.26 IICBD02xP-05 2.43% 0.31% 10.51% 3.02% 0.43% 0.38% 0.80% 1.44% 0.09% 0.01%0.03% 0.01% 14.29% 5.13% 0.23 0.04 II CBD02xP-30 3.82% 13.70% 0.26%0.16% 0.14% 0.08% 18.17% 0.28 II CBD02xP-32 3.05% 0.18% 8.29% 0.50%0.26% 0.17% 0.10% 0.02% 0.07% 0.03% 0.03% 11.79% 0.40% 0.37 0.04 IICBD02xP-40 2.44% 7.09% 0.29% 0.09% 0.07% 0.04% 10.02% 0.34 II CBD02xP-532.08% 6.70% 0.16% 0.13% 0.13% 0.07% 9.26% 0.31 II CBD02xP-09 2.97%11.37% 0.50% 0.11% 0.13% 0.05% 15.14% 0.26 II CBD02xP-28 2.58% 1.77%11.01% 2.27% 0.34% 0.18% 0.21% 0.09% 0.15% 0.10% 0.05% 14.35% 4.51% 0.230.11 II CBD02xP-47 2.81% 10.21% 0.32% 0.15% 0.16% 0.03% 13.72% 0.28 IICBD03xP-03 2.64% 7.83% 0.23% 0.09% 0.09% 10.90% 0.34 II CBD03xP-05 1.99%5.98% 7.98% 0.33 II CBD03xP-09 2.40% 6.63% 9.02% 0.36 II CBD04xP-022.72% 5.43% 0.93% 0.15% 0.08% 9.32% 0.50 II CBD04xP-03 4.70% 7.56% 0.40%0.13% 12.79% 0.62 II CBD04xP-06 3.54% 0.09% 7.76% 1.88% 0.22% 0.06%0.05% 0.04% 0.04% 0.03% 11.60% 1.73% 0.46 0.12 II CBD05xP-02 1.42% 0.59%6.13% 0.90% 0.24% 0.01% 0.05% 0.04% 0.07% 0.05% 0.03% 7.92% 1.64% 0.230.06 II CBD05xP-05 2.01% 0.93% 8.85% 0.12% 0.35% 0.01% 0.48% 0.73% 0.07%0.04% 0.13% 0.05% 11.89% 0.16% 0.23 0.11 II CBD05xS-09 2.74% 6.81% 0.13%0.11% 0.09% 0.04% 9.93% 0.40 II CBD05xS-05 2.06% 1.34% 8.78% 1.24% 0.16%0.10% 0.10% 0.08% 0.09% 0.06% 0.02% 11.24% 0.44% 0.24 0.19 II CBD05xS-112.11% 0.55% 7.63% 1.56% 0.13% 0.06% 0.13% 0.03% 0.12% 0.10% 10.12% 2.05%0.28 0.02 II

TABLE 28 Absolute terpene measurements by GC-FID for THC:CBD and CBD(chemotype II and III) specialty cannabis varieties. Blank valuesindicate undetectable levels or 0 Terpenes (GC-FID) terpinolen e alphaphellandre ne beta ocimene carene limonene gamma terpinene alpha pinenealpha terpinene beta pinene fenchol camphene alpha terpineol alphahumulene beta caryophyll ene linalool cary oxide myrcene Totalidentified oil (wt%) Sample Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95%Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95%Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95%Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Chemot ype WHI01xP -15 0.15 6% 0.01 1% 0.024% 0.01 6% 0.02 5% 0.04 5% 0.04 5% 0.02 7% 0.76 8% 1.11 7% IIICBD02xP-11 0.12 0% 0.02 4% 0.14 6% 0.05 1% 0.07 4% 0.02 2% 0.01 1% 0.000% 0.02 9% 0.00 3% 0.04 4% 0.00 4% 0.16 6% 0.01 0% 0.02 6% 0.00 2% 0.939% 0.16 4% 1.55 4% 0.27 8% III CBD03xP-01 0.05 7% 0.00 5% 0.15 8% 0.029% 0.06 7% 0.01 0% 0.00 9% 0.00 8% 0.00 0% 0.01 9% 0.00 1% 0.02 0% 0.001% 0.63 0% 0.13 5% 0.96 2% 0.17 1% III CBD03xP-10 0.07 4% 0.17 1% 0.076% 0.01 1% 0.75 4% 1.08 6% III CBD03xP-07 0.10 0% 0.01 2% 0.08 9% 0.025% 0.20 3% 0.00 0% 0.05 8% 0.00 3% 0.01 0% 0.00 3% 0.02 2% 0.05 1% 0.002% 0.09 5% 0.01 7% 0.03 0% 0.00 3% 0.30 7% 0.10 5% 0.95 1% 0.18 0% IIICBD04xP-01 0.13 8% 0.03 1% 0.09 4% 0.01 4% 0.25 3% 0.03 0% 0.07 5% 0.005% 0.05 7% 0.00 7% 0.03 0% 0.00 0% 0.08 6% 0.00 1% 0.05 1% 0.01 1% 0.628% 0.09 4% 1.41 0% 0.10 7% III CBD04xP-09 0.19 7% 0.01 2% 0.02 2% 0.017% 0.02 4% 0.18 4% 0.06 8% 0.06 0% 0.58 4% III CBD05xP-01 0.23 9% 0.005% 0.26 7% 0.11 1% 0.13 5% 0.04 1% 0.02 0% 0.00 4% 0.06 4% 0.00 8% 0.059% 0.01 9% 0.15 6% 0.02 1% 0.06 8% 0.00 4% 1.48 4% 0.26 3% 2.49 0% 0.067% III CBD05xS-13 0.12 8% 0.02 1% 0.11 2% 0.00 8% 0.26 6% 0.08 4% 0.081% 0.02 2% 0.01 3% 0.00 1% 0.02 2% 0.00 1% 0.11 5% 0.00 2% 0.08 6% 0.151% 0.05 8% 0.00 8% 0.38 4% 0.13 6% 1.26 3% 0.41 6% III PUR01xP-06 0.126% 0.10 4% 0.05 7% 0.01 3% 0.02 0% 0.05 7% 0.22 8% 0.04 1% 0.86 2% 1.508% II PUR01xP-04 0.10 3% 0.01 8% 0.56 9% 0.02 0% 0.08 7% 0.01 2% 0.08 7%0.00 5% 0.04 4% 0.00 6% 0.01 0% 0.00 0% 0.04 9% 0.00 1% 0.08 3% 0.02 5%0.26 5% 0.08 5% 0.07 9% 0.00 1% 0.16 8% 0.00 5% 1.54 2% 0.12 1% IIPUR01xP-10 0.06 8% 0.33 3% 0.05 8% 0.05 2% 0.02 6% 0.03 0% 0.03 9% 0.143% 0.03 9% 0.09 6% 0.88 4% II PUR01xP-05 0.11 3% 0.27 6% 0.02 2% 0.03 4%0.02 3% 0.02 8% 0.06 7% 0.22 3% 0.04 7% 0.18 2% 1.01 5% II Terpenes(GC-FID) terpinolen e alpha phellandre ne beta ocimene carene limonenegamma terpinene alpha pinene alpha terpinene beta pinene fencholcamphene alpha terpineol alpha humulene beta caryophyll ene linaloolcary oxide myrcene Total identified oil (wt%) Sample Wt % 95% Cl Wt %95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt %95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt %95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Chemot ypeSIL08xP-01 0.19 4% 0.01 3% 0.02 6% 0.01 5% 0.02 3% 0.09 8% 0.37 9% 0.079% 0.14 5% 0.97 2% II SIL08xP-08 0.20 8% 0.01 2% 0.01 3% 0.00 3% 0.02 7%0.00 5% 0.01 7% 0.00 3% 0.02 3% 0.00 1% 0.13 9% 0.03 8% 0.40 2% 0.11 3%0.05 5% 0.00 3% 0.07 0% 0.00 4% 0.95 1% 0.13 4% II SIL08xP-30 0.17 7%0.20 3% 0.10 8% 0.01 8% 0.02 5% 0.03 0% 0.09 6% 0.04 2% 0.98 4% 1.68 3%II SIL08xP-14 0.14 2% 0.05 0% 0.11 1% 0.00 8% 0.40 0% 0.20 6% 0.10 9%0.04 6% 0.01 0% 0.02 1% 0.00 2% 0.04 7% 0.01 0% 0.15 8% 0.03 7% 0.06 7%0.01 7% 0.70 6% 0.08 5% 1.76 4% 0.45 1% II SIL08xP-18 0.12 1% 0.11 0%0.33 8% 0.09 3% 0.01 0% 0.01 9% 0.03 5% 0.11 6% 0.04 4% 0.50 3% 1.38 9%II SIL08xP-34 0.16 2% 0.20 0% 0.49 9% 0.14 0% 0.01 7% 0.02 5% 0.05 7%0.13 7% 0.08 7% 0.83 2% 2.15 6% II SIL08xP-03 0.04 6% 0.41 7% 0.02 7%0.05 2% 0.02 6% 0.03 8% 0.06 9% 0.24 7% 0.13 2% 0.14 7% 1.20 1% IISIL08xP-37 0.30 9% 0.01 9% 0.03 9% 0.02 5% 0.03 1% 0.09 7% 0.24 4% 0.062% 0.13 5% 0.96 1% II SIL08xP-38 0.28 7% 0.02 0% 0.04 2% 0.02 5% 0.03 1%0.07 2% 0.17 6% 0.10 2% 0.32 3% 1.07 8% II WHI04xP -02 0.25 8% 0.01 7%0.03 2% 0.02 2% 0.03 1% 0.05 4% 0.19 4% 0.12 2% 0.05 0% 0.78 0% IIWHI07xP -07 0.17 6% 0.18 2% 0.28 6% 0.09 1% 0.01 6% 0.02 1% 0.05 0% 0.145% 0.03 0% 0.54 0% 1.53 7% II WHI07xP -11 0.10 1% 0.08 7% 0.20 4% 0.063% 0.01 1% 0.02 6% 0.08 4% 0.04 6% 0.63 6% 1.25 8% II WHI07xP -01 0.386% 0.02 5% 0.04 9% 0.02 8% 0.03 3% 0.03 7% 0.12 5% 0.08 5% 0.28 9% 1.057% II WHI07xP -08 0.18 8% 0.01 1% 0.02 2% 0.01 2% 0.02 3% 0.06 4% 0.236% 0.03 3% 0.05 9% 0.64 8% II Terpenes (GC-FID) terpinolen e alphaphellandre ne beta ocimene carene limonene gamma terpinene alpha pinenealpha terpinene beta pinene fenchol camphene alpha terpineol alphahumulene beta caryophyll ene linalool cary oxide myrcene Totalidentified oil (wt%) Sample Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95%Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95%Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95%Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Chemot ype WHl07xP -02 0.04 2% 0.20 8% 0.139% 0.07 5% 0.02 0% 0.02 9% 0.05 6% 0.14 2% 0.03 7% 0.86 7% 1.61 5% llYEL03xP-23 0.15 5% 0.06 9% 0.32 0% 0.01 3% 0.02 8% 0.00 0% 0.04 1% 0.000% 0.02 5% 0.00 1% 0.03 3% 0.00 1% 0.05 3% 0.00 7% 0.16 5% 0.03 6% 0.083% 0.02 2% 0.21 5% 0.05 0% 1.11 5% 0.19 6% ll YEL03xP-26 0.71 2% 0.08 5%0.03 5% 0.00 4% 0.22 6% 0.07 4% 0.02 6% 0.00 5% 0.14 2% 0.02 3% 0.01 3%0.00 1% 0.04 2% 0.00 6% 0.02 2% 0.00 1% 0.07 4% 0.01 1% 0.01 5% 0.00 1%0.03 4% 0.00 4% 0.03 7% 0.00 1% 0.10 5% 0.00 0% 0.02 9% 0.00 2% 0.24 4%0.02 2% 1.75 2% 0.23 6% ll WHl01xP -22 0.20 9% 0.01 5% 0.03 0% 0.01 9%0.01 2% 0.02 9% 0.30 5% 0.61 9% ll WHl01xP -12 0.13 7% 0.15 3% 0.08 3%0.01 7% 0.05 6% 0.00 7% 0.02 5% 1.60 0% 2.07 8% ll WHl01xP -14 0.26 7%0.31 9% 0.15 4% 0.02 2% 0.02 2% 0.00 9% 0.08 0% 0.02 8% 1.76 0% 2.66 1%ll WHl01xP -19 0.15 3% 0.14 9% 0.08 1% 0.01 5% 0.00 9% 0.06 0% 0.02 4%1.49 4% 1.98 5% ll WHl01xP -23 0.09 1% 0.08 3% 0.05 0% 0.01 4% 0.03 8%0.15 6% 0.02 3% 0.72 7% 1.18 2% ll CBD02xP-15 0.28 5% 0.01 8% 0.03 5%0.02 5% 0.02 7% 0.07 2% 0.20 1% 0.04 6% 0.11 3% 0.82 2% ll CBD02xP-16A0.43 0% 0.03 0% 0.05 4% 0.03 2% 0.03 6% 0.06 4% 0.27 2% 0.08 5% 0.19 4%1.19 7% ll CBD02xP-17 0.20 0% 0.11 4% 0.01 2% 0.00 8% 0.02 7% 0.01 7%0.01 6% 0.00 7% 0.02 5% 0.00 6% 0.07 5% 0.00 9% 0.16 6% 0.03 6% 0.05 2%0.00 5% 0.20 5% 0.20 7% 0.77 5% 0.31 8% ll CBD02xP-10 0.21 7% 0.15 4%0.28 7% 0.09 2% 0.01 5% 0.02 2% 0.07 3% 0.19 8% 0.05 0% 0.73 7% 1.84 5%ll CBD02xP-12 0.13 9% 0.12 6% 0.29 6% 0.09 1% 0.01 3% 0.02 2% 0.02 5%0.06 9% 0.05 3% 0.76 9% 1.60 3% ll CBD02xP-14 0.16 3% 0.10 7% 0.25 8%0.08 3% 0.01 1% 0.04 8% 0.14 3% 0.04 0% 0.77 7% 1.63 0% ll Terpenes(GC-FID) terpinolen e alpha phellandre ne beta ocimene carene limonenegamma terpinene alpha pinene alpha terpinene beta pinene fencholcamphene alpha terpineol alpha humulene beta caryophyll ene linaloolcary oxide myrcene Total identified oil (wt%) Sample Wt % 95% Cl Wt %95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt %95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt %95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Chemot ypeCBD02xP-18 0.13 4% 0.14 6% 0.14 6% 0.13 4% 0.01 4% 0.03 0% 0.02 8% 0.078% 0.05 0% 1.78 0% 2.54 0% ll CBD02xP-31 0.13 6% 0.09 4% 0.20 0% 0.08 5%0.05 7% 0.07 3% 0.18 0% 0.03 8% 1.25 7% 2.12 0% ll CBD02xP-05 0.14 1%0.04 7% 0.18 7% 0.08 3% 0.09 0% 0.03 3% 0.01 5% 0.00 1% 0.03 4% 0.00 7%0.04 2% 0.01 9% 0.14 3% 0.04 5% 0.02 7% 0.00 6% 0.90 3% 0.37 9% 1.58 0%0.62 0% ll CBD02xP-30 0.13 3% 0.13 2% 0.07 3% 0.01 4% 0.04 0% 0.03 6%0.10 8% 0.04 6% 1.06 2% 1.64 4% ll CBD02xP-32 0.09 3% 0.02 2% 0.09 1%0.01 2% 0.05 1% 0.00 1% 0.01 3% 0.00 3% 0.04 3% 0.00 5% 0.04 5% 0.00 7%0.10 8% 0.01 1% 0.03 2% 0.00 3% 0.69 3% 0.02 2% 1.16 6% 0.04 5% llCBD02xP-40 0.18 1% 0.17 0% 0.08 9% 0.01 8% 0.02 3% 0.02 3% 0.07 2% 0.058% 1.21 4% 1.84 8% ll CBD02xP-53 0.09 9% 0.12 6% 0.06 7% 0.01 3% 0.04 4%0.10 8% 0.02 6% 0.62 3% 1.10 6% ll CBD02xP-09 0.09 4% 0.19 3% 0.09 0%0.01 4% 0.02 8% 0.01 1% 0.03 1% 0.03 0% 1.16 1% 1.65 2% ll CBD02xP-280.12 1% 0.04 3% 0.39 4% 0.11 9% 0.16 6% 0.03 1% 0.01 3% 0.00 5% 0.03 0%0.00 5% 0.01 1% 0.00 2% 0.02 8% 0.00 7% 0.03 4% 0.00 6% 1.48 6% 0.46 5%2.28 1% 0.38 2% ll CBD02xP-47 0.12 3% 0.29 7% 0.13 1% 0.01 6% 0.02 3%0.01 6% 0.04 6% 0.03 0% 1.41 9% 2.10 1% ll CBD03xP-03 0.10 6% 0.22 8%0.10 7% 0.01 3% 0.01 9% 0.01 7% 0.06 4% 0.02 3% 1.22 5% 1.80 2% llCBD03xP-05 0.05 6% 0.14 0% 0.06 3% 0.02 4% 0.06 6% 0.02 2% 0.82 5% 1.196% ll CBD03xP-09 0.06 6% 0.16 1% 0.07 5% 0.01 6% 0.05 7% 0.02 1% 0.75 1%1.14 7% ll CBD04xP-02 0.07 5% 0.12 2% 0.06 1% 0.01 0% 0.02 6% 0.06 5%0.02 1% 0.72 7% 1.10 7% ll Terpenes (GC-FID) terpinolen e alphaphellandre ne beta ocimene carene limonene gamma terpinene alpha pinenealpha terpinene beta pinene fenchol camphene alpha terpineol alphahumulene beta caryophyll ene linalool cary oxide myrcene Totalidentified oil (wt%) Sample Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95%Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95%Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95%Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Chemot ype CBD04xP-03 0.09 4% 0.12 5% 0.06 5%0.01 3% 0.03 9% 0.02 6% 0.05 9% 0.05 3% 0.85 8% 1.33 2% ll CBD04xP-060.18 8% 0.06 4% 0.01 2% 0.00 6% 0.02 3% 0.00 8% 0.01 6% 0.00 4% 0.02 3%0.00 0% 0.10 2% 0.00 2% 0.29 8% 0.00 6% 0.05 1% 0.00 2% 0.09 6% 0.00 3%0.80 8% 0.09 4% ll CBD05xP-02 0.33 6% 0.07 5% 0.14 5% 0.04 8% 0.04 3%0.00 9% 0.02 7% 0.00 5% 0.01 5% 0.00 5% 0.02 3% 0.04 1% 0.01 7% 0.04 4%0.01 0% 0.04 1% 0.01 0% 0.44 3% 0.15 3% 1.14 4% 0.13 2% ll CBD05xP-050.53 4% 0.02 5% 0.16 4% 0.05 5% 0.08 1% 0.00 8% 0.03 9% 0.00 4% 0.01 7%0.00 7% 0.02 3% 0.00 4% 0.08 5% 0.00 0% 0.16 0% 0.03 7% 0.04 0% 0.00 2%0.74 6% 0.17 0% 1.88 8% 0.24 1% ll CBD05xS-09 0.10 0% 0.06 0% 0.11 5%0.04 0% 0.07 0% 0.20 6% 0.04 4% 0.67 3% 1.30 8% ll CBD05xS-05 0.34 2%0.02 5% 0.00 7% 0.00 8% 0.46 7% 0.27 1% 0.11 6% 0.06 4% 0.05 7% 0.00 1%0.11 3% 0.00 8% 0.04 4% 0.01 1% 0.61 6% 0.08 3% 1.75 9% 0.39 8% llCBD05xS-11 0.29 4% 0.02 9% 0.00 5% 0.00 4% 0.51 7% 0.43 2% 0.12 5% 0.099% 0.05 7% 0.02 7% 0.11 2% 0.03 5% 0.03 7% 0.00 8% 0.43 1% 0.03 8% 1.577% 0.58 1% ll

TABLE 29 Relative terpene levels as measured by GC-FID for THC:CBD andCBD (chemotype II and III) specialty cannabis varieties. Blank valuesindicate undetectable levels or 0 Terpenes Sample terpinolene alphaphellandrene beta ocimene carene limonene gamma terpinene alpha pinenealpha terpinene beta pinene fenchol camphene alpha terpineol alphahumulene beta caryophyllene linalool cary oxide myrcene ChemotypeWHl01xP-15 14% 1% 2% 1% 2% 4% 4% 2% 69% lll CBD02xP-11 8% 9% 5% 1% 2% 3%11% 2% 60% lll CBD03xP-10 7% 16% 7% 1% 69% III CBD03xP-07 11% 9% 21% 6%1% 2% 5% 10% 3% 32% lll CBD04xP-01 10% 7% 18% 5% 4% 2% 6% 4% 45% lllCBD04xP-09 34% 2% 4% 3% 4% 32% 12% 10% lll CBD05xP-01 10% 11% 5% 1% 3%2% 6% 3% 60% lll CBD05xS-13 10% 9% 21% 6% 1% 2% 9% 7% 5% 30% lllPUR01xP-06 8% 7% 4% 1% 1% 4% 15% 3% 57% ll PUR01xP-04 7% 37% 6% 6% 3% 1%3% 5% 17% 5% 11% II PUR01xP-10 8% 38% 7% 6% 3% 3% 4% 16% 4% 11% IIPUR01xP-05 11% 27% 2% 3% 2% 3% 7% 22% 5% 18% II SIL08xP-01 20% 1% 3% 2%2% 10% 39% 8% 15% II SlL08xP-08 22% 1% 3% 2% 2% 15% 42% 6% 7% IISIL08xP-30 11% 12% 6% 1% 1% 2% 6% 2% 58% II SlL08xP-14 8% 6% 23% 6% 1%1% 3% 9% 4% 40% II SlL08xP-18 9% 8% 24% 7% 1% 1% 3% 8% 3% 36% IISIL08xP-34 8% 9% 23% 6% 1% 1% 3% 6% 4% 39% II SlL08xP-03 4% 35% 2% 4% 2%3% 6% 21% 11% 12% II SIL08xP-37 32% 2% 4% 3% 3% 10% 25% 6% 14% IISIL08xP-38 27% 2% 4% 2% 3% 7% 16% 9% 30% II WHl04xP-02 33% 2% 4% 3% 4%7% 25% 16% 6% II WHl07xP-07 11% 12% 19% 6% 1% 1% 3% 9% 2% 35% IIWHl07xP-11 8% 7% 16% 5% 1% 2% 7% 4% 51% II WHl07xP-08 29% 2% 3% 2% 4%10% 36% 5% 9% II WHl07xP-02 3% 13% 9% 5% 1% 2% 3% 9% 2% 54% IIYEL03xP-23 14% 29% 3% 4% 2% 3% 5% 15% 7% 19% II YEL03xP-26 41% 2% 13% 1%8% 1% 2% 1% 4% 1% 2% 2% 6% 2% 14% II WHl01xP-22 34% 2% 5% 3% 2% 5% 49%II WHl01xP-12 7% 7% 4% 1% 3% 0% 1% 77% II WHl01xP-14 10% 12% 6% 1% 1% 0%3% 1% 66% II WHl01xP-19 8% 8% 4% 1% 0% 3% 1% 75% II WHl01xP-23 8% 7% 4%1% 3% 13% 2% 62% II CBD02xP-15 35% 2% 4% 3% 3% 9% 24% 6% 14% IICBD02xP-16A 36% 3% 5% 3% 3% 5% 23% 7% 16% II CBD02xP-17 26% 2% 3% 2% 3%10% 21% 7% 26% II CBD02xP-10 12% 8% 16% 5% 1% 1% 4% 11% 3% 40% IICBD02xP-12 9% 8% 18% 6% 1% 1% 2% 4% 3% 48% II CBD02xP-14 10% 7% 16% 5%1% 3% 9% 2% 48% II CBD02xP-18 5% 6% 6% 5% 1% 1% 1% 3% 2% 70% IICBD02xP-31 6% 4% 9% 4% 3% 3% 8% 2% 59% II CBD02xP-05 9% 12% 6% 1% 2% 3%9% 2% 57% II CBD02xP-30 8% 8% 4% 1% 2% 2% 7% 3% 65% II CBD02xP-32 8% 8%4% 1% 4% 4% 9% 3% 59% II CBD02xP-40 10% 9% 5% 1% 1% 1% 4% 3% 66% IICBD02xP-53 9% 11% 6% 1% 4% 10% 2% 56% II CBD02xP-28 5% 17% 7% 1% 1% 0%1% 1% 65% II CBD02xP-47 6% 14% 6% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 68% II CBD03xP-03 6%13% 6% 1% 1% 1% 4% 1% 68% II CBD03xP-05 5% 12% 5% 2% 6% 2% 69% IICBD03xP-09 6% 14% 7% 1% 5% 2% 65% II CBD04xP-02 7% 11% 6% 1% 2% 6% 2%66% II CBD04xP-03 7% 9% 5% 1% 3% 2% 4% 4% 64% II CBD04xP-06 23% 1% 3% 2%3% 13% 37% 6% 12% II CBD05xP-02 29% 13% 4% 2% 1% 2% 4% 4% 4% 39% IICBD05xP-05 28% 9% 4% 2% 1% 1% 5% 8% 2% 39% II CBD05xS-09 8% 5% 9% 3% 5%16% 3% 51% II CBD05xS-05 19% 0% 27% 7% 3% 6% 2% 35% II CBD05xS-11 19% 0%33% 8% 4% 7% 2% 27% II

Example 8. Phenotypic Analysis THC:CBD and CBD Specialty CannabisProgeny

The new specialty cannabis varieties created through crosses describedin Examples 5 and 6 were subjected to phenotypic analysis as describedin Example 2. Seeds were allowed to germinate in indoor facilities for10 days and were then transferred to grow in an outdoor growingfacility. Plants were allowed to grow for 120 days after germinationuntil maturity and were analyzed as described in Example 2. Measurementswere conducted as described in Example 2 unless noted otherwise.

The progeny of this example were grown during the “short season” definedas November through February in California (~36.67°N). The 2013-2014short was marked by record lows and a run of cloudy days thatdramatically reduced growth, flower production, trichome formation.These factors combined with low light angles reduced yields and oilproduction significantly. However, the cooler temperatures combined withhigher precipitation weather also provide excellent conditions forfungal pathogens and provide researchers with a great environment toselect for resistance to both cold weather, low light levels and fungalpathogens. Table 30 outlines the results of the phenotypic analysis.

Node Branching- Node branching was visually determined by inspectingnodes and determining the amount of branching at plant maturity at 120days post transfer. For this example branching was notated with a Y toindicate branching at nodes and N to indicate low or no branching atnodes.

Apical Inflorescence Size - For this example, inflorescence size wasvisually estimated and assigned a score of 1-10 with higher numberscorresponding to larger inflorescences. Due to the short growth season,relative comparisons were used for assessing progeny for futureproduction and/or breeding schemes.

Floral Cluster Density - Floral cluster density is a measure of howtightly packed floral buds are in a plant inflorescence. For thisexample, floral cluster density was visually estimated and assigned ascore of 1-10 with higher numbers corresponding to denser clusters. Dueto the short growth season, relative comparisons were used for assessingprogeny for future production and/or breeding schemes.

Ripening Mode- Ripening Mode was determined by tracking the ripening ofmature inflorescences. All progeny exhibited relatively short anduniform ripening times. The ripening for all progeny was even among allthe inflorescences. This is in contrast with other cannabis which canexhibit staged ripening in which various inflorescences ripen atdifferent times.

Average Calyx Length- Calyx length was measured in centimeters from thebase of the calyx to the tip of the leaf but not the pistil.Measurements were taken from mature plants at 120 days post germination.

Initial selections were conducted based on measured phenotypes andchemical analysis described in Example 7. Cuttings of desirable progenywere preserved for subsequent growth trials during a longer warmerseason. These cuttings are also being used for subsequent breeding asdescribed in Example 5, 19, and 20. Phenotypic results for thesecuttings and their F2 and S2 progeny will be grown outdoors during theupcoming season as described in this example or through indoor growth asdescribed in Example 2. Year round production to maximize natural lightproduction is greatly dependent upon short season trials to selectprogeny that perform well in the conditions outlined above. Many of theselected progeny of several lines are being propagated and flowered incontrolled indoor environments to determine more standardized growthmetrics.

TABLE 30 Phenotype table of THC:CBD, and CBD (chemotype II and III)progeny Cultivar ID Plant Height at maturity (cm) Plant Diameter atmaturity (cm) Number of Leaflets Leaf Type Ave# of Itermodes NodeBranching Number of Inflorescence Apical Inflorescence Size (1-10)Flower Cluster Density (1-10) Trichome Density Ripening Mode FlowerColor & Notes SlL08xP-01 65 45 7 B 7 N L 2 9 8 Short, Even Normal colorSlL08xP-03 78 72 7 B 9 Y M 2 9 7 Short, Even Normal color SlL08xP-08 9662 7 B 8 Y M 3 8 7 Short, Even Normal color SlL08xP-14 74 39 5 B 7 N M 39 8 Short, Even Normal color SlL08xP-27 80 54 5 B 8 Y H 3 10 9 Short,Even Normal color SlL08xP-30 72 40 5 B 8 N M 4 9 9 Short, Even Normalcolor SlL08xP-34 120 49 7 B 8 Y M 2 8 8 Short, Even Normal color, Vigor+SlL08xP-37 97 48 5 B 9 N M 3 9 8 Short, Even Normal color SlL08xP-38 9747 5 B 11 Y M 3 8 9 Short, Even Normal color YEL03xP-16 99 48 9 B 10 Y M6 7 8 Short, Even Normal color YEL03xP-23 110 80 11 B 9 Y M 5 6 8 Short,Even Normal color YEL03xP-26 92 39 9 B 9 N 6 6 7 Short, Even Normalcolor YEL03xP-27 95 60 9 B 9 N M 4 7 7 Short, Even Normal colorPUR01xP-04 65 48 7 B 7 N H 1 5 5 Short, Even Purple Flowers PUR01xP-0650 30 5 B 8 Y M 2 4 6 Short, Even Normal color PUR01xP-10 62 51 9 B 8 NM 3 6 7 Short, Even Black Leaves, Vigorous growth KRYA-1 82 42 6 B 8 Y M5 7 7 Short, Even Leaf Serrations WHl07-02 90 39 7 B 7 Y H 5 5 8 Short,Even Normal color,Vigorous growth WHl07-03 93 50 7 B 7 Y M 3 5 6 Short,Even Normal color WHl07-07 80 60 7 B 9 Y H 5 6 6 Short, Even Normalcolor Cultivar ID Plant Height at maturity (cm) Plant Diameter atmaturity (cm) Number of Leaflets Leaf Type Ave# of Itermodes NodeBranching Number of Inflorescence Apical Inflorescence Size (1-10)Flower Cluster Density (1-10) Trichome Density Ripening Mode FlowerColor & Notes WHl07xP-11 45 28 5 B 6 N M 5 6 6 Short, Even Normal colorSlL04xP-01 47 40 7 B 7 Y M 7 8 7 Short, Even Normal color, Sweet terpenesmell SlL04xP-02 50 31 5 B 6 N L 6 8 8 Short, Even Normal colorCBD04xP-1 70 64 5 B 9 Y H 4 5 8 Short, Even Normal color, Sweet and mintterpene smells CBD04XP-2 74 40 5 B 6 Y M 4 8 8 Short, Even Normal colorCBD04xP-3 77 40 7 B 7 Y M 6 6 7 Short, Even Normal color CBD04xP-4 83 677 B 8 Y H 4 5 7 Short, Even Normal color, Production, High YieldCBD04xP-6 96 46 7 B 6 Y H 3 8 6 Short, Even Normal color, Vigorousgrowth CBD03xP-01 55 27 5 B 6 N M 6 4 5 Short, Even Normal colorCBD03xP-03 100 100 7 B 9 Y M 4 8 7 Short, Even Normal color, Vigorousgrowth CBD03xP-05 82 76 5 B 10 Y H 6 7 8 Short, Even Normal color,Vigorous growth CBD03xP-07 73 56 7 B 8 Y H 7 6 7 Short, Even Normalcolor CBD03xP-09 96 70 5 B 8 Y M 6 7 8 Short, Even Normal color,Vigorous growth, Sweet smell CBD03xP-10 93 42 5 B 6 Y M 7 6 8 Short,Even Normal color CBD03xP-11 84 42 7 B 7 Y M 5 5 5 Short, Even Normalcolor CBD02xP-05 100 74 7 B 8 Y H 7 5 7 Short, Even Normal color,Vigorous growth CBD02xP-10 80 61 7 H 9 Y H 5 7 6 Short, Even Normalcolor CBD02xP-11 78 62 7 H 10 N M 5 5 7 Short, Even Blue flower colorCBD02xP-12 80 69 7 H 9 Y H 5 6 6 Short, Even Blue flower colorCBD02xP-15 87 85 11 H 11 Y H 7 6 6 Short, Even Normal color, Production,High yield CBD02xP-16a 78 60 7 H 10 Y H 7 6 6 Short, Even Normal colorCBD02xP-16 84 56 5 H 8 N M 7 6 6 Short, Even Normal color CBD02xP-17 8140 5 H 6 Y M 4 5 6 Short, Even Normal color CBD02xP-18 92 64 5 H 11 Y H4 4 6 Short, Even Normal color, Production, High yield Cultivar ID PlantHeight at maturity (cm) Plant Diameter at maturity (cm) Number ofLeaflets Leaf Type Ave# of Itermodes Node Branching Number ofInflorescence Apical Inflorescence Size (1-10) Flower Cluster Density(1-10) Trichome Density Ripening Mode Flower Color & Notes CBD02xP-28 8959 9 H 8 Y M 6 7 6 Short, Even Normal color CBD02xP-30 76 86 5 H 8 Y H 47 6 Short, Even Normal color CBD02xP-31 81 96 5 H 9 Y H 6 7 TBD Short,Even Blue flower color CBD05xP-01 92 81 5 H 6 Y M 5 9 8 Short, EvenNormal color CBD05xP-02 120 105 7 H 9 Y M 7 5 7 Short, Even Normal colorCBD05xP-05 150 126 7 H 6 Y M 7 5 8 Short, Even Normal color, Vigor+CBD05xS-05 71 54 7 B 7 Y M 7 7 7 Short, Even Normal color CBD05xS-11 8639 7 B 9 N M 7 8 7 Short, Even Normal color, Cherry Pie CBD05xS-13 59 337 B 7 Y M 7 8 7 Short, Even Normal color CBD02xP-32 80 53 7 H 5 N L 6 66 Short, Even Normal color, Astringent Cherry CBD02xP-40 49 38 5 B 6 N M6 6 6 Short, Even Normal color CBD02xP-47 72 55 5 B 6 Y M 4 6 6 Short,Even Normal color CBD02xP-55 73 48 5 B 8 Y H 4 6 6 Short, Even Blueflower color WHl01xP18 80 64 5 B 9 Y H 4 5 6 Short, Even Normal colorWHl01xP19 79 59 7 B 10 Y H 3 3 4 Short, Even Normal color, Bubblegumflavor WHl01xP-22 81 61 7 B 9 Y H 4 3 6 Short, Even Normal colorWHl01xP-23 65 50 5 B 10 N L 32 6 4 Short, Even Normal color CBD24 59 475 B 10 Y H 2 3 3 Short, Even Normal color CBD11 61 45 7 H 7 N M 2 4 6Short, Even Normal color CBD13 60 31 7 H 8 Y M 3 6 4 Short, Even Normalcolor WHl01xP-15 100 57 5 H 10 Y H 3 7 4 Short, Even Normal color,Production, High yield

Example 9. Volunteer Trials Using THC:CBD Specialty Cannabis Effect ofAdded CBD

In order to demonstrate the added utility of the specialty cannabisvarieties of the present invention, volunteer comparison trials wereconducted. During these trials, volunteers were provided with cannabisflower blends with varying terpene and cannabinoid profiles to determinethe effect of cannabis with CBD, effect of higher terpene oil content,and the effect of diverse terpene profiles with reduced myrcenecontents. The trials were split into two parts. The first part (Weeks1-2) compared volunteer responses to THC-only cultivars and cultivarsthat contained THC plus a small amount of CBD.

The volunteer trial for CBD was conducted over 2 weeks. Volunteers weresplit into six groups (1-6). Each volunteer in the group was given twosamples (a control and a comparator blend). For instance, they weregiven a1 and a2, or b1 and b2, or c1 and c2, or d1 and d2, or e1 and e2,or f1 and f2 (see Table 31 for trial design). In this trial, the controlcomparator blends were prepared to contain nearly identical levels ofTHC and terpenes, but each week the comparator had either 1.5% CBD, or2.5% CBD added in. For the higher percentages of CBD, a cannabinoid richform of hash known as kief was used rather than flower so a higherconcentration could be added without affecting the terpene profile assignificantly as adding whole cannabis flowers.

TABLE 31 CBD Effect Trial Overview for Weeks 1 and 2 Week 1 2 THC orTHC+1.5% CBD THC or THC+2.5% CBD Terpene Class Control and ComparatorTerpenes Base Cultivar Control ID Comp ID Group 1 Group 6 a myrcene,pinene GRA8 a1 a2 Group 2 Group 1 b limonene, linalool, caryophyllene,humulene WHl2 b2 b1 Group 3 Group 2 c ocimene, myrcene GRE1 c1 c2 Group4 Group 3 d terpinolene, ocimene PUR2 d2 d1 Group 5 Group 4 e myrcene,pinene, ocimene, linalool, caryophyllene PUR5 e1 e2 Group 6 Group 5 flimonene, caryophyllene, myrcene, linalool RED1 f2 f1

The samples were prepared by first assaying the individual cultivars fortheir cannabinoid and terpene levels. Once levels were determined themass ratios of the cultivars needed to attain the desired analyte levelscould be predicted. The appropriate amounts of materials were combinedin a coffee grinder. A finer grind was needed during the first four-weeksection to mask the addition of the kief. The material was split into1.0-1.5 g samples and stored at -20 until distribution (typically within24 hours). Enough of each blend was made to analyze the samples intriplicate to verify the cannabinoid and terpene levels (See Table 32and 33 for terpene and cannabinoid analysis of blends given topatients). The controls (THC only) are in bold face and it can be seenthe levels of THC are roughly similar within a group. It also can beseen that the blending process produced consistent levels ofcannabinoids and terpenes that were close to predicted values.

TABLE 32 Cannabinoid levels of cannabis blends for Week 1 and Week 2trials as measured by GC-FID and HPLC. Blank values indicateundetectable levels or 0 Cannabinoids (GC-FID) Cannabinoids (UHPLC) THCCBD THC:CBD by GC THCA CBDA THCA:CBDA by HPLC Sample Wt % 95% Cl Wt %95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Week 1MPCM-13A-002-a1 20.90% 0.91% 24.04% 0.44% MPCM-13A-002-a2 18.14% 0.50%1.82% 0.04% 9.98 0.24 21.32% 0.49% 2.14% 0.10% 9.96 0.34 MPCM-13A-002-b115.82% 1.11% 1.60% 0.06% 9.90 0.98 19.17% 0.71% 1.90% 0.14% 10.14 1.01MPCM-13A-002-b2 17.51% 0.58% 20.80% 0.65% MPCM-13A-002-c1 19.10% 0.19%22.91% 0.27% MPCM-13A-002-c2 17.24% 0.66% 1.65% 0.07% 10.50 0.86 20.67%1.04% 2.02% 0.02% 10.22 0.58 MPCM-13A-002-d1 10.67% 0.31% 1.75% 0.04%6.11 0.16 13.24% 0.23% 2.17% 0.17% 6.11 0.44 MPCM-13A-002-d2 12.22%0.96% 15.27% 1.15% MPCM-13A-002-e1 20.90% 0.56% 24.69% 0.47%MPCM-13A-002-e2 18.41% 0.99% 1.80% 0.08% 10.23 0.74 21.86% 0.85% 2.23%0.16% 9.84 0.67 MPCM-13A-002-f1 15.83% 0.58% 1.83% 0.07% 8.68 0.4519.30% 0.87% 2.28% 0.11% 8.46 0.37 MPCM-13A-002-f2 17.92% 0.55% 21.21%0.62% Week 2 MPCM-13A-003-a1 19.17% 0.84% 25.48% 1.14% MPCM-13A-003-a220.09% 0.68% 2.76% 0.18% 7.28 0.26 25.45% 1.00% 3.31% 0.33% 7.72 0.67MPCM-13A-003-b1 16.81% 0.19% 2.69% 0.04% 6.26 0.05 21.46% 0.76% 3.18%0.14% 6.75 0.53 MPCM-13A-003-b2 16.60% 0.69% 22.28% 0.98%MPCM-13A-003-c1 18.92% 0.55% 24.57% 0.35% MPCM-13A-003-c2 18.59% 0.34%2.93% 0.30% 6.37 0.63 23.56% 0.11% 3.53% 0.43% 6.72 0.85 MPCM-13A-003-d114.50% 0.67% 2.93% 0.27% 4.97 0.48 18.51% 0.71% 3.47% 0.40% 5.37 0.62MPCM-13A-003-d2 11.45% 0.63% 16.09% 0.60% MPCM-13A-003-e1 20.97% 1.09%27.28% 0.60% Cannabinoids (GC-FID) Cannabinoids (UHPLC) THC CBD THC:CBDby GC THCA CBDA THCA:CBDA by HPLC Sample Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt %95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl MPCM-13A-003-e2 20.18% 0.53%2.80% 0.15% 7.21 0.21 25.58% 0.78% 3.24% 0.22% 7.90 0.30 MPCM-13A-003-f117.72% 0.24% 3.05% 0.10% 5.82 0.13 22.96% 0.24% 3.60% 0.20% 6.39 0.40MPCM-13A-003-f2 17.07% 0.16% 22.80% 0.26%

TABLE 33 Terpene contents of cannabis blends for Week 1 and Week 2trials as measured by GC-FID. Blank values indicate undetectable levelsor 0 Terpenes (GC-FID) alpha pinene camphene beta pinene myrcene alphaphellandr ene carene alpha terpinene limonene beta ocimene gammaterpinene terpinole e linalool fenchol alpha terpineol beta caryophyllene alpha humulene cary oxide i Total identified oil (wt%) Relati vemyrc ene Sample Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95%Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95 % Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95%Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95 % Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Week 1 MPCM-13A-002-a1 0.48 9% 0.00 5% 0.13 8% 0.00 2%0.69 8% 0.01 0% 0.08 4% 0.00 2% 0.04 1% 0.00 1% 0.05 7% 0.00 2% 0.01 3%0.00 0% 0.02 4% 0.00 1% 0.23 1% 0.01 5% 0.08 7% 0.00 5% 1.86 1% 0.02 7%38% MPCM-13A-002-a2 0.44 0% 0.00 8% 0.13 5% 0.00 3% 0.68 2% 0.01 3 %0.07 8% 0.00 2% 0.03 2% 0.00 0% 0.05 2% 0.00 1% 0.02 5% 0.00 1% 0.22 2%0.00 4% 0.08 0% 0.00 2% 1.76 2% 0.03 1% 39% MPCM-13A-002-b1 0.09 0% 0.005% 0.01 4% 0.00 1% 0.10 5% 0.00 5% 0.32 4% 0.01 4% 0.57 5% 0.02 0% 0.098% 0.00 3% 0.05 1% 0.00 2% 0.20 2% 0.00 8% 0.08 2% 0.00 3% 0.08 7% 0.003% 0.48 9% 0.01 8% 0.13 8% 0.00 6% 2.23 8% 0.11 9% 14% MPCM-13A-002-b20.07 4% 0.00 1% 0.01 8% 0.00 1% 0.11 2% 0.00 4% 0.24 9% 0.00 6% 0.73 6%0.03 0% 0.11 8% 0.00 5% 0.05 1% 0.00 1% 0.22 2% 0.01 7% 0.08 9% 0.00 7%0.09 4% 0.00 6% 0.50 3% 0.03 5% 0.14 2% 0.00 9% 2.40 8% 0.11 7% 10%MPCM-13A-002-c1 0.09 2% 0.00 3% 0.07 1% 0.00 1% 0.67 7% 0.01 5% 0.22 4%0.00 6% 0.40 4% 0.01 0% 0.05 2% 0.00 2% 0.11 6% 0.00 3% 0.03 5% 0.00 1%0.05 7% 0.00 1% 0.23 1% 0.00 9% 0.08 3% 0.00 3% 2.04 3% 0.04 4% 33%MPCM-13A-002-c2 0.13 5% 0.00 6% 0.08 8% 0.00 3% 0.77 8% 0.02 9% 0.22 1%0.00 7% 0.36 7% 0.01 0% 0.05 0% 0.00 3% 0.10 7% 0.00 3% 0.03 5% 0.00 1%0.05 4% 0.00 2% 0.24 6% 0.00 4% 0.08 6% 0.00 2% 2.16 7% 0.06 9% 36%MPCM-13A-002-d1 0.09 1% 0.00 5% 0.09 8% 0.00 1% 0.34 0% 0.00 3% 0.02 7%0.00 0% 0.01 9% 0.00 0% 0.01 6% 0.00 1% 0.13 2% 0.00 2% 0.22 1% 0.00 4%0.01 1% 0.00 0% 0.54 6% 0.01 3% 0.06 2% 0.00 2% 0.02 7% 0.00 1% 0.04 8%0.00 2% 0.14 1% 0.00 6% 0.03 8% 0.00 1% 1.81 6% 0.02 7% 19%MPCM-13A-002-d2 0.05 7% 0.00 5% 0.09 0% 0.00 7% 0.22 4% 0.01 3% 0.03 2%0.00 3% 0.02 3% 0.00 2% 0.01 8% 0.00 1% 0.14 5% 0.01 1% 0.25 1% 0.01 8%0.01 2% 0.00 1% 0.62 5% 0.04 4% 0.06 4% 0.00 3% 0.02 7% 0.00 1% 0.05 0%0.00 2% 0.11 5% 0.00 7% 0.03 0% 0.00 2% 1.76 3% 0.11 8% 13%MPCM-13A-002-e1 0.35 3% 0.01 6% 0.09 4% 0.00 4% 1.25 0% 0.05 9% 0.04 4%0.00 2% 0.21 7% 0.00 9% 0.18 5% 0.01 0% 0.39 7% 0.02 7% 0.10 3% 0.00 8%2.64 3% 0.12 2% 47% MPCM-13A-002-e2 0.32 9% 0.02 3% 0.09 5% 0.00 7% 1.097% 0.10 3% 0.04 3% 0.00 5% 0.17 6% 0.02 0% 0.14 3% 0.01 9% 0.38 5% 0.064% 0.10 0% 0.01 7% 2.37 6% 0.26 2% 46% MPCM-13A-002-f1 0.07 1% 0.00 5%0.08 9% 0.00 5% 0.26 9% 0.01 2% 0.43 2% 0.02 0% 0.04 9% 0.00 3% 0.17 2%0.00 6% 0.05 0% 0.00 2% 0.05 8% 0.00 2% 0.33 6% 0.01 6% 0.08 7% 0.00 5%1.59 6% 0.10 1% 17% MPCM-13A-002-f2 0.04 1% 0.00 3% 0.01 3% 0.00 1% 0.083% 0.00 5% 0.18 0% 0.00 8% 0.51 2% 0.02 7% 0.05 0% 0.00 0% 0.19 2% 0.009% 0.05 5% 0.00 3% 0.06 3% 0.00 3% 0.33 7% 0.01 8% 0.08 5% 0.00 4% 1.609% 0.07 9% 11% Week 2 MPCM-13A-003-a1 0.38 7% 0.02 1% 0.10 9% 0.00 6%0.56 0% 0.03 0% 0.06 6% 0.00 4% 0.03 5% 0.00 2% 0.16 0% 0.00 9% 0.06 1%0.00 4% 1.45 3% 0.08 9% 39% MPCM-13A-003-a2 0.33 9% 0.00 5% 0.09 6% 0.001% 0.46 9% 0.00 5% 0.06 3% 0.00 1% 0.17 1% 0.00 2% 0.06 3% 0.00 1% 1.319% 0.01 3% 36% MPCM-13A-003-b1 0.07 3% 0.00 2% 0.09 3% 0.00 2% 0.20 1%0.00 3% 0.54 0% 0.01 0% 0.09 0% 0.00 1% 0.04 6% 0.00 2% 0.15 5% 0.00 2%0.06 9% 0.00 1% 0.07 2% 0.00 2% 0.33 7% 0.00 7% 0.09 5% 0.00 2% 1.78 6%0.02 6% 11% MPCM-13A-003-b2 0.07 3% 0.00 3% 0.11 2% 0.00 5% 0.24 5% 0.009% 0.73 1% 0.04 0% 0.12 6% 0.00 7% 0.05 0% 0.00 1% 0.19 5% 0.01 1% 0.085% 0.00 5% 0.08 7% 0.00 4% 0.40 7% 0.02 7% 0.11 4% 0.00 7% 2.24 6% 0.115% 11% MPCM-13A-003-c1 0.09 7% 0.00 3% 0.07 0% 0.00 2% 0.68 0% 0.02 2%0.22 3% 0.00 8% 0.38 3% 0.01 3% 0.04 9% 0.00 2% 0.10 8% 0.00 6% 0.05 1%0.00 1% 0.19 7% 0.01 1% 0.07 1% 0.00 4% 1.96 1% 0.06 8% 35%MPCM-13A-003-c2 0.09 1% 0.00 2% 0.06 0% 0.00 1% 0.51 6% 0.01 0% 0.17 8%0.00 5% 0.27 7% 0.00 6% 0.09 1% 0.00 1% 0.04 7% 0.00 1% 0.17 9% 0.00 3%0.06 4% 0.00 1% 1.53 4% 0.02 8% 34% MPCM-13A-003-d1 0.06 1% 0.00 3% 0.072% 0.00 5% 0.16 9% 0.00 9% 0.01 8% 0.00 1% 0.16 0% 0.01 7% 0.14 3% 0.008% 0.31 4% 0.02 7% 0.02 6% 0.00 2% ) 0.04 4% 0.00 3% 0.11 3% 0.01 1%0.03 1% 0.00 3% 1.20 3% 0.06 1% 14% MPCM-13A-003-d2 0.05 0% 0.00 3% 0.078% 0.00 4% 0.19 0% 0.00 7% 0.02 2% 0.00 1% 0.11 4% 0.00 0% 0.18 9% 0.008% 0.38 7% 0.01 9% 0.05 5% 0.00 2% 0.02 3% 0.00 1% 0.04 2% 0.00 1% 0.097% 0.00 3% 0.02 5% 0.00 1% 1.31 8% 0.03 0% 14% MPCM-13A-003-e1 0.33 7%0.01 6% 0.08 7% 0.00 5% 1.06 1% 0.04 8% 0.04 0% 0.00 1% 0.17 7% 0.00 6%0.15 1% 0.00 5% 0.34 6% 0.01 2% 0.08 8% 0.00 3% 2.29 1% 0.08 9% 46%MPCM-13A-003-e2 0.27 6% 0.00 6% 0.07 2% 0.00 1% 0.87 9% 0.01 9% 0.04 6%0.00 0% 0.14 5% 0.00 2% 0.12 7% 0.00 1% 0.01 3% 0.00 1% 0.02 4% 0.00 1%0.29 0% 0.00 6% 0.07 6% 0.00 1% 1.95 5% 0.03 9% 45% MPCM-13A-003-f1 0.051% 0.00 2% 0.07 2% 0.00 1% 0.14 8% 0.00 2% 0.40 9% 0.00 9% 0.16 2% 0.002% 0.05 0% 0.00 1% 0.05 7% 0.00 0% 0.29 7% 0.00 5% 0.07 8% 0.00 1% 1.328% 0.02 3% 11% MPCM-13A-003-f2 0.04 0% 0.00 1% 0.01 3% 0.00 0% 0.08 1%0.00 2% 0.14 6% 0.00 4% 0.47 4% 0.01 0% 0.18 4% 0.00 2% 0.05 4% 0.00 1%) 0.06 1% 0.00 1% 0.31 9% 0.00 7% 0.08 1% 0.00 2% 1.45 5% 0.03 0% 10%

The controls (a1, b2, c1, d2, e1, and f2) had only THC while thecomparators (a2, b1, c2, d1, e2, and f1) had approximately the sameamount of THC plus a small percentage of CBD. In Week One approximately1.5% of CBD was added, in Week Two 3% of CBD was added. These non-THCcannabinoids have demonstrated pharmacology (such as CBR antagonist and5HT-la agonist) that were hypothesized to attenuate some of the negativeside effects of THC by blocking the action of THC itself or byactivating alternative pathways.

The controls and comparators in Weeks 1-2 were also blended to have verysimilar terpene profiles in order to ensure both samples had similararoma, flavor, and putative entourage effects, so as not to predisposethe volunteer to thinking one or the other would be different based onorganoleptic properties. Both Table 33, and FIG. 1 (with comparisonpairs indicated with brackets) of relative terpene content show theprecision with which the blends were engineered to have comparableterpene profiles. The blends were always prepared so the myrcene contentwas below 60% and the total identified essential oil content was about1.5%.

The amount of added CBD was kept below 3% since adding more of themyrcene-rich CBD cultivar would have significantly altered the terpeneprofile and all the groups would have become myrcene dominant. Addingmore of the myrcene-rich CBD cultivar would have also diluted therelative amount of THC, and at this stage it was desired to ensure anychanges in effect were due to the addition of CBD rather than asignificant reduction in THC content.

Thirty volunteers were recruited and asked to fill out demographicsurveys. Each week the volunteers were given a control and a comparator,two corresponding surveys (FIG. 2 ), and asked to fill out the surveyforms as they administered the samples over the following week. This wasdesigned to be a head-to-head comparison and the results were thentabulated in Excel and analyzed both as absolute ratings and asdifferences between the control and comparator. The results of Weeks 1and 2 (control vs. comparator) are summarized in Table 34 as averagesfollowed by 95% confidence intervals.

TABLE 34 Combined feedback results for Week 1-2 trials AverageDifferences for Weeks 1-2 Question A 95% Cl B 95% Cl C 95% Cl D 95% Cl E95% Cl F 95% Cl TOTAL 95% Cl Aroma -1 1.42 0 0.98 -0.9 1.59 -0.75 1.27 21.76 -0.5 2.07 -0.23 0.65 Flavor -1.86 1.98 -0.13 1.14 -1.6 1.55 -1 1.740.857 1.45 -0.83 1.71 -0.8 0.67 Mind -1.57 1.12 -0.11 1.40 -1.6 1.61-1.63 0.74 -0.43 1.27 0.429 1.70 -0.85 0.58 Question A 95% Cl B 95% Cl C95% Cl D 95% Cl E 95% Cl F 95% Cl TOTAL 95% Cl Body -0.43 0.72 0.2221.52 -1.2 1.62 -1.38 1.33 1.143 1.93 -1.14 1.79 -0.5 0.65 Intoxication-1.14 1.00 -0.56 1.27 -1 1.13 -1.5 0.74 0.286 1.02 -0.57 1.41 -0.77 0.46Calmness -0.71 2.13 0.444 1.09 -0.6 1.06 2.25 1.73 1.143 0.79 0.286 0.700.438 0.59 Alertness 0 1.42 -0.33 1.27 1 1.87 -0.38 1.52 1.143 1.000.571 1.53 0.333 0.62 Anxiety -0.29 0.93 0.333 1.03 0.6 1.14 -3 1.74-0.86 0.79 -0.71 1.95 -0.58 0.61 Focus 0 0.96 0.222 0.91 -0.7 1.40 0.751.65 0.857 0.51 0.857 1.45 0.271 0.51 Mood -2.43 1.70 0.222 0.79 -1.41.61 -0.13 1.14 0.714 0.56 1 2.01 -0.38 0.63 Energy 0.143 1.31 1.1110.89 -0.3 1.34 0.25 1.03 0.286 1.02 1.143 1.84 0.417 0.51 Hunger -0.712.17 1.222 1.30 0.4 1.81 -0.38 1.23 0 1.54 -0.43 2.45 0.083 0.71 Thirst-0.14 2.16 -0.56 1.14 -0.7 1.94 -1.5 1.23 -0.57 1.34 -0.29 1.90 -0.650.66 Physical -0.57 1.53 0.667 1.22 -0.1 0.85 0.5 1.48 1.143 1.00 -0.292.21 0.229 0.56 Emotional -1.43 1.34 0 0.86 -0.3 1.24 0.625 1.28 1.4291.04 1.143 2.03 0.208 0.57 Function 0.714 1.33 -0.33 1.22 0.8 0.96 -0.381.11 1.429 1.04 1.286 1.85 0.542 0.52 Sedation -0.57 1.70 -0.22 0.63-1.7 1.73 -1.13 1.59 -0.57 1.53 -0.43 1.81 -0.81 0.61 Duration -1 1.54 01.70 -0.44 0.93 -0.29 1.85 -0.29 1.46 -0.67 1.31 -0.43 0.57 Positive-0.71 2.08 0.778 1.56 -0.6 1.68 0.75 1.47 1 0.74 1.143 2.20 0.354 0.69Negative 0.286 2.83 -0.67 0.92 1.6 1.92 -0.5 1.85 0.143 1.51 -0.43 2.930.125 0.82

The results are presented as the difference in feedback scores betweencontrol samples with just THC cannabinoid, to comparator samples withadded CBD cannabinoid (see Table 34 and FIG. 3 ). Several feedbacktrends can be seen in the comparison of the two samples. Most notably,there appeared to be an obvious decrease in the level of “mind high”,“body high”, “intoxication”, “sedation”, and “duration” for cannabisblends containing CBD. There also appeared to be an increase in theability to “function normally” for cannabis blends containing CBD. Therewas also a decrease in “anxiety” and an increase in “energy” level forthese blends. Each comparison control and comparator sample containedequal amounts of THC and nearly identical terpene profiles. Thus thedifferences outlined in Table 34 and FIG. 3 are attributed to therelatively small amount of CBD added to comparator samples.

The observed trends suggest that the addition of a non-THC cannabinoid,such as found in chemotype II cultivars, can help reduce the feelingsassociated with being “high”, reduce intoxication, reduce the duration,reduce sedation, and improve the ability to function normally whileunder the influence of THC. Thus in some embodiments, the specialtycannabis of the present invention with CBD has the potential to reduceadverse effects and provide a larger margin of safety for a number ofapplications wherein the specialty cannabis is provided as a blend or asflower material from an individual variety. In some embodiments, the CBDcontaining specialty cannabis can be used at times when users wish tostill be able to function after smoking. In other embodiments thespecialty cannabis of the present invention can be used for medicinalapplications. Many times patients attempting to use cannabis for medicaltreatment discontinue use due to the aforementioned “negative” sideeffects, such as being “high” or intoxicated, and these ratios havedemonstrated a clear potential to mitigate these effects.

The decrease in flavor feedback for the CBD blends was likely due to theaddition of unpalatable CBD-rich plant material and kief to reach thedesired cannabinoid levels. This result further reinforces our originalhypothesis of the need for specialty cannabis varieties which containCBD with desirable terpene profiles to create pleasing aromas/flavorsand reduced side effects. Patients may discontinue use of previouslyavailable medicinal CBD marijuana due to unpleasant aromas and poororganoleptic feel. Currently existing THC:CBD cultivars have terpeneprofiles and total oil content that result in organoleptic propertiesand entourage effects that are less appealing than the THC-onlycultivars. In one embodiment, patients wishing to use the specialtycannabis of the present invention for medicinal purposes will prefer theimproved aroma and flavor.

While it has been known that CBD is an antagonist to the CB1 and CB2receptor (Mechoulam et al., 2007 “Cannabidiol-recent advances” Chembiodivers 4(8) 1678-92), studies between CBD producing varieties haveoften compared varieties with high CBD contents and varying THCcontents. Thus it has been difficult to distinguish the effects of theaddition of CBD, to that of the reduction of THC. In this study, we haveshown that beneficial trends can be seen with the addition of smallamount of CBD, and that, unexpectedly, these effects do not require asubstantially diminished THC content.

Example 10. Volunteer Trials Using Specialty Cannabis Effect of AddedHigh Terpene Oil

The fifth and sixth week of the trials were designed to test the effectof higher terpene oil content on cannabis plants. For this trial, thesame groups (1-6) used in Example 9 were asked to compare the more oilrich profiles of (a-f) to the “typical” terpene profile of (g) found incurrently existing THC:CBD or CBD varieties (Tables 35 and 36, and FIG.4 ). This “typical” profile was represented by a known chemotype IIvariety “Harlequin” (Week 5), or by mimicking the terpene profile with ablend of CBD01 and BLU06 varieties (Week 6), which allowed the THC:CBDratio to be adjusted. For each week, the control and the comparatorsamples had nearly identical ratios of THC:CBD. On Week five, theTHC:CBD ratio of the samples being tested was ~1:2 (Harlequin). On Weeksix, the THC:CBD ratio of the samples was ~2:1 (BLU6 and CBD1 blend).The terpene profile of the control was the typical low oilmyrcene-dominated profile of the mixed cannabinoid cultivars, while thecomparators had higher oil content representative of the specialtycannabis plants of the present invention.

Samples for the trials were generated as described in Example 9.However, for this example, samples were ground by hand. As before, eachsample was analyzed via GC-FID and HPLC before being provided tovolunteers in order to ensure consistency (Tables 35 and 36, and FIG. 4). The same questionnaire that was used in Example 9 (i.e., as providedin FIG. 2 ) was used to assess the volunteer feedback on the testedblends.

The sample ID of the control sample is highlighted (Tables 35 and 36)and the relative terpene profile is labeled in FIG. 4 . Week 5 of thisstudy compared a typical low oil 1:2 THC:CBD variety (Harlequin in thiscase) to higher oil blends prepared from a parental CBD line (CBD01) andvarious parental THC lines. Because the mass ratios required to createthe 1:2 THC:CBD ratio were approximately 1:4, the terpene profiles wereall dominated by myrcene from CBD01, and this is observed in theanalytical results. While all the relative terpene profiles were similarand dominated by myrcene, the absolute content was significantlydifferent, with the control (Harlequin) having less than 1% and all ofthe comparators having greater than 1.5%.

Week six compared a typical low oil 2:1 THC:CBD variety (mimicked byblending BLU06:CBD01) to higher oil blends prepared from a parental CBDline (CBD01) and various parental THC lines. More diversity can now beseen in the terpene profiles of the comparators and the control. Thecontrol samples had lower terpene oil contents of ~1%, while thecomparators were generally between 1.5-2%.

TABLE 35 Cannabinoid levels of cannabis blends for Week 5 and 6 trialsas measured by GC-FID and HPLC. Blank values indicate undetectablelevels or 0 Cannabinoids (GC-FID) Cannabinoids (UHPLC) THC CBD THC:CBDby GC THCA CBDA THCA:CBDA by HPLC Sample Wt% 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt% 95%Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl Wt% 95% Cl MPCM-13A-006-a 3.24% 0.09% 10.37%0.11% 0.31 0.01 4.65% 0.05% 14.20% 0.24% 0.33 0.00 MPCM-13A-006-b 3.49%0.53% 8.69% 0.16% 0.40 0.07 4.93% 0.75% 11.99% 0.33% 0.41 0.07MPCM-13A-06-c 3.65% 0.09% 8.87% 0.51% 0.41 0.02 5.29% 0.09% 12.24% 0.93%0.43 0.03 MPCM-13A-006-d 3.42% 1.38% 10.41% 3.61% 0.33 0.02 4.90% 1.86%13.56% 2.99% 0.36 0.05 MPCM-13A-006-e 4.04% 0.48% 9.26% 0.24% 0.44 0.065.99% 0.60% 12.90% 0.13% 0.46 0.05 MPCM-13A-006-f 3.13% 0.07% 9.64%0.47% 0.33 0.01 4.71% 0.07% 13.29% 0.57% 0.35 0.01 MPCM-13A-00g-g 4.57%0.12% 9.97% 0.15% 0.46 0.00 6.59% 0.00% 14.15% 0.08% 0.47 0.00 Week 6MPCM-13A-007-a 9.79% 0.35% 4.58% 0.39% 2.15 0.15 14.66% 0.94% 6.99%0.03% 2.10 0.14 MPCM-13A-007-b 9.09% 0.44% 4.70% 0.22% 1.94 0.16 12.33%0.63% 6.40% 0.28% 1.93 0.16 MPCM-13A-007-c 9.63% 0.41% 5.90% 0.30% 1.630.15 13.04% 0.40% 8.12% 0.50% 1.61 0.15 MPCM-13A-007-d 7.39% 0.31% 5.14%0.27% 1.44 0.13 11.00% 1.47% 7.74% 1.95% 1.44 0.16 MPCM-13A-007-e 10.83%0.71% 7.14% 0.38% 1.52 0.18 14.61% 1.66% 9.60% 0.69% 1.52 0.18MPCM-13A-007-f 8.06% 0.57% 5.27% 0.30% 1.53 0.02 13.05% 1.42% 8.38%1.10% 1.56 0.04 MPCM-13A-007-g 8.13% 0.37% 4.10% 0.07% 1.98 0.11 12.94%0.85% 5.33% 0.58% 2.43 0.15

TABLE 36 Terpene contents of cannabis blends for Week 5 and 6 trials asmeasured by GC-FID. Blank values indicate undetectable levels or 0Terpenes (GC-FID) alpha pinene camphen e beta pinene myrcene alphaphellandr ene carene alpha terpinene limonene beta ocimene gammaterpinene terpinolen e linalool fenchol alpha terpineol beta caryophyllene alpha humulene cary oxide Total identified oil (wt%) Sample Wt % 95%Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95%Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95%Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Wt % 95% Cl Relati vemyrc ene Week6 MPCM-13A-006-a 0.29 4% 9 0.01 3% 0.12 9% 0.00 3% 0.87 1%0.01 6% 0.07 6% 0.00 3% 0.03 6% 0.00 2% 0.01 6% 0.00 1% 0.02 8% 0.00 1%0.20 2% 0.01 0% 0.06 0% 0.00 2% 1.72 7% 0.01 0% 50% MPCM-13A-006-b 0.229% 2 0.00 7% 0.12 0% 0.00 5% 0.65 6% 0.01 8% 0.18 2% 0.00 5% 0.02 7%0.00 1% 0.06 5% 0.00 2% 0.03 0% 0.00 1% 0.03 6% 0.00 1% 0.22 4% 0.00 6%0.06 4% 0.00 2% 1.63 5% 0.04 2% 40% MPCM-13A-06-c 0.22 9% 2 0.01 3% 0.111% 0.00 5% 0.74 8% 0.03 1% 0.09 1% 0.00 1% 0.06 9% 0.00 6% 0.04 4% 0.001% 0.01 9% 0.00 1% 0.02 9% 0.00 1% 0.19 0% 0.00 8% 0.05 8% 0.00 2% 1.587% 0.05 0% 47% MPCM-13A-006-d 0.23 8% 3 0.06 8% 0.12 6% 0.03 8% 0.64 3%0.19 3% 0.07 1% 0.02 2% 0.05 1% 0.01 6% 0.16 9% 0.05 1% 0.04 3% 0.01 3%0.02 0% 0.00 7% 0.03 3% 0.00 9% 0.19 6% 0.05 9% 0.05 5% 0.01 7% 1.64 5%0.49 3% 39% MPCM-13A-006-e 0.28 3% 0.00 7% 0.12 0% 0.00 3% 0.77 5% 0.014% 0.03 7% 0.00 1% 0.05 3% 0.00 1% 0.01 5% 0.00 1% 0.02 7% 0.00 2% 0.215% 0.00 5% 0.06 0% 0.00 1% 1.63 9% 0.02 9% 47% MPCM-13A-006-f 0.24 3%0.02 5% 0.12 3% 0.01 1% 0.73 4% 0.06 6% 0.13 4% 0.01 2% 0.06 0% 0.00 3%0.02 4% 0.00 1% 0.03 2% 0.00 1% 0.22 5% 0.01 4% 0.06 2% 0.00 4% 1.63 5%0.13 7% 45% MPCM-13A-00 g-g 0.11 0% 1 0.00 3% 0.05 2% 0.00 1% 0.28 2%0.00 3% 0.04 2% 0.00 2% 0.03 9% 0.00 3% 0.01 9% 0.00 2% 0.03 0% 0.00 4%0.07 3% 0.00 2% 0.02 5% 0.00 0% 0.67 0% 0.00 2% 42% MPCM-13A-007-a 0.323% 0.00 4% 0.11 3% 0.00 4% 0.51 7% 0.02 5% 0.04 9% 0.00 9% 0.02 4% 0.001% 0.16 4% 0.01 2% 0.05 6% 0.00 4% 1.29 0% 0.04 6% 40% MPCM-13A-007-b0.16 2% 0.00 7% 0.10 8% 0.00 3% 0.41 6% 0.01 4% 0.31 4% 0.01 0% 0.04 7%0.00 1% 0.10 7% 0.00 1% 0.04 8% 0.00 1% 0.05 3% 0.00 1% 0.27 7% 0.00 5%0.07 8% 0.00 1% 1.61 0% 0.04 1% 26% MPCM-13A-007-c 0.19 2% 0.00 7% 0.097% 0.00 1% 0.63 7% 0.00 5% 0.12 6% 0.00 3% 0.15 2% 0.00 5% 0.06 6% 0.006% 0.19 4% 0.03 1% 0.06 3% 0.01 1% 1.58 8% 0.05 1% 40% MPCM-13A-007-d0.16 1% 0.00 6% 0.10 4% 0.00 5% 0.43 9% 0.02 1% 0.01 5% 0.00 1% 0.00 9%0.00 1% 0.00 7% 0.00 1% 0.10 3% 0.02 9% 0.10 6% 0.00 5% 0.00 5% 0.00 1%0.26 5% 0.00 7% 0.04 6% 0.00 1% 0.02 1% 0.00 1% 0.03 6% 0.00 2% 0.14 2%0.00 8% 0.03 9% 0.00 2% 1.49 8% 0.06 6% 29% MPCM-13A-007-e 0.35 1% 0.015% 0.12 5% 0.00 5% 1.03 0% 0.03 3% 0.07 5% 0.00 2% 0.08 7% 0.00 2% 0.090% 0.00 2% 0.01 4% 0.00 0% 0.02 5% 0.00 0% 0.26 4% 0.00 4% 0.07 1% 0.001% 2.13 1% 0.06 1% 48% MPCM-13A007-f 0.16 9% 0.00 6% 0.10 4% 0.00 1%0.50 9% 0.00 8% 0.24 8% 0.00 6% 0.10 8% 0.01 1% 0.03 5% 0.00 4% 0.25 7%0.02 9% 0.06 8% 0.00 8% 1.54 1% 0.06 1% 33% MPCM-13A007-g 0.21 8% 0.011% 0.09 4% 0.00 5% 0.50 6% 0.02 6% 0.05 5% 0.00 7% 0.04 6% 0.00 1% 0.016% 0.00 1% 0.02 4% 0.00 0% 0.07 7% 0.00 1% 0.02 5% 0.00 1% 1.06 0% 0.050% 48%

The survey results are shown in Table 37 and FIG. 5 .

TABLE 37 Feedback results for Week 5 and 6 trials Averages Question A95% Cl B 95% Cl C 95% Cl D 95% Cl E 95% Cl F 95% Cl TOTAL 95% Cl Week 5Aroma 3 0.80 4 5.88 1.2 1.69 0.667 5.58 4 4.08 1.667 1.73 2.25 1.21Flavor 1.75 0.49 6 1 1.39 3 2.99 3 2.99 1.333 1.73 2.105 0.90 Mind 11.39 -1 1.96 0.25 0.49 2.333 2.85 0.333 1.73 2.667 3.27 1 0.87 Body 0.751.67 -0.5 0.98 0 0.80 0 2.26 2.333 2.85 1.667 4.28 0.737 0.93Intoxication 1.75 0.94 0 1.96 0.2 1.14 0.667 2.36 0.667 0.65 1.333 0.650.8 0.54 Calmness 0.5 0.57 -0.5 0.98 2.4 1.92 0 4.53 2.333 2.36 -1.673.27 0.75 1.11 Alertness 0.75 2.32 1 1.96 0.8 0.73 -0.33 3.97 1.333 2.61-1.33 3.64 0.4 0.97 Anxiety -0.25 0.49 -1.5 2.94 -2 1.64 -2.67 2.851.333 2.61 2.333 5.58 -0.55 1.24 Focus 1 2.12 1.5 2.94 2.2 2.66 0.3334.57 0 1.13 -2.33 2.85 0.6 1.21 Mood 1.5 1.27 3.5 0.98 -0.4 3.37 2.3332.85 0 2.26 1 1.13 1.05 1.10 Energy 0.25 0.49 1 1.96 0.8 1.14 -0.33 6.631 1.13 0.667 1.31 0.55 0.94 Hunger 1.5 1.27 1 1.96 -2 2.06 0.667 1.31-0.67 1.31 2.667 2.85 0.3 1.01 Thirst 0.75 0.94 4.5 2.94 -2.4 2.37 -1.673.27 -2 0.00 2.667 2.85 -0.15 1.34 Physical 0.25 0.94 -1 1.96 -0.2 2.000.333 1.73 1.333 1.73 1.333 1.73 0.35 0.71 Emotional 1 1.13 1.5 0.98 12.63 1 1.96 0.667 0.65 1.667 1.31 1.1 0.72 Function 1 2.65 2 3.92 0.60.78 2.333 2.85 0.667 2.36 0.333 0.65 1.05 0.81 Sedation 0.75 1.23 0.50.98 0.75 2.45 1 2.99 0.333 0.65 2.333 4.71 0.947 0.95 Duration 0.5 0.570 0.00 0.75 1.47 1.333 1.73 1.667 1.73 2.333 2.36 1.105 0.63 Positive 20.80 0.5 2.94 1.2 1.44 1.667 2.36 0.667 2.36 0.667 1.73 1.2 0.68Negative -1 1.13 -1 1.96 -0.2 2.00 -3 3.39 0.333 5.10 0 1.96 -0.75 1.07Aroma -0.4 1.59 3 1.13 3.333 2.85 3.25 0.94 2.333 1.31 2.667 1.73 2.1430.87 Flavor 0.4 0.48 3 1.13 2.667 5.10 0 4.08 3 3.92 2.333 0.65 1.6841.10 Mind -0.6 1.71 0 1.13 0.5 4.90 1.25 2.45 4.667 3.64 1 1.13 1 1.14Body 0 0.88 1.667 1.31 1.5 6.86 1.25 2.93 3 5.88 1.333 1.73 1.3 1.16Intoxication 0.2 2.09 0.333 1.73 0.333 2.61 2.5 3.05 3.333 5.58 1.6670.65 1.333 1.16 Calmness -0.2 2.00 0.667 1.31 -0.67 1.73 0.25 1.47 1.6670.65 -0.33 3.97 0.19 0.81 Alertness -0.2 0.39 -0.67 2.85 0.667 0.65 -3.52.47 0.333 1.73 0.667 1.31 -0.57 0.89 Anxiety -1.8 3.12 -1.33 1.73 -22.26 -1.5 3.80 -1 1.96 2 1.96 -1.05 1.24 Focus -0.2 0.73 -1 3.39 1 1.13-2.75 0.94 -1.67 7.19 -2 2.99 -1.1 1.18 Mood -0.8 1.14 2 2.99 1 3.92-0.5 1.70 0.667 3.46 1.667 1.73 0.476 0.96 Energy 0.2 0.39 -1 1.96 1.3332.36 -2 2.53 1.333 0.65 -0.33 1.31 -0.14 0.79 Hunger 0 0.62 0 1.96 0.3330.65 1.75 2.17 1 1.13 -0.33 2.85 0.476 0.67 Thirst -0.2 0.73 -0.33 2.36-1 2.99 3.25 2.58 -3 2.99 -0.67 4.28 -0.14 1.22 Physical 0.4 0.78 -0.670.65 -2 1.96 -1 1.79 1.667 4.28 1 1.13 -0.1 0.85 Emotional -0.2 1.57-0.67 0.65 -1.33 1.31 0.25 3.34 1 1.96 1 1.96 0 0.83 Function -1 1.52 -11.13 1.333 1.73 -2 1.79 1.333 1.31 -0.33 1.73 -0.43 0.78 Sedation 0 0.882 2.99 0 1.96 0.75 2.81 0.333 0.65 1.667 0.65 0.75 0.76 Duration 0.20.73 1 2.26 3.5 4.90 2.25 2.17 0.333 2.85 2 2.26 1.35 0.91 Positive 0.60.48 2 1.13 0.667 0.65 1 2.65 1.333 1.31 0.667 2.85 1 0.65 Negative -0.60.78 -1 1.13 0.333 2.85 -1.75 1.47 0 2.99 -1.33 0.65 -0.76 0.67

For Week five, both the control and the comparator had nearly the samelevels of THC and CBD, so that any observed change in effect can beattributed to the higher terpene oil contents. The major trend observedin this case is a more pleasing aroma, flavor, and overall positiveassessment of the high oil blends compared to the currently availablelow oil chemotype II “Harlequin”. Additionally, high oil blends showedincreased scores for ability to focus, calmness, energy levels,emotional comfort, and ability to function. This is result demonstratesthat our hypothesis that the higher terpene oil contents of thespecialty cannabis of the present invention mixed THC:CB cultivars willbe found more appealing to cannabis users than the currently availablelow oil varieties.

Example 11. Volunteer Trials Using Specialty Cannabis. Effect of AddedDiverse Terpene Profiles

The seventh Week of the trials was designed to test the effect ofdiverse terpene profiles on cannabis plants. For this trial, the samegroups (1-6) used in Examples 9 and 10 were asked to compare the diverseterpene profile of samples (a-f) to the myrcene dominant terpene profileof (g) found in currently existing THC:CBD and CBD varieties (Table 38and 39, and FIG. 6 ). This study compared a 5:1 THC:CBD cannabinoidratio with a myrcene dominated terpene profile (a blend of BLU06:CBD01in this case) to blends prepared from a parental CBD line (CBD01) andvarious parental THC lines. Samples for the trials were prepared asdescribed in Example 10 by hand grinding and blending cannabis. Asbefore, each sample was analyzed via GC-FID and HPLC before beingprovided to volunteers in order to ensure consistency (Table 38 and 39,and FIG. 6 ). The same questionnaire that was used in Example 9 (i.e.,as provided in FIG. 2 ) was used to assess the volunteer feedback on thetested blends.

The sample ID of the control is highlighted in (Tables 38 and 39) andalso labeled in (FIG. 6 ). This study compared a typical high myrceneterpene profile to higher more desirable terpene profiles with otherterpenes. Samples b, d, and f in particular exhibited desirable terpeneprofiles in which myrcene was not the dominant terpene.

TABLE 38 Cannabinoid levels of cannabis blends for Week 7 trials asmeasured by GC-FID and HPLC Cannabinoids (GC-FID) Cannabinoids (UHPLC)THC CBD THC:CBD by GC THCA CBDA THCA:CBDA by HPLC Sample Wt % 95% CI Wt% 95% CI Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CI MPCM-13A-008-a16.59% 0.65% 2.10% 0.09% 7.92 0.52 21.20% 0.42% 2.57% 0.16% 8.26 0.57MPCM-13A-008-b 14.57% 1.27% 2.02% 0.20% 7.30 1.38 18.82% 0.91% 2.48%0.41% 7.71 1.60 MPCM-13A-008-c 15.47% 0.60% 1.86% 0.18% 8.39 0.99 20.27%0.17% 2.32% 0.10% 8.76 0.32 MPCM-13A-008-d 11.10% 0.80% 1.53% 0.06% 7.270.81 14.99% 0.60% 2.09% 0.10% 7.17 0.53 MPCM-13A-008-e 17.24% 1.03%2.15% 0.12% 8.03 0.79 22.86% 1.22% 2.86% 0.08% 7.98 0.43 MPCM-13A-008-f13.21% 0.54% 2.07% 0.14% 6.42 0.69 17.62% 1.04% 2.46% 0.14% 7.19 0.69MPCM-13A-008-g 14.67% 0.62% 1.60% 0.22% 9.25 1.31 19.75% 0.54% 1.87%0.26% 10.67 1.28

TABLE 39 Terpene contents of cannabis blends for Week 7 trials asmeasured by GC-FID. Blank values indicate undetectable levels or 0Terpenes (GC-FID) alpha pinene camphen e beta pinene myrcene alphaphellandre ne carene alpha terpinene limonene beta ocimene gammaterpinen e terpinolen e linalool fenchol alpha terpineol beta caryophyllene alpha humulene cary oxide Total identified oil (wt%) Sample Wt % 95%CI Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95%CI Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95%CI % Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CI Relative myrce ne MPCM-13A-008-a 0.33 3% 0.00 8% 0.10 5% 0.00 2% 0.48 7% 0.008% 0.06 1% 0.00 2% 0.03 7% 0.00 1% 0.04 6% 0.00 1% 0.16 3% 0.00 6% 0.060% 0.00 2% 1.31 3% 0.01 6% 37% MPCM-13A-008-b 0.09 8% 0.00 5% 0.10 3%0.00 2% 0.29 3% 0.00 7% 0.49 0% 0.01 4% 0.08 0% 0.00 2% 0.16 4% 0.00 3%0.06 9% 0.00 2% 0.07 2% 0.00 2% 0.34 7% 0.01 8% 0.09 8% 0.00 4% 1.83 5%0.07 3% 16% MPCM-13A-008-c 0.11 3% 0.00 6% 0.06 8% 0.00 3% 0.55 1% 0.021% 0.15 8% 0.00 3% 0.24 0% 0.00 4% 0.08 3% 0.00 1% 0.02 8% 0.00 1% 0.043% 0.00 0% 0.17 5% 0.00 1% 0.06 1% 0.00 0% 1.49 7% 0.03 0% 37%MPCM-13A-008-d 0.08 2% 0.00 2% 0.07 9% 0.00 2% 0.24 3% 0.00 5% 0.01 8%0.00 1% 0.01 0% 0.00 0% 0.10 9% 0.03 1% 0.13 1% 0.00 3% 0.33 8% 0.01 1%0.05 3% 0.00 1% 0.02 3% 0.00 1% 0.04 1% 0.00 1% 0.11 2% 0.00 5% 0.03 0%0.00 1% 1.29 0% 0.02 7% 19% MPCM-13A-008-e 0.29 1% 0.01 9% 0.08 8% 0.005% 0.95 3% 0.04 8% 0.06 6% 0.01 1% 0.13 6% 0.00 7% 0.13 2% 0.00 5% 0.320% 0.01 2% 0.08 4% 0.00 4% 2.07 0% 0.10 4% 46% MPCM-13A-008-f 0.07 7%0.00 3% 0.08 1% 0.00 3% 0.26 0% 0.01 0% 0.31 8% 0.01 1% 0.15 1% 0.00 9%0.05 0% 0.00 3% 0.05 4% 0.00 3% 0.28 6% 0.02 2% 0.07 5% 0.00 5% 1.35 1%0.06 4% 19% MPCM-13A-008-g 0.27 0% 0.00 7% 0.12 3% 0.00 6% 0.46 0% 0.023% 0.05 5% 0.00 3% 0.06 3% 0.00 5% 0.14 0% 0.02 3% 0.04 5% 0.00 7% 1.162% 0.05 7% 40%

The survey results are shown in Table 40 and FIG. 7 .

TABLE 40 Feedback results for Week 7 trials Averages for Week 7 QuestionA 95% Cl B 95% Cl C 95% Cl D 95% Cl E 95% Cl F 95% Cl TOTAL 95% Cl Aroma-2 4.08 1.5 0.98 1.333 1.73 2.5 0.98 -0.75 1.47 -0.67 0.65 0.059 1.04Flavor 3.5 6.86 0 -2 2 3.92 -1 1.13 -0.5 0.98 0.455 1.59 Mind 3.333 5.581.5 0.98 1.667 2.85 -0.67 1.31 -1 2.40 -0.25 0.49 0.579 1.20 Body 1.6672.36 2 1.96 2 1.96 0.333 1.31 1 2.12 -0.5 1.70 0.947 0.81 Intoxication1.667 4.28 1 0.00 2 3.39 0 2.26 -0.5 1.70 0 0.80 0.579 0.96 Calmness0.667 2.36 1 0.00 0.333 1.31 1 0.00 -0.25 1.23 0.5 0.57 0.474 0.48Alertness 2.667 6.23 1 0.00 -0.33 2.61 2.667 1.73 -1.75 2.17 1 1.960.737 1.31 Anxiety 0 0.00 0.5 0.98 -0.33 0.65 -3.33 3.27 0.25 0.94 -0.252.45 -0.56 0.93 Focus -0.33 6.23 0.5 0.98 -0.67 2.36 1.667 0.65 -1 0.800.5 0.98 0.053 1.01 Mood 3.333 5.58 1 1.96 3.333 1.73 -0.33 3.27 -0.252.45 0.25 0.49 1.105 1.24 Energy 2 2.26 0 0.00 0 2.99 1.667 2.36 -0.51.88 1 1.39 0.684 0.85 Hunger -0.67 0.65 1 1.96 3 2.26 1 1.13 -0.75 1.230.25 0.94 0.526 0.75 Thirst -1 1.13 1 1.96 1.333 0.65 -1 2.26 0.5 1.70-0.25 1.47 0.053 0.69 Physical 1.667 1.73 0.5 0.98 2 1.96 -0.33 2.36-0.5 0.57 0.25 1.23 0.444 0.68 Emotional 3 5.88 0.5 0.98 1.333 1.310.667 3.46 0 0.80 0.75 2.17 1 1.11 Function 0.333 0.65 -0.5 0.98 -0.332.85 2 1.96 0.5 1.70 0.25 1.23 0.421 0.71 Sedation 1.333 3.64 1 0.002.667 5.35 -0.67 2.36 0.5 3.80 1.5 2.33 1.053 1.32 Duration 2.333 3.64 00.00 2 4.08 0.667 0.65 -0.5 1.27 1.5 2.47 1 1.02 Positive 3 5.88 0.50.98 4.333 0.65 1.667 2.36 0.25 1.86 1.25 1.67 1.789 1.17 Negative -0.332.85 0.5 0.98 -1.67 2.36 -1.67 3.27 0 1.39 0 1.39 -0.53 0.84

Since both the control and the comparator had nearly the same levels ofTHC and CBD, any observed change in effect could be attributed to thevaried terpene profiles. In general, non-myrcene dominant profilesshowed increases in energy and alertness, associated with less “couchlock”. Moreover, analysis of each terpene profile separately revealedseveral terpene specific effects. For example, there were largeincreases in the aroma preference for classes b and d which had profilesdominated by terpenes other than myrcene (limonene and terpinolene,respectively). There was also an increase in calmness for all classesexcept e, which was the only class to have substantially more myrcenethan the control sample. Terpinolene rich d is more anxiolytic whichagrees with studies showing terpinolene to have a calming effect on mice(Ito et al. 2013 “The sedative effect of inhaled terpinolene in mice andits structure-activity relationships” J Nat Med 67:833-837. Increasedocimene in C always improved mood enhancement. Ocimene has beensuggested to be an anxiolytic in mice (Okoli et al., 2010“Anticonvulsant and anxiolytic evaluation of leaf extracts of Ocimumgratissimum, a culinary herb). These results show that non-myrcenedominant profiles can increase the amount of energy and alertness afterconsuming cannabis by overcoming the “couch lock” effect of myrcene. Inaddition, the reduction in myrcene also allows for entourage effects ofother terpenes to create unique specialty cannabis tailored to a desiredmedicinal or recreational effect.

Example 12. Development of THC:THCv/CBDv Specialty Cannabis Varieties

Unique parental THC, CBD, and THC:THCV lines from Examples 2-4 wereselected and one of the parental cultivars was treated with silverthiosulfate to coax the pistillate plant to produce staminate,pollen-bearing flowers. The THC:CBD, or THC class varieties were crossedwith THV01 lines. The resulting progeny were screened by TLC to identifyplants producing more than one cannabinoid (e.g., THC:THCV, orTHCV:CBDV). Progeny exhibiting desired cannabinoid profiles were allowedto reach maturity and the flowers were harvested and processed. Ingeneral, field observations could detect the crosses with the desiredcharacteristics, however this was verified by chemotype analysis and thefinal flower was analyzed for cannabinoid and terpene content. Table 41outlines the initial crosses performed with THC class or CBD varietiesand THCV parental lines. The crosses produced progeny approaching ratiossupporting the separate loci for the control of THC/CBD and THCv assuggested by de Meijer et al. I, II, III, and IV (I: 2003, Genetics,163:335-346; II: 2005, Euphytica, 145:189-198; III: 2009, Euphytica,165:293-311; and IV: 2009, Euphytica, 168:95-112). TLC results areindicated as + or -, where + indicates the production of THCV with atleast one other cannabinoid.

TABLE 41 Crosses performed between THC:CBD parental and THCV producingparental lines. TLC result of + indicates presence of THCV with at leastone other cannabinoid P Donor THV01 CBD05 P Acceptor SIL08xP GRE01 YEL03THV01 Code TLC Result Code TLC Result Code TLC Result Code TLC Result 1SIL08xTP-01 - GRE01xTP-01 - YEL03xTP-01 - THV01xTP-01 + 2 SIL08xTP-02 +GRE01xTP-02 - YEL03xTP-02 - THV01xTP-02 - 3 Code SIL08xTP-03 TLCResult - Code GRE01xTP-03 TLC Result - Code YEL03xTP-03 TLC Result -Code THV01xTP-03 TLC Result - 4 GRE01xTP-04 - YEL03xTP-04 -THV01xTP-04 + 5 YEL03xTP-05 + THV01xTP-05 + 6 YEL03xPT-06 -THV01xTP-06 + 7 THV01xTP-07 + 8 THV01xTP-08 + 9 THV01xTP-09 - 10THV01xTP-10 + 11 THV01xTP-11 - 12 THV01xTP-12 + 13 THV01xTP-13 + 14THV01xTP-14 - 15 THV01xTP-15 - 16 THV01xTP-16 + 17 THV01xTP-17 - 18THV01xTP-18 - 19 THV01xTP-19 + 20 THV01xTP-20 + 21 THV01xTP-21 + 22THV01xTP-22 + 23 THV01xP-23 - 24 THV01xTP-24 +

Example 13. Chemical Analysis of Cannabinoids and Terpenes of THC:THCVSpecialty Cannabis Progeny

The new specialty cannabis varieties created through crosses describedin Examples 5 and 12 were subjected to cannabinoid and terpene chemicalanalysis as described in Example 1. The levels of cannabinoids weremeasured by both GC-FID (Table 42) and HPLC (Table 43). Terpenes weremeasured using GC-FID and are presented as absolute content measurementsbased on the percent content by weight of dry inflorescences (Table 44)and relative content as a percent of the total terpene profile (Table45). The GC-FID cannabinoid analysis of Table 42 also includedmeasurements for CBGV, CBN, and Delta 8 THC, all of which were measuredto be less than 0.06% and were therefore not included in the table.Similarly, the HPLC cannabinoid analysis of Table 43 includedmeasurements for CBCA, CBGVA, CBC, THCV, CBDV, CBGV, CBN and Delta 8 THCall of which were measured to be less than 0.08%, and were therefore notincluded in the table.

The specialty cannabis produced by the crosses described in Example 12contain THCV or CBDV cannabinoids while also producing desirable terpeneprofiles. For example, the YEL03 X TP05 plant of Tables 44 and 45 has anon-myrcene dominant terpene profile. Thus in some embodiments, thespecialty cannabis of the present invention has THCV with a non-myrcenedominant terpene profile. In some embodiments, the reduced myrcenecontent of the specialty cannabis will reduce the amount of “couch lock”effect produced by myrcene. In other embodiments, the terpene profilesof the other THCV and CBDV progeny provide diverse terpene profilesdesigned to produce desirable aroma/flavors and organoleptic appeal. Inother embodiments, the terpene profiles of the THCV and CBDV progenyallow for terpene entourage effects to reduce the side effects of THC.For example the THV01 X P07, THV01 X P02, THV01 X P18, and THV01 X P11have increased levels of ocimene terpene. In some embodiments higherocimene levels will impart woody and floral aromas/flavors to thespecialty cannabis of the present invention.

The breeding scheme described in Example 12 also produced specialtycannabis plants with increased terpene oil content. For example, progenyplant THV01 X P-03 has a terpene oil content greater than 2%. In someembodiments, the higher oil content of the specialty cannabis varietiesprovide “smoother” aromas and flavors and will raise the total terpenelevels so as increase the pharmacological entourage effects of saidterpenes. For example despite having a myrcene dominant profile, theTHV01 X P-03 specialty cannabis of the present invention is expected toprovide a better organoleptic experience than that of the myrcenedominant THCV varieties currently available which tend to have lowterpene oil levels.

TABLE 4 Cannabinoid values as measured by GC-FID for THC:THCV and CBDVspecialty cannabis varieties. Blank values indicate undetectable levelsor 0 Cannabinoids (GC-FID) THC CBD CBG CBC THCV CBDV Cannabs by GCTHC:THCV by GC Cannabs / Terps (GC) Sample Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt %Wt % Wt % Wt % THV01xP-01 4.81% 0.41% 0.09% 0.80% 6.10% 6.00 4.26THV01xP-06 1.63% 2.87% 0.17% 0.25% 0.27% 0.32% 5.51% 6.13 4.53THV01xP-08 5.63% 0.35% 0.06% 1.04% 7.08% 5.39 4.31 THV01xP-16 1.78%3.58% 0.20% 0.32% 0.21% 6.09% 4.55 THV01xP-17 6.42% 0.00% 0.43% 0.08%1.01% 7.93% 6.35 5.89 THV01xP-19 1.83% 4.10% 0.16% 0.28% 0.29% 0.43%7.10% 6.44 6.29 THV01xP-20 2.18% 5.21% 0.44% 0.32% 0.24% 0.39% 8.77%8.95 5.20 THV01xP-21 2.27% 4.54% 0.28% 0.31% 0.42% 0.52% 8.34% 5.42 5.37THV01xP-10 1.77% 3.79% 0.44% 0.29% 0.29% 6.57% 3.65 THV01xP-22 6.11%0.69% 0.10% 0.87% 7.76% 7.06 4.61 THV01xP-23 4.10% 0.48% 0.07% 0.91%5.56% 4.48 4.33 THV01xP-07 5.36% 0.56% 0.22% 0.53% 6.67% 10.17 4.04THV01xP-02 3.94% 0.40% 0.05% 0.40% 4.78% 9.84 3.50 THV01xP-18 1.26%4.17% 0.27% 0.27% 0.24% 0.57% 6.76% 5.30 5.45 THV01\xP-24 2.02% 4.64%0.23% 0.32% 0.64% 1.00% 8.86% 3.14 6.92 THV01xP-14 3.24% 0.36% 0.29%0.05% 3.94% 63.55 4.02 THV01xP-15 5.67% 0.01% 1.03% 0.26% 0.66% 7.63%8.54 4.62 THV01xP-09 5.39% 0.01% 0.60% 0.17% 0.63% 6.81% 8.58 4.55THV01xP-03 7.01% 0.00% 0.77% 0.23% 0.35% 8.37% 19.87 3.88 THV01xP-041.54% 4.17% 0.24% 0.28% 0.27% 0.49% 6.98% 5.73 3.74 Cannabinoids(GC-FID) THC CBD CBG CBC THCV CBDV Cannabs by GC THC:THCV by GC Cannabs/ Terps (GC) Sample Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt %THV01xP-05 1.65% 3.32% 0.15% 0.26% 0.48% 5.86% 3.76 THV01xP-11 5.03%0.01% 0.64% 0.21% 0.18% 6.06% 28.41 3.50 THV01xP-12 1.58% 3.87% 0.23%0.32% 0.19% 0.30% 6.49% 8.33 4.11 THV01xP-13 5.49% 1.06% 0.21% 0.30%7.06% 18.17 3.55 SIL08xTP-02 11.14% 0.03% 0.33% 0.15% 0.25% 11.93% 44.747.35 YEL03xTP-05 4.82% 0.00% 0.53% 0.06% 4.12% 9.59% 1.17 8.78 *LOQ forall cannabinoids was 0.14%.

TABLE 43 Cannabinoid measurement by HPLC for THC:CBDV and CBDV specialtycannabis varieties. Blank values indicate undetectable levels or 0Cannabinoids (UHPLC) THCA CBDA CBGA THCVA CBDVA THC CBD CBG Cannabs byHPLC THCA:THCVA by HPLC Cannabs/ Terps (HPLC) Sample Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt %Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % ratio THV01xP-01 7.50% 0.00% 0.74% 1.45%0.07% 0.04% 9.80% 5.16 6.85 THV01xP-06 1.96% 5.05% 0.29% 0.46% 0.69%0.03% 8.48% 4.24 6.97 THV01xP-08 8.00% 0.60% 1.78% 0.14% 10.53% 4.496.40 THV01xP-16 2.08% 6.17% 0.28% 0.27% 0.46% 0.04% 0.04% 0.05% 9.39%7.70 7.01 THV01xP-17 9.31% 0.82% 1.77% 0.09% 0.03% 12.02% 5.25 8.92THV01xP-19 2.06% 5.96% 0.25% 0.48% 0.77% 0.02% 0.04% 0.05% 9.62% 4.288.53 THV01xP-20 2.46% 7.47% 0.55% 0.41% 0.71% 0.05% 0.12% 11.77% 5.976.97 THV01xP-21 2.71% 6.58% 0.47% 0.70% 0.97% 0.02% 0.04% 0.04% 11.52%3.87 7.41 THV01xP-10 2.29% 6.59% 0.63% 0.34% 0.59% 0.04% 0.04% 0.04%10.56% 6.65 5.86 Cannabinoids (UHPLC) THCA CBDA CBGA THCVA CBDVA THC CBDCBG Cannabs by HPLC THCA:THCVA by HPLC Cannabs/ Terps (HPLC) Sample Wt %Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % ratio THV01xP-22 8.49%0.93% 1.20% 0.08% 10.71% 7.08 6.37 THV01xP-23 5.60% 0.74% 1.49% 0.19%8.03% 3.75 6.26 THV01xP-07 7.90% 0.82% 1.96% 0.08% 0.09% 10.85% 4.046.58 THV01xP-02 6.14% 0.60% 0.80% 0.07% 0.06% 7.66% 7.72 5.60 THV01xP-181.23% 5.94% 0.29% 0.34% 0.91% 0.07% 0.04% 0.09% 8.91% 3.59 7.18THV01xP-24 2.30% 6.67% 0.47% 1.05% 1.85% 0.09% 12.43% 2.19 9.72THV01xP-14 5.13% 0.64% 0.93% 0.08% 0.06% 6.84% 5.51 6.97 THV01xP-158.54% 1.58% 1.21% 0.15% 0.13% 11.60% 7.07 7.02 THV01xP-09 8.15% 0.99%1.15% 0.12% 0.11% 10.52% 7.07 7.04 THV01xP-03 10.25% 0.01% 1.20% 1.49%0.19% 0.10% 13.25% 6.89 6.14 THV01xP-04 1.79% 7.49% 0.36% 0.51% 1.26%0.03% 0.04% 0.10% 11.61% 3.50 6.21 THV01xP-05 1.79% 5.92% 0.19% 0.57%1.10% 0.06% 0.06% 9.69% 3.16 6.21 THV01xP-11 7.39% 0.02% 1.02% 1.18%0.12% 0.06% 9.78% 6.29 5.63 THV01xP-12 1.93% 6.81% 0.36% 0.38% 0.75%0.03% 0.04% 0.07% 10.36% 5.08 6.56 THV01xP-13 8.13% 1.61% 1.30% 0.20%0.17% 11.41% 6.26 5.73 YEL03xTP-05 6.19% 0.17% 0.70% 6.44% 0.72% 0.09%14.36% 0.96 13.15

TABLE 44 Absolute terpene measurements by GC-FID for THC:CBDV and CBDVspecialty cannabis varieties. Blank values indicate undetectable levelsor 0 Terpenes (GC-FID) terpinolene alpha phellandrene beta ocimenecarene limonene gamma terpinen e alpha pinene alpha terpinen e betapinene fencho camphen e alpha terpineo alpha humulen e beta caryophyllene linalool cary oxide myrcen e Total identifie d oil (wt%) Sample Wt% Wt% Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt %Wt % Wt % THV01xP-01 0.120% 0.137% 0.073% 0.044% 0.015% 0.021% 0.063%0.024% 0.934% 1.431% THV01xP-06 0.109% 0.103% 0.060% 0.034% 0.012 0.017%0.026% 0.022% 0.834% 1.217% THV01xP-08 0.124% 0.157% 0.095% 0.053%0.017% 0.023% 0.036% 0.052% 0.030% 1.058% 1.645% THV01xP-16 0.142%0.106% 0.100% 0.048% 0.014% 0.021% 0.023% 0.064% 0.820% 1.338%THV01xP-17 0.100% 0.121% 0.061% 0.039% 0.014% 0.020% 0.017% 0.034%0.941% 1.347% THV01xP-19 0.092% 0.105% 0.059% 0.034% 0.014% 0.020%0.044% 0.760% 1.128% THV01xP-20 0.173% 0.136% 0.111% 0.054% 0.017%0.024% 0.020% 0.070% 0.031% 1.051% 1.687% THV01xP-21 0.129% 0.119%0.096% 0.050% 0.016% 0.023% 0.032% 0.060% 0.030% 0.999 % 1.554%THV01xP-10 0.181% 0.130% 0.099% 0.051% 0.016% 0.023% 0.049% 0.142%0.034% 1.078% 1.803% THV01xP-22 0.179% 0.123% 0.122% 0.058% 0.014%0.022% 0.050% 0.150% 0.031% 0.933% 1.682% THV01xP-23 0.127% 0.083%0.120% 0.055% 0.011% 0.036% 0.095% 0.019% 0.737% 1.283% THV01xP-070.410% 0.156% 0.057% 0.034% 0.016% 0.024% 0.073% 0.120% 0.055% 0.705%1.650% THV01xP-02 0.336% 0.145% 0.032% 0.026% 0.015% 0.046% 0.133%0.034% 0.600% 1.367% THV01xP-18 0.357% 0.151% 0.040% 0.026% 0.016%0.023% 0.032% 0.043% 0.041% 0.512% 1.241% Sample Wt% Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt %Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt %THV01xP-24 0.259% 0.160% 0.035 % 0.028 % 0.018 % 0.024% 0.089% 0.075%0.033 % 0.558% 1.279% THV01xP-14 0.240% 0.125% 0.025 % 0.022 % 0.014 %0.021% 0.023% 0.033% 0.033 % 0.445% 0.981% THV01xP-15 0.392% 0.151%0.050 % 0.031 % 0.017 % 0.024% 0.070% 0.161% 0.064 % 0.691% 1.651%THV01xP-09 0.360% 0.119% 0.087 % 0.039 % 0.014 % 0.023% 0.037% 0.058%0.029 % 0.729 % 1.495% THV01xP-03 0.494% 0.153% 0.165 % 0.063 % 0.016 %0.022% 0.066% 0.101% 0.031 % 1.046% 2.157% THV01xP-04 0.418% 0.145%0.088 % 0.040 % 0.015 % 0.022% 0.046% 0.062% 0.052 % 0.981% 1.869%THV01xP-05 0.335% 0.117% 0.084 % 0.035 % 0.013 % 0.041% 0.038% 0.041 %0.856% 1.560% THV01xP-11 0.480% 0.159% 0.055 % 0.033 % 0.016 % 0.023%0.077% 0.193% 0.048 % 0.651% 1.735% THV01xP-12 0.419% 0.167% 0.041 %0.030 % 0.017 % 0.025% 0.056% 0.146% 0.045 % 0.633% 1.579% THV01xP-130.487% 0.194% 0.055 % 0.037 % 0.021 % 0.026% 0.060% 0.197% 0.071 %0.842% 1.990% SIL08xP-02 0.080% 0.734% 0.068 % 0.111 % 0.094 % 0.019%0.093% 0.044% 0.165% 0.135 % 0.005 % 0.076% 1.624% YEL03xP-05 0.175%0.052% 0.117% 0.094% 0.077 % 0.086% 0.036% 0.032% 0.330 % 0.093 % 1.092%*LOQ for all terpenes was 0.02% except for alpha-pinene, linalool, andalpha-terpineol which were 0.04%.

TABLE 45 Relative terpene levels as measured by GC-FID for THC:CBDV andCBDV specialty cannabis varieties. Blank values indicate undetectablelevels or 0 Terpenes Sample terpinolene alpha phellandrene beta ocimenecarene limonene gamma terpinene alpha pinene alpha terpinene beta pinenefenchol camphene alpha terpineol alpha humulene beta caryophyllenelinalool cary oxide myrcene THV01xP-01 8% 10% 5% 3% 1% 1% 4% 2% 65%THV01xP-06 9% 8% 5% 3% 1% 1% 2% 2% 69% THV01xP-08 8% 10% 6% 3% 1% 1% 2%3% 2% 64% THV01xP-16 11% 8% 7% 4% 1% 2% 2% 5% 61% THV01xP-17 7% 9% 5% 3%1% 1% 1% 3% 70% THV01xP-19 8% 9% 5% 3% 1% 2% 4% 67% THV01xP-20 10% 8% 7%3% 1% 1% 1% 4% 2% 62% THV01xP-21 8% 8% 6% 3% 1% 1% 2% 4% 2% 64%THV01xP-10 10% 7% 5% 3% 1% 1% 3% 8% 2% 60% THV01xP-22 11% 7% 7% 3% 1% 1%3% 9% 2% 55% THV01xP-23 10% 6% 9% 4% 1% 3% 7% 1% 57% THV01xP-07 25% 9%3% 2% 1% 1% 4% 7% 3% 43% THV01xP-02 25% 11% 2% 2% 1% 3% 10% 2% 44%THV01xP-18 29% 12% 3% 2% 1% 2% 3% 3% 3% 41% THV01xP-24 20% 13% 3% 2% 1%2% 7% 6% 3% 44% THV01xP-14 24% 13% 3% 2% 1% 2% 2% 3% 3% 45% THV01xP-1524% 9% 3% 2% 1% 1% 4% 10% 4% 42% THV01xP-09 24% 8% 6% 3% 1% 2% 2% 4% 2%49% THV01xP-03 23% 7% 8% 3% 1% 1% 3% 5% 1% 48% THV01xP-04 22% 8% 5% 2%1% 1% 2% 3% 3% 52% THV01xP-05 21% 8% 5% 2% 1% 3% 2% 3% 55% Sampleterpinolene alpha phellandrene beta ocimene 28% carene limonene 9% gammaterpinene alpha pinene 3% alpha terpinene beta pinene 2% fenchol 1%camphene alpha terpineol 1% alpha humulene 4% beta caryophyllene 11%linalool 3% cary oxide myrcene 38% THV01xP-11 THV01xP-12 27% 11% 3% 2%1% 2% 4% 9% 3% 40% THV01xP-13 24% 10% 3% 2% 1% 1% 3% 10% 4% 42%SIL08xTP-02 5% 45% 4% 7% 6% 1% 6% 3% 10% 8% 0% 5% YEL03xTP-05 8% 7% 9%16% 5% 3% 9% 30% 3% 11%

Example 14. Volunteer Trials Using THC:THCV Specialty Cannabis Effect ofAdded THCV

In order to demonstrate the added utility of the specialty cannabisvarieties of the present invention, volunteer comparison trials wereconducted. During these trials, volunteers were provided with cannabisflower blends with varying terpene and cannabinoid profiles to determinethe effect of specialty cannabis with added THCv.

The volunteer trial for THCV was conducted in two weeks. Volunteers weresplit into six groups (1-6). Each volunteer in the group was given twosamples (a control and a comparator blend). For instance, they weregiven a1 and a2, or bl and b2, or c1 and c2, or d1 and d2, or e1 and e2,or f1 and f2 (see Table 46 for trial design). In this trial, the controlcomparator blends were prepared to contain nearly identical levels ofTHC and terpenes, but each week the comparator had either 1.5% THCV, or2.5% THCV, added in.

TABLE 46 THCV effect trial overview for Weeks 3 and 4. Week 3 4 THC orTHC+1.5% THCV THC or THC+2.5% THCV Terpene Class Control and ComparatorTerpenes Base Cultivar Control ID Comp ID Group 5 Group 4 a myrcene,pinene GRA8 a1 a2 Group 6 Group 5 b limonene, linalool, caryophyllene,humulene WHI2 b2 b1 Group 1 Group 6 c ocimene, myrcene GRE1 c1 c2 Group2 Group 1 d terpinolene, ocimene PUR2 d2 d1 Group 3 Group 2 e myrcene,pinene, ocimene, linalool, caryophyllene PUR5 e1 e2 Group 4 Group 3 flimonene, caryophyllene, myrcene, linalool RED1 f2 f1

Samples for the trials were prepared as described in Example 10 by handgrinding and blending cannabis flowers. As before, each sample wasanalyzed via GC-FID and HPLC before being provided to volunteers inorder to ensure consistency (Table 47 and 48, and FIG. 8 ). The samequestionnaire that was used in Example 8 was used to assess thevolunteer feedback on the tested blends.

TABLE 47 Cannabinoid levels of cannabis blends for Week 3 and Week 4trials as measured by GC-FID and HPLC. Control samples highlighted.Blank values indicate undetectable levels or 0 Cannabinoids (GC-FID)Cannabinoids (UHPLC) THC THCV THC:THCV by GC THCA THCVA THCA:THCVA byHPLC Sample Wt % 95 %CI Wt % 95 %CI Wt % 95 % CI Wt % 95 % CI Wt % 95 %CI Wt % 95 % CI Week 3 MPCM-13A-004-a1 19.02% 0.56% MPCM-13A-004-a216.36% 0.49% 1.48% 0.03% 11.05 0.53 MPCM-13A-004-b1 13.96% 1.15% 1.38%0.04% 10.11 0.51 MPCM-13A-004-b2 16.34% 1.85% MPCM-13A-004-c1 17.04%0.61% HPLC measurements not conducted for Week 3 samples MPCM-13A-004-c214.85% 0.86% 1.33% 0.05% 11.17 0.70 MPCM-13A-004-d1 10.46% 0.26% 1.37%0.10% 7.64 0.40 MPCM-13A-004-d2 10.34% 0.91% MPCM-13A-004-e1 19.61%0.42% MPCM-13A-004-e2 16.46% 0.56% 1.41% 0.04% 11.50 0.49MPCM-13A-004-f1 14.12% 0.69% 1.40% 0.03% 10.12 0.43 MPCM-13A-004-f215.50% 0.59% Week 4 MPCM-13A-005-a1 19.02% 0.56% MPCM-13A-005-a2 21.03%0.38% 2.75% 0.26% 7.68 0.60 27.38% 0.68% 4.45% 0.39% 6.17 0.46MPCM-13A-005-b1 19.31% 1.78% 2.72% 0.20% 7.12 0.98 24.96% 1.53% 4.44%0.33% 5.64 0.55 MPCM-13A-005-b2 16.34% 1.85% 24.27% 2.32%MPCM-13A-005-c1 17.04% 0.61% 25.16% 0.79% MPCM-13A-005-c2 20.83% 0.63%2.99% 0.12% 6.97 0.50 26.09% 1.32% 4.83% 0.16% 5.41 0.39 MPCM-13A-005-d115.29% 0.52% 2.67% 0.06% 5.73 0.32 20.57% 0.20% 4.34% 0.07% 4.74 0.12MPCM-13A-005-d2 10.34% 0.91% 16.06% 0.98% MPCM-13A-005-e1 19.61% 0.42%28.10% 0.26% MPCM-13A-005-e2 22.93% 1.44% 2.96% 0.04% 7.76 0.58 28.72%1.10% 4.70% 0.02% 6.11 0.22 MPCM-13A-005-f1 19.00% 0.79% 2.75% 0.45%7.02 1.25 24.70% 0.36% 4.37% 0.79% 5.75 1.01 MPCM-13A-005-f2 15.50%0.59% 23.47% 0.79%

TABLE 48 Terpene contents of cannabis blends for Week 3 and Week 4trials as measured by GC-FID. Blank values indicate undetectable levelsor 0 Terpenes (GC-FID) alpha pinene camphene beta pinene myrcene alphaphellandrene carene alpha terpinene limonene beta ocimene gammaterpinene terpinolene linalool fenchol alpha terpineol betacaryophyllene alpha humulene cary oxide Total identified oil (wt%)Relative myrce ne Sample Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CIWt % 95 % CI Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CIWt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CIWt % 95% CI Wt % 95% CI Week3 MPCM-13A-004-al 0.42 8% 0.01 1% 0.11 7%0.00 2% 0.57 8% 0.00 2% 0.07 0% 0.00 0% 0.04 1% 0.000 1% 0.04 7% 0.00 1%0.17 7% 0.00 3% 0.06 8% 0.00 1% 1.52 3% 0.02 6% 38% MPCM-13A-004-a2 0.326% 0.01 9% 0.09 9% 0.00 6% 0.67 8% 0.03 1% 0.11 3% 0.00 4% 5% 0.10 0.0003% 0.04 7% 0.00 0% 0.20 0% 0.00 8% 0.07 5% 0.00 3% 1.69 0% 0.07 4% 40%MPCM-13A-004-b1 0.06 7% 0.00 5% 0.08 5% 8 0.00 6% 0.35 7% 0.01 9% 0.531% 0.03 2% 0.14 8% 0.00 6% 0.14 0% 0.00 7% 0.06 3% 0.00 3% 0.07 0% 70.00 5% 0.39 0% 0.02 0% 0.11 6% 0.00 6% 1.97 3% 7 0.11 4% 18%MPCM-13A-004-b2 0.07 9% 0.00 9% 0.11 5% 1 0.01 2% 0.25 2% 0.01 9% 0.710% 0.06 9% 0.12 8% 0.01 2% 0.18 8% 0.01 8% 0.08 2% 0.00 7% 0.08 6% 0.007% 0.39 5% 0.03 9% 0.11 1% 0.01 1% 2.20 8% 0.24 5% 11% MPCM-13A-004-cl0.09 3% 0.00 3% 0.06 6% 6 0.00 1% 0.67 2% 0.02 0% 0.21 2% 0.00 6% 0.361% 0.01 5% 0.09 8% 0.00 5% 0.03 1% 0.00 3% 0.05 1% 0.00 3% 0.19 3% 0.016% 0.07 0% 0.00 7% 1.84 8% 0.07 2% 36% MPCM-13A-004-c2 0.08 5% 0.00 3%0.06 1% 0.00 1% 0.63 0% 0.00 8% 0.20 5% 0.00 5% 0.31 8% L 0.00 8% 0.084% 0.00 6% 0.03 2% 0.00 2% 0.04 6% 0.00 4% 0.21 3% 0.02 8% 0.07 7% 0.011% 1.75 1% 5 0.05 8% 36% MPCM-13A-004-d1 0.05 4% 0.00 1% 0.06 6% 6 0.001% 0.28 4% 0.00 8% 0.17 3% 0.00 3% 0.18 5% 0.00 3% 0.26 6% 0.00 7% 0.047% 0.00 0% 0.02 4% 0.00 1% 0.04 0% 0.00 2% 0.13 2% 0.00 3% 0.04 1% 0.001% 1.32 6% 0.07 0% 21% MPCM-13A-004-d2 0.04 7% 0.00 5% 0.06 9% 0.00 6%0.17 0% 0.01 1% 0.10 5% 0.00 9% 0.16 3% 0.01 3% 0.37 9% 0.02 8% 0.04 9%0.00 2% 0.02 1% 0.00 1% 0.04 0% 0.00 2% 0.08 6% 0.00 3% 0.02 3% 0.00 1%1.22 2% 2 0.05 8% 14% MPCM-13A-004-el 0.31 6% 0.01 3% 0.08 2% 0.00 3%1.02 2% 0.01 8% 0.06 0% 0.00 1% 0.16 6% 0.00 4% 0.13 8% 0.00 2% 0.31 1%0.00 5% 0.08 0% 0.00 1% 2.17 1% 7 0.05 1% 47% MPCM-13A-004-e2 0.23 9%0.01 5% 0.06 9% 6 0.00 2% 0.90 0% 0.01 8% 0.09 3% 0.00 2% 0.19 0% 0.001% 0.11 0% 0.00 1% 0.29 2% 0.00 7% 0.08 3% 0.00 1% 2.01 5% 0.03 8% 45%MPCM-13A-004-f1 0.04 7% 0.00 2% 0.07 1% 0.00 3% 0.25 8% 0.01 0% 0.38 3%0.02 2% 0.06 5% 0.00 3% 0.13 8% 0.00 6% 0.04 7% 0.00 2% 0.05 3% 0.00 2%0.29 5% 0.01 5% 0.08 3% 0.00 3% 1.43 9% 0.06 9% 18% MPCM-13A-004-f2 0.043% 0.00 1% 0.08 4% 0.00 2% 0.15 4% 0.00 2% 0.48 3% 0.01 3% 0.17 7% 0.003% 0.05 4% 0.00 1% 0.05 9% 0.00 1% 0.30 6% 0.00 5% 0.07 9% 0.00 2% 1.446% 0.03 7% 11% Week4 MPCM-13A-005-al 0.42 8% 0.01 1% 0.11 7% 0.00 2%0.57 8% 0.00 2% 0.07 0% 0.00 0% 0.04 1% 0.00 1% 0.04 7% 4 0.00 1% 0.177% 0.00 3% 0.06 8% 0.00 1% 1.52 3% 2 0.02 6% 38% MPCM-13A-005-a2 0.41 0%0.01 3% 0.12 8% 0.00 5% 0.66 7% 0.03 1% 3 0.14 6% 0.00 8% 0.11 3% L 0.006% 0.04 9% 4 0.00 1% 0.02 0% 2 0.00 1% 0.02 9% 0.00 1% 0.28 6% 0.01 4%0.10 7% 0.00 5% 1.95 7% 0.08 1% 34% MPCM-13A-005-b1 0.10 2% 0.00 3% 0.118% 0.00 4% 0.37 4% 0.00 8% 0.63 9% 0.03 6% 0.17 2% 0.00 5% 0.17 0% 0.009% 0.07 7% 7 0.00 3% 0.07 8% 0.00 2% 0.47 6% 0.02 0% 0.14 9% 0.00 3%2.41 8% 1 0.09 2% 15% MPCM-13A-005-b2 0.07 9% 0.00 9% 0.11 5% 0.01 2%0.25 2% 0.01 9% 1 0.71 0% 0.06 9% 0.12 8% 0.01 2% 0.18 8% 0.01 8% 0.082% 0.00 7% 0.08 6% 0.000 7% 0.39 5% 0.03 9% 0.11 1% 0.01 1% 2.20 8% 0.245% 11% MPCM-13A-005-cl 0.09 3% 0.00 3% 0.06 6% 0.00 1% 0.67 2% 0.02 0% 20.21 2% 0.00 6% 0.36 1% 0.01 5% 0.09 8% 0.00 5% 0.03 1% 3 0.00 3% 0.051% 0.00 3% 0.19 3% 0.01 6% 0.07 0% 0.00 7% 1.84 8% 0.07 2% 36%MPCM-13A-005-c2 0.11 9% 0.00 1% 0.08 0% 0.00 1% 0.68 6% 0.01 2% 1 0.252% 0.00 1% 0.34 5% 0.00 4% 0.08 8% 0.00 3% 0.03 5% 3 0.00 1% 0.04 8%0.00 1% 0.30 5% 0.00 3% 0.11 4% 0.00 2% 1.75 9% 0.01 5% 39%MPCM-13A-005-d1 0.08 3% 0.00 1% 0.08 9% 0.00 3% 0.33 3% 0.01 0% 1 0.019% 0.00 1% 0.01 3% 0.00 1% 0.01 0% 0.00 1% 0.22 2% 0.00 8% 0.21 4% L0.00 6% 0.35 2% 0.01 9% 0.05 3% 0.00 2% 0.02 9% 2 0.00 1% 0.04 4% 0.002% 0.22 5% 0.01 0% 0.07 5% 0.00 3% 1.42 2% 0.06 5% 23% MPCM-13A-005-d20.04 7% 0.00 5% 0.06 9% 0.00 6% 0.17 0% 0.01 1% 1 0.10 5% 0.00 9% 0.163% 0.01 3% 0.37 9% 0.02 8% 0.04 9% 0.00 2% 0.02 1% 2 0.00 1% 0.04 0%0.00 2% 0.08 6% 0.00 3% 0.02 3% 0.00 1% 1.22 2% 2 0.05 8% 14%MPCM-13A-005-el 0.31 6% 0.01 3% 0.08 2% 0.00 3% 1.02 2% 0.01 8% 1 0.060% 0.00 1% 0.16 6% 0.00 4% 0.13 8% 0.00 2% 0.31 1% 0.00 5% 0.08 0% 0.001% 2.17 1% 0.05 1% 47% MPCM-13A-005-e2 0.31 2% 0.01 1% 0.09 8% 0.00 2%1.12 5% 0.01 0% 1 0.14 7% 0.00 2% 0.24 0% 0.00 1% 0.13 9% 0.00 3% 0.019% 1 0.00 2% 0.02 7% 0.00 2% 0.44 6% 0.02 5% 0.13 5% 0.00 9% 2.69 0%0.02 2% 42% MPCM-13A-005-f1 0.07 4% 0.00 7% 0.08 5% 0.00 5% 0.33 3% 0.027% 2 0.43 7% 0.02 2% 0.08 0% 0.01 1% 0.15 1% 0.00 8% 0.05 0% 5 0.00 2%0.05 5% 0.00 1% 0.42 6% 0.02 3% 0.12 9% 0.00 7% 2.01 0% 0.40 1% 17%MPCM-13A-005-f2 0.04 3% 0.00 1% 0.08 4% 0.00 2% 0.15 4% 0.00 2% 0.48 3%0.01 3% 0.17 7% 0.00 3% 0.05 4% 5 0.00 1% 0.05 9% 0.00 1% 0.30 6% 0.005% 0.07 9% 0.00 2% 1.44 6% 0.03 7% 11%

The controls (a1, b2, c1, d2, e1, and f2) had only THC while thecomparators (a2, b1, c2, d1, e2, and f1) had approximately the sameamount of THC plus a small percentage of THCV. In Week Threeapproximately 1.5% of THCV was added, in Week Four 2.5% of THCV wasadded. These non-THC cannabinoids have demonstrated pharmacology (suchas CB2 agonist and mild antagonist to CB1) that we hypothesized mayattenuate some of the negative side effects of THC by blocking theaction of THC itself or by activating alternative pathways (RG Pertwee.2008 “The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plantcannabinoids: delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and delta 9tetrahydrocannabivarin” Br. J Pharmacol. 153(2):199-215).

The controls and comparators in Weeks Three and Four were also blendedto have very similar terpene profiles in order to ensure both sampleshad similar aroma, flavor, and putative entourage effects, so as not topredispose the volunteer into thinking one or the other would bedifferent based on organoleptic properties. Both Table 48 and the FIG. 8(with the controls and comparator sample pairs labeled with brackets)show there is little difference in the terpene profiles of the controland comparator within a group. The blends were always prepared so themyrcene content was below 60% and the total identified essential oilcontent was about 1.5%.

Thirty volunteers were recruited and asked to fill out demographicsurveys. Each week the volunteers were given a control and a comparator,two corresponding surveys as described in Examples 9 and 10. The resultswere analyzed as the averages along with the 95% confidence intervals(Table 49).

The results are presented as the difference in feedback scores betweencontrol samples with just THC cannabinoid, to comparator samples withadded THCV cannabinoid (see Table 49 and FIG. 9 ).

TABLE 49 Combined feedback results for Week 3 and 4 trials Averages forWeeks 3-4 Question A 95% Cl B 95% Cl C 95% Cl D 95% Cl E 95% Cl F 95% ClTOTAL 95% Cl Aroma 2.167 2.45 -0.33 0.65 -0.13 0.78 0.143 1.00 0.2862.21 -0.25 1.27 0.262 0.62 Flavor 1 2.09 -1.25 1.67 0.556 1.14 -1.4 3.310.833 1.06 0.625 1.23 0.237 0.71 Mind 0.333 2.46 0.333 0.83 0 0.92 -1.431.53 -1.33 2.61 0.5 1.96 -0.24 0.72 Body 1 1.82 -0.67 0.83 0.444 1.23-0.43 1.70 -1.83 1.78 0.75 1.42 -0.05 0.64 Intoxication 0 2.37 -0.330.83 -0.11 0.89 -2 1.86 -1.57 2.30 0.375 1.77 -0.58 0.71 Calmness -11.39 0.5 2.07 0.125 1.01 0.714 2.08 -1 1.05 -2.13 1.55 -0.49 0.68Alertness 0 1.52 -1.5 1.21 0 0.65 1.714 1.58 0.286 1.64 -0.63 1.92 00.63 Anxiety -0.67 1.80 0.833 1.38 -0.56 0.74 -1 1.76 -0.14 1.45 0.52.22 -0.19 0.65 Focus 0.167 1.78 -2 1.34 0.444 1.14 1.429 1.27 0.1431.79 1 2.19 0.279 0.70 Mood 0.833 2.17 -1.83 1.55 0 1.08 0.714 1.33-1.57 1.34 -1.75 2.59 -0.6 0.76 Energy -0.5 1.31 -0.83 0.94 0.778 1.632.286 1.40 0.714 1.26 -0.13 0.58 0.442 0.58 Hunger 1.333 2.24 1.167 1.280.333 1.39 0.714 1.99 0.143 0.90 -1.13 1.67 0.349 0.67 Thirst 0 1.01 01.07 0.333 1.03 0.714 1.11 0 2.05 0.25 2.18 0.238 0.61 Physical -2 2.73-0.33 1.49 0.111 0.83 0.571 1.27 -0.29 0.93 -0.13 1.01 -0.28 0.57Emotional -0.83 1.18 0.5 1.50 -0.11 0.89 1 1.05 -0.43 0.58 -1.13 2.58-0.19 0.62 Function 0.333 1.65 0 2.68 -0.33 0.65 1.857 1.68 1.143 1.17-0.88 1.31 0.302 0.64 Sedation 1.167 2.05 0 1.01 -0.11 1.44 -1.14 1.08-0.71 2.25 0.5 1.85 -0.07 0.69 Duration 0.667 2.46 -0.83 0.94 -0.11 0.89-0.14 2.11 -1.43 0.94 -0.63 0.82 -0.42 0.57 Positive 0.333 2.36 -0.831.18 0 0.86 0.714 1.26 -1.71 1.53 -1.25 0.61 -0.47 0.56 Negative 0.61.00 1.167 2.11 -0.33 0.57 -1.29 1.46 0.857 1.79 1.625 0.90 0.405 0.59

Several feedback trends can be seen in the comparison of the twosamples. Most notably, there appeared to be an obvious decrease in thelevel of “mind high”, “intoxication”, and “duration” for cannabis blendscontaining THCV. There also appeared to be an increase in the ability to“function normally”, “energy”, “focus” and “hunger”. Each comparisoncontrol and comparator sample contained equal amounts of THC and nearlyidentical terpene profiles. Thus the differences outlined in Table 49and FIG. 9 are attributed to the small amount of THCV added tocomparator samples.

The observed trends suggest that the addition of a non-THC cannabinoid,such as found in THCV cultivars, can help reduce the feelings associatedwith being “high”, reduce “intoxication”, reduce the “duration”, reduce“sedation”, and improve the ability to “function” normally while underthe influence. Thus in some embodiments, the specialty cannabis of thepresent invention with THCV has the potential to reduce adverse effectsand provide a larger margin of safety for a number of applications. Insome embodiments, the THCV containing specialty cannabis can be used attimes when users wish to still be able to remain functioning normallyeven after smoking. Another use for specialty cannabis of the presentinvention is in medicinal applications. Many times patients attemptingto use cannabis for medical treatment discontinue use due to theaforementioned “negative” side effects, such as being “high” orintoxicated, and these ratios have demonstrated a clear potential of thepresent invention to mitigate these effects. In some embodiments,patients could use the specialty cannabis of the present invention toexperience the hunger inducing effects of cannabis, with reduced effectsof feeling “high” while maintaining an increased ability to function.

THCV has been shown to be a potent CB2 receptor agonist but a mildantagonist for CB 1 receptors. THCV’s response to with the CB1 receptoris also dose dependent as higher doses of THCV allow the molecule tobecome a CB1 agonist (Pertwee, R.G. 2008 “The diverse CB1 and CB2receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids:Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin”).The experiments will also be repeated at higher THCV concentrations.

Example 15. Phenotypic Analysis THCV Specialty Cannabis Progeny(Prophetic)

The new specialty cannabis varieties created through crosses describedin Examples 5 and 12 will be subjected to phenotypic analysis asdescribed in Example 2 (indoor growth) and Example 8 (outdoor growth).

Initial selections will be conducted based on measured phenotypes aswell as the chemical analyses already conducted in Example 13. Cuttingsof desirable progeny will be preserved for subsequent breeding asdescribed in Examples 5, 19 and 20. The data gathering sheet shown inFIG. 2 will be used to guide these phenotype assays. Data that will becollected will include plant height at maturity, plant diameter atmaturity, number of leaflets, leaf type, average number of internodes,leaf color, node branching, number of inflorescences, average non-apical inflorescences, apical inflorescence size, flower clusterdensity, ripening mode, average calyx length, and flower color. Notesabout growth and resistance to pests will also be recorded.

Example 16. Development of CBG Specialty Cannabis Varieties (Prophetic)

Unique parental chemotype I II, III and CBG lines from Examples 2-4 willbe selected and one of the parental cultivars will be treated withsilver thiosulfate to coax the pistillate plant to produce staminate,pollen-bearing flowers. The chemotype I, II or III line will then becrossed, the resulting progeny will be screened by TLC to identifyplants producing either THC:CBG or CBD:CBG. Progeny exhibiting thedesired cannabinoid profile will be allowed to reach maturity and theflowers will be harvested and analyzed via GC-FID and HPLC. Table 50outlines the initial crosses that will be performed. Progeny from thesecrosses will also be allowed to “self” to produce CBG producing cannabiswith desirable terpene profiles and high terpene oil contents of theparental varieties. Progeny will also be backcrossed to parental linesto reinforce parental chemical and morphological phenotypes. For a morethorough description of expected breeding schemes, see Example 5.

TABLE 50 Prophetic crosses with CBG02 parents Acceptor Acceptor AcceptorP Donor Cultivar Trait Cultivar Trait Cultivar Trait Seed Batch CodeCBG02xS- GOD13 1,2,3,12 GOD02 1,2,3,9,10 GOD12 1,2,4,10 CBG02xS-XGOLDCBG02xS- SIL04 1,3,7,10,12 SIL01 1,3,12 SIL08 1,2,3,9,12 CBG02xS-XSILVERCBG02xS- WHI02 1,3,5,8,9,12 WHI07 1,3,5,6,12 WHI03 1,3,5,6,12CBG02xS-XWHITE CBG02xS- PUR01 1,6,8,10 PUR03 1,2,3,6,12 CBG02xS-XPURPLECBG02xS- RED02 1,3,4,5,12 RED01 1,3,4,5,12 CBG02xS-XRED CBG02xS- YEL031,2,3,8,9,10,12 YEL04 1,2,4,5 YEL05 1,2,4,5,8,9,10 CBG02xS-XYELLOWCBG02xS- ORA02 1,4,7,8,12 ORA03 1,4,7,8,9,10 CBG02xS-XORANGE CBG02xS-BLK03 1,2,3,6,10,12 CBG02xS-XBLACK CBG02xS- FSC01 1,2,4,9,10 FSC021,2,4,9,10 CBG02xS-XFUSCIA CBG02xS- GRA01 1,2,4,7,8,10 GRA031,2,3,7,8,9,12 CBG02xS-XGRAY CBG02xS- BRO01 1,4,5,6,12 BRO041,2,5,6,10,12 CBG02xS-XBRONZE CBG02xS- GRE01 1,2,3,4,6,8,9,12 GRE021,2,3,7,8,9,10 GRE30 1,2,4,5,9,10 CBG02xS-XGREEN CBG02xS- BLU081,2,4,6,8,10 BLU05 1,2,3,4,6,9,12 BLU06 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 CBG02xS-XBLUECBG02xS- JAD07 1,2,4,5,8,9,10 JAD21 1,2,4,5,8,9,10 JAD04 1,2,3,9,12CBG02xS-XJADE CBG02xS- CBD04 1,2,6 CBD05 1,2,3,6,8,12 CBG02xS-XCBD(Type2) CBG02xS- CBD24 1,2,3,6,8,12 CBD04xP-09 1,2,3,6,8,12 CBD05xP-011,2,3,6,8,12 CBG02xS-XCBD(Type 3) CBG02xS- CBD05 1,2,3,6,8,12CBG02xS-XCBG02xS- CBG02xS- CBG02xS- 1,2,4,5,8,9,11 CBG02xSXSELF

In these crosses, the CBG02 line was selected for its accumulation ofCBG cannabinoid. Table 50 also lists the some of the major traits (intrait codes) for which the other parental lines were chosen and theexpected phenotypes of the progeny. Table 51, lists each of the desiredtraits alongside the trait codes used to represent them.

TABLE 51 Non-limiting list of traits important for specialty cannabisbreeding programs Trait ID Description 1 Essential Oil Content (eitherterpene or overall content) - Selection based on overall oilcontent >1.5% and/or a singe terpene that accounts over half of totalterpene content and/or a determined range of terpene concentrationsdesigned specifically to treat ailment. 2 Cannabinoid Content (eitherrare cannabinoid or overall content)- Selection based on overall oilcontent >1.5% and/or a singe terpene that accounts over half of totalterpene content and/or a determined range of terpene concentrationsdesigned specifically to treat ailment. 3 Structure for ManualTrim/Market- Selections are based on the relative ratio by weight offinished flower: Whole plant. This usually is directly related to densetrichome morphology with very few sun leaves. 4 Structure for AutomatedTrimming - Selection based on flower morphology that is more kola withmany sun leaves protruding from large inflorescences. Overall flowersize is typically large, but trichomes are less densely packed andoverall inflorescence is less dense than what is traditionally selectedfor manual trim. 5 Structure for Extraction - Selection for this traitis conducted post harvest and post drying. Positive selection is basedon copious shedding of trichome heads and stalks. 6 Color - Selectionsare based on, but not limited to unique coloration of stem, leaf,inflorescence, calyx, stamen, trichome bodies and finished productsincluding extracts and hash. 7 Root Structure - Positive root selectionis marked by overall root vigor and adventitious root growth, ease oftransplant, rate of root development on clonal propagations, and rootshooting from tissue culture samples. Also resistance to soil andhydroponic pathogens including pythium. 8 Vigor - Selection for plantvigor are marked by tremendous growth rates and robust stem/stalkinfrastructure. Often times, selection display morphologies that arevery much enlarged compared to sibling progeny. 9 Fungal Resistance -Selections based on plant that exhibit immunity or partial immunity tofungal diseases and pathogens including but not limited to powderymildew, botrytis, downy mildew, etc. 10 High Yield Natural LightProduction Long Season - Selection based on yield performance for earlyripening varieties during long season. 11 High Yield Natural LightProduction Short Season - Selection based on yield performance of lateripening varieties during long season and/or yield of plants that ripenin winter months and at low light levels. 12 High Yield IndoorProduction - Selection based solely on plant yield performance inartificial lighting (HID).

Example 17. Chemical and Phenotypic Analysis CBG Specialty CannabisProgeny (Prophetic)

The new CBG specialty cannabis varieties that will be created throughcrosses described in Examples 5 and 16 will be subjected to cannabinoidand terpene chemical analysis as described in Example 1. The results ofthe chemical analyses are expected to show that the crosses described inExample 16 generated specialty cannabis that accumulate CBG and havehigher oil contents and “desirable” terpene profiles.

The new CBG specialty cannabis varieties will also be subjected tophenotypic analysis as described in Example 2 (indoor growth) andExample 8 (outdoor growth).

Initial selections will be conducted based on measured phenotypes aswell as the chemical analyses. Cuttings of desirable progeny will bepreserved for subsequent breeding as described in Example 5, 19 and 20.

Example 18. Volunteer Trials Using THC:CBG, CBD:CBG, or CBG OnlySpecialty Cannabis Effect of added CBG (Prophetic).

In order to demonstrate the added utility of the CBG specialty cannabisvarieties of the present invention, volunteer comparison trials willconducted. During these trials, volunteers will be provided withcannabis blends with varying terpene and cannabinoid profiles todetermine the effect of specialty cannabis with added CBG.

The volunteer trial for CBG will be conducted similarly to the trial ofExample 9. The trial will split volunteers into groups. Each volunteerin the group will be given two samples (a control and a comparatorblend). For this trial, the control comparator blends will be preparedto contain nearly identical levels of non-CBG cannabinoids and terpenes,but each week the comparator will have either 1.5% CBG, or 2.5% CBG,added in. Volunteer responses will be measured using the questionnaireof FIG. 2 .

CBG has been shown to be a CB1 antagonist (Cascio et al., “Evidence thatthe plant cannabinoid cannabigerol is a highly potentalpha(2)-adronoceptor agonist and moderately potent 5HT receptorantagonist” British J of Pharma. 159 (1): 129-141). The addition of CBGinto cannabis blends is thus expected to reduce the side effects of THC.

Example 19. Development of Additional Cannabinoid Producing SpecialtyCannabis (Prophetic).

In order to develop specialty cannabis with unique cannabinoid profiles,additional crosses among the parental varieties disclosed in Example 2-4will be conducted. These prophetic crosses are indicated below withexpected breeding charts describing specific crosses and the traits eachcross is expected to produce. Traits for each cross are represented bytrait codes which are described in Table 51 of Example 16.

Table 52 is a non-limiting list of expected crosses using parental linesof the present invention to generate new CBD producing specialtycannabis. Table 53 is a non-limiting list of expected crosses usingprogeny CBD lines previously developed in Examples 5 and 6. Each ofthese crosses will also be followed up by one or more back-crosses tofurther reinforce the transfer of desired traits.

TABLE 52 Additional example crosses to be conducted for CBD parentallines Acceptor Acceptor Acceptor P Donor Cultivar Trait Cultivar TraitCultivar Trait Seed Lot Qty (g) CBD24 GOD13 1,2,3,12 GOD02 1,2,3,9,10GOD12 1,2,4,10 CBD24XGOLD CBD24 SIL04 1,3,7,10,12 SIL01 1,3,12 SIL081,2,3,9,12 CBD24XSILVER CBD24 WHI02 1,3,5,8,9,12 WHI07 1,3,5,6,12 WHI031,3,5,6,12 CBD24XWHITE CBD24 PUR01 1,6,8,10 PUR03 1,2,3,6,12CBD24XPURPLE CBD24 YEL03 1,2,3,8,9,10,12 YEL04 1,2,4,5 YEL051,2,4,5,8,9,10 CBD24XYELLOW CBD24 ORA02 1,4,7,8,12 ORA03 1,4,7,8,9,10CBD24XORANGE CBD24 BLK03 1,2,3,6,10,12 CBD24XBLACK CBD24 FSC011,2,4,9,10 FSC02 1,2,4,9,10 CBD24XFUSCIA CBD24 GRA01 1,2,4,7,8,10 GRA031,2,3,7,8,9,12 CBD24XGRAY CBD24 GRE01 1,2,3,4,6,8,9,12 GRE021,2,3,7,8,9,10 GRE30 1,2,4,5,9,10 CBD24XGREEN CBD24 BLU08 1,2,4,6,8,10BLU05 1,2,3,4,6,9,12 BLU06 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 CBD24XBLUE CBD24 IAD071,2,4,5,8,9,10 JAD21 1,2,4,5,8,9,10 JAD04 1,2,3,9,12 CBD24XJADE CBD24CBD05 1,2,3,6,8,12 CBD04 1,2,6 CBD24XCBD(Type2) CBD24 SIL08xP-021,2,3,12 CBD24xSIL08xP-02 CBD24 CBD04xP-09 1,2,6,9,10,12 CBD05xP-011,2,3,8,9,10,12 CBD24 1,2,6,9,10,12 CBD24xCBD(Type3)

TABLE 53 Additional example crosses to be conducted with CBD progenylines of the present invention Acceptor Acceptor Acceptor P DonorCultivar Trait Cultivar Trait Cultivar Trait Seed Lot Qty (g) CBD04xP-09GOD13 1,2,3,12 GOD02 1,2,3,9,10 GOD12 1,2,4,10 CBD04xP-09XGOLDCBD04xP-09 SIL04 1,3,7,10,12 SIL01 1,3,12 SIL08 1,2,3,9,12CBD04xP-09XSILVER CBD04xP-09 WHI02 1,3,5,8,9,12 WHI07 1,3,5,6,12 WHI031,3,5,6,12 CBD04xP-09XWHITE CBD04xP-09 PUR01 1,6,8,10 PUR03 1,2,3,6,12CBD04xP-09XPURPLE CBD04xP-09 YEL03 1,2,3,8,9,10,12 YEL04 1,2,4,5 YEL051,2,4,5,8,9,10 CBD04xP-09XYELLOW CBD04xP-09 ORA02 1,4,7,8,12 ORA031,4,7,8,9,10 CBD04xP-09XORANGE CBD04xP-09 BLK03 1,2,3,6,10,12CBD04xP-09XBLACK CBD04xP-09 FSC01 1,2,4,9,10 FSC02 1,2,4,9,10CBD04xP-09XFUSCIA CBD04xP-09 GRA01 1,2,4,7,8,10 GRA03 1,2,3,7,8,9,12CBD04xP-09XGRAY CBD04xP-09 GRE01 1,2,3,4,6,8,9,12 GRE02 1,2,3,7,8,9,10GRE30 1,2,4,5,9,10 CBD04xP-09XGREEN CBD04xP-09 BLU08 1,2,4,6,8,10 BLU051,2,3,4,6,9,12 BLU06 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 CBD04xP-09XBLUE CBD04xP-09 IAD071,2,4,5,8,9,10 JAD21 1,2,4,5,8,9,10 JAD04 1,2,3,9,12 CBD04xP-09XJADECBD04xP-09 CBD05 1,2,3,6,8,12 CBD04 1,2,6 CBD04xP-09XCBD(Type2)CBD04xP-09 SIL08xP-02 1,2,3,12 CBD04xP-09xSIL08xP-02 CBD04xP-09CBD04xP-09 1,2,6,9,10,12 CBD05xP-01 1,2,3,8,9,10,12 CBD24 1,2,6,9,10,12CBD04xP-09xCBD(Type3) CBD05xP-01 GOD13 1,2,3,12 GOD02 1,2,3,9,10 GOD121,2,4,10 CBD05xP-01XGOLD CBD05xP-01 SIL04 1,3,7,10,12 SIL01 1,3,12 SIL081,2,3,9,12 CBD05xP-01XSILVER CBD05xP-01 WHI02 1,3,5,8,9,12 WHI071,3,5,6,12 WHI03 1,3,5,6,12 CBD05xP-01XWHITE CBD05xP-01 PUR01 1,6,8,10PUR03 1,2,3,6,12 CBD05xP-01XPURPLE CBD05xP-01 RED02 1,3,4,5,12 RED011,3,4,5,12 CBD05xP-01XRED CBD05xP-01 YEL03 1,2,3,8,9,10,12 YEL04 1,2,4,5YEL05 1,2,4,5,8,9,10 CBD05xP-01XYELLOW CBD05xP-01 ORA02 1,4,7,8,12 ORA031,4,7,8,9,10 CBD05xP-01XORANGE CBD05xP-01 BLK03 1,2,3,6,10,12CBD05xP-01XBLACK CBD05xP-01 FSC01 1,2,4,9,10 FSC02 1,2,4,9,10CBD05xP-01XFUSCIA CBD05xP-01 GRA01 1,2,4,7,8,10 GRA03 1,2,3,7,8,9,12CBD05xP-01XGRAY CBD05xP-01 BRO01 1,4,5,6,12 BRO04 1,2,5,6,10,12CBD05xP-01XBRONZE CBD05xP-01 GRE01 1,2,3,4,6,8,9,12 GRE02 1,2,3,7,8,9,10GRE30 1,2,4,5,9,10 CBD05xP-01XGREEN CBD05xP-01 BLU08 1,2,4,6,8,10 BLU051,2,3,4,6,9,12 BLU06 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 CBD05xP-01XBLUE CBD05xP-01 IAD071,2,4,5,8,9,10 JAD21 1,2,4,5,8,9,10 JAD04 1,2,3,9,12 CBD05xP-01XJADECBD05xP-01 CBD05 2,4,9,10 CBD04 1,2,6 CBD05xP-01XCBD03 CBD05xP-01CBD05xP-01 1,2,3,6,8,12 CBD05xP-01XSELF

Table 54 is a non-limiting list of expected crosses using parental linesof the present invention to generate new THCV producing specialtycannabis. Table 55 is a non-limiting list of expected crosses usingparental lines of the present invention to generate new CBDV producingspecialty cannabis. Table 56 is a non-limiting list of expected crossesusing parental lines of the present invention to generate new CBGproducing specialty cannabis. Table 57 is a non-limiting list ofexpected crosses using parental lines of the present invention togenerate new CBC producing specialty cannabis. Each of these crosseswill also be followed up by one or more back-crosses to furtherreinforce the transfer of desired traits.

TABLE 54 Additional example crosses to be conducted for THCV linesAcceptor Acceptor Acceptor P Donor Cultivar Trait Cultivar TraitCultivar Trait Seed Batch Code THV01xS- GOd13 1,2,3,12 GOD02 1,2,3,9,10GOD12 1,2,4,10 THV01xS-XGOLD THV01xS- SIL04 1,3,7,10,12 SIL01 1,3,12SIL08 1,2,3,9,12 THV01xS-XSILVER THV01xS- WHI02 1,3,5,8,9,12 WHI071,3,5,6,12 WHI03 1,3,5,6,12 THV01xS-XWHITE THV01xS- PUR01 1,6,8,10 PUR031,2,3,6,12 THV01xS-XPURPLE THV01xS- RED02 1,3,4,5,12 RED01 1,3,4,5,12THV01xS-XRED THV01xS- YEL03 1,2,3,8,9,10,12 YE0L4 1,2,4,5 YEL051,2,4,5,8,9,10 THV01xS-XYELLOW THV01xS- ORA02 1,4,7,8,12 ORA031,4,7,8,9,10 THV01xS-XORANGE THV01xS- BLK03 1,2,3,6,10,12 THV01xS-XBLACKTHV01xS- FSC01 1,2,4,9,10 FSC02 1,2,4,9,10 THV01xS-XFUSCIA THV01xS-GRA01 1,2,4,7,8,10 GRA03 1,2,3,7,8,9,12 THV01xS-XGRAY THV01xS- BRO011,4,5,6,12 BRO04 1,2,5,6,10,12 THV01xS-XBRONZE THV01xS- GRE011,2,3,4,6,8,9,12 GRE02 1,2,3,7,8,9,10 GRE30 1,2,4,5,9,10 THV01xS-XGREENTHV01xS- BLU08 1,2,4,6,8,10 BLU05 1,2,3,4,6,9,12 BLU061,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 THV01xS-XBLUE THV01xS- JAD7 1,2,4,5,8,9,10 JAd211,2,4,5,8,9,10 JAD04 1,2,3,9,12 THV01xS-XJADE THV01xS- CBD04 1,2,6 CBD051,2,3,6,8,12 1,2,3,6,8,12 THV01xS-XCBD(Type 2) THV01xS- CBD241,2,3,6,8,12 CBD04xP-09 1,2,3,6,8,12 CBD05xP-01 THV01xS-XCBD(Type 3)THV01xS- CBD05 1,2,3,6,8,12 THV01xS-XTHV01xS- THV01xS- THV01xS-1,2,4,5,8,9,11 THV01xS-XSELF THV01xS- CBDV1xS- 1,2,4,5,8,9,11CBDV1xS-XSHORT

TABLE 55 Additional example crosses to be conducted for CBDV linesAcceptor Acceptor Acceptor P Donor Cultivar Trait Cultivar TraitCultivar Trait Seed Batch Code CBDV1xS- GOD13 1,2,3,12 GOD02 1,2,3,9,10GOD12 1,2,4,10 CBDV1xS-XGOLD CBDV1xS- SIL04 1,3,7,10,12 SIL01 1,3,12SIL08 1,2,3,9,12 CBDV1xS-XSILVER CBDV1xS- WHI02 1,3,5,8,9,12 WHI071,3,5,6,12 WHI03 1,3,5,6,12 CBDV1xS-XWHITE CBDV1xS- PUR01 1,6,8,10 PUR031,2,3,6,12 CBDV1xS-XPURPLE CBDV1xS- RED02 1,3,4,5,12 RED01 1,3,4,5,12CBDV1xS-XRED CBDV1xS- YEL03 1,2,3,8,9,10,12 YEL04 1,2,4,5 YEL051,2,4,5,8,9,10 CBDV1xS-XYELLOW CBDV1xS- ORA02 1,4,7,8,12 ORA031,4,7,8,9,10 CBDV1xS-XORANGE CBDV1xS- BLK03 1,2,3,6,10,12 CBDV1xS-XBLACKCBDV1xS- FSC01 1,2,4,9,10 FSC02 1,2,4,9,10 CBDVlxS-XFUSCIA CBDV1xS-GRA01 1,2,4,7,8,10 GRA03 1,2,3,7,8,9,12 CBDV1xS-XGRAY CBDV1xS- BRO011,4,5,6,12 BRO04 1,2,5,6,10,12 CBDV1xS-XBRONZE CBDV1xS- GRE011,2,3,4,6,8,9,12 GRE02 1,2,3,7,8,9,10 GRE30 1,2,4,5,9,10 CBDV1xS-XGREENCBDV1xS- BLU08 1,2,4,6,8,10 BLU05 1,2,3,4,6,9,12 BLU061,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 CBDV1xS-XBLUE CBDV1xS- JAD07 1,2,4,5,8,9,10 JAD211,2,4,5,8,9,10 JAD04 1,2,3,9,12 CBDV1xS-XJADE CBDV1xS- CBD04 1,2,6 CBD051,2,3,6,8,12 CBDV1xS-XCBD(Type 2) CBDV1xS- CBD24 1,2,3,6,8,12 CBD04xP-091,2,3,6,8,12 CBD05xP-01 1,2,3,6,8,12 CBDV1xS-XCBD(Type 3) CBDV1xS- CBD051,2,3,6,8,12 CBDV1xS-XCBDV1xS- CBDV1xS- CBDV1xS- 1,2,4,5,8,9,11CBDV1xS-XSELF

TABLE 56 Additional example crosses to be conducted for CBG linesAcceptor Acceptor Acceptor P Donor Cultivar Trait Cultivar TraitCultivar Trait Seed Batch Code CBG1xS- GOD13 1,2,3,12 GOD02 1,2,3,9,10GOD12 1,2,4,10 CBG1xS-XGOLD CBG1xS- SIL04 1,3,7,10,12 SIL01 1,3,12 SIL081,2,3,9,12 CBG1xS-XSILVER CBG1xS- WHI02 1,3,5,8,9,12 WHI07 1,3,5,6,12WHI03 1,3,5,6,12 CBG1xS-XWHITE CBG1xS- PUR01 1,6,8,10 PUR03 1,2,3,6,12CBG1xS-XPURPLE CBG1xS- RED02 1,3,4,5,12 RED01 1,3,4,5,12 CBG1xS-XREDCBG1xS- YEL03 1,2,3,8,9,10,12 YEL04 1,2,4,5 YEL05 1,2,4,5,8,9,10CBG1xS-XYELLOW CBG1xS- ORA02 1,4,7,8,12 ORA03 1,4,7,8,9,10CBG1xS-XORANGE CBG1xS- BLK03 1,2,3,6,10,12 CBG1xS-XBLACK CBG1xS- FSC011,2,4,9,10 FSC02 1,2,4,9,10 CBG1xS-XFUSCIA CBG1xS- GRA01 1,2,4,7,8,10GRA03 1,2,3,7,8,9,12 CBG1xS-XGRAY CBG1xS- BRO01 1,4,5,6,12 BRO041,2,5,6,10,12 CBG1xS-XBRONZE CBG1xS- GRE01 1,2,3,4,6,8,9,12 GRE021,2,3,7,8,9,10 GRE30 1,2,4,5,9,10 CBG1xS-XGREEN CBG1xS- BLU081,2,4,6,8,10 BLU05 1,2,3,4,6,9,12 BLU06 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 CBG1xS-XBLUECBG1xS- JAD07 1,2,4,5,8,9,10 JAD21 1,2,4,5,8,9,10 JAD04 1,2,3,9,12CBG1xS-XJADE CBG1xS- CBD04 1,2,6 CBD05 1,2,3,6,8,12 CBG1xS-XCBD(Type 2)CBG1xS- CBD24 1,2,3,6,8,12 CBD04xP-09 1,2,3,6,8,12 CBD05xP-011,2,3,6,8,12 CBG1xS-XCBD(Type 3) CBG1xS- CBD05 1,2,3,6,8,12CBG1xS-XCBG1xS- CBG1xS- CBG1xS- 1,2,4,5,8,9,11 CBG1xSXSELF

TABLE 57 Additional example crosses to be conducted for CBC linesAcceptor Acceptor Acceptor P Donor Cultivar Trait Cultivar TraitCultivar Trait Seed Batch Code CBC1xS- GOD13 1,2,3,12 GOD02 1,2,3,9,10GOD12 1,2,4,10 CBC1xS-XGOLD CBC1xS- SIL04 1,3,7,10,12 SIL01 1,3,12 SIL081,2,3,9,12 CBC1xS-XSILVER CBC1xS- WHI02 1,3,5,8,9,12 WHI07 1,3,5,6,12WHI03 1,3,5,6,12 CBC1xS-XWHITE CBC1xS- PUR01 1,6,8,10 PUR03 1,2,3,6,12CBC1xS-XPURPLE CBC1xS- RED02 1,3,4,5,12 RED01 1,3,4,5,12 CBC1xS-XREDCBC1xS- YEL03 1,2,3,8,9,10,12 YEL04 1,2,4,5 YEL05 1,2,4,5,8,9,10CBC1xS-XYELLOW CBC1xS- ORA02 1,4,7,8,12 ORA03 1,4,7,8,9,10CBC1xS-XORANGE CBC1xS- BLK03 1,2,3,6,10,12 CBC1xS-XBLACK CBC1xS- FSC011,2,4,9,10 FSC02 1,2,4,9,10 CBC1xS-XFUSCIA CBC1xS- GRA01 1,2,4,7,8,10GRA03 1,2,3,7,8,9,12 CBC1xS-XGRAY CBC1xS- BRO01 1,4,5,6,12 BRO041,2,5,6,10,12 CBC1xS-XBRONZE CBC1xS- GRE01 1,2,3,4,6,8,9,12 GRE021,2,3,7,8,9,10 GRE30 1,2,4,5,9,10 CBC1xS-XGREEN CBC1xS- BLU081,2,4,6,8,10 BLU05 1,2,3,4,6,9,12 BLU06 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 CBC1xS-XBLUECBC1xS- JAD07 1,2,4,5,8,9,10 JAD21 1,2,4,5,8,9,10 JAD04 1,2,3,9,12CBC1xS-XJADE CBC1xS- CBD04 1,2,6 CBD05 1,2,3,6,8,12 CBC1xS-XCBD(Type 2)CBC1xS- CBD24 1,2,3,6,8,12 CBD04xP-09 1,2,3,6,8,12 CBD05xP-011,2,3,6,8,12 CBC1xS-XCBD(Type 3) CBC1xS- CBD05 1,2,3,6,8,12CBC1xS-XCBC1xS- CBC1xS- CBC1xS- 1,2,4,5,8,9,11 CBC1xS-XSELF

The progeny of each cross described herein will be analyzed as describedin Examples 1 and 2. Progeny with desirable cannabinoid and/or terpeneprofiles as well as desirable morphologies will be used for productionof specialty cannabis.

Example 20. Development of Additional Terpene Profile ProducingSpecialty Cannabis (Prophetic)

In order to develop specialty cannabis with unique cannabinoid andterpene profiles, additional crosses among the parental varietiesdisclosed in Example 2-4 and the progeny varieties disclosed will beconducted. These prophetic crosses are indicated below with expectedbreeding charts describing specific crosses and the traits each cross isexpected to produce. Traits for each cross are represented by traitcodes which are described in Table 51 of Example 16.

Table 58 through 64 are non-limiting lists of prophetic crosses usingparental and progeny lines of the present invention to generate newspecialty cannabis varieties with terpene profiles dominated by selectedterpenes. Each of these crosses will also be followed up by one or moreback-crosses to further reinforce the transfer of desired traits.

TABLE 58 Additional example crosses to be conducted for ocimene richterpene profiles Acceptor Acceptor Acceptor P Donor Cultivar TraitCultivar Trait Cultivar Trait Seed Lot Qty (g) YEL3xP-23 YEL031,2,3,8,9,10,12 YEL04 1,2,4,5 YEL05 1,2,4,5,8,9,10 YEL3xP-23XYELLOWYEL3xP-23 GOD13 1,2,3,12 GOD02 1,2,3,9,10 GOD12 1,2,4,10 YEL3xP-23XGOLDYEL3xP-23 GRE01 1,2,3,4,6,8,9,12 YEL3xP-23XPURPLE YEL3xP-23 BLK031,2,3,6,10,12 YEL3xP-23XBLK YEL3xP-23 CBD05 1,2,3,6,8,12 CBD04 1,2,6YEL3xP-23XCBDType2 YEL3xP-23 CBD04xP-09 1,2,6,9,10,12 CBD05xP-011,2,3,8,9,10,12 YEL3xP-23XCBDType3 YEL3xP-23 WHI04xP-02 1,2,4,9,10YEL3xP-23XHighLImonene YEL3xP-23 YEL3xP-23 1,2,4,9,10 YEL3xP-23xSELF

TABLE 59 Additional example crosses to be conducted for terpinolene richterpene profiles Acceptor Acceptor Acceptor P Donor Cultivar TraitCultivar Trait Cultivar Trait Seed Lot Qty (g) YEL3xP-26 YEL031,2,3,8,9,10,12 YEL04 1,2,4,5 YEL05 1,2,4,5,8,9,10 YEL3xP-26XYELLOWYEL3xP-26 GOD13 1,2,3,12 GOD02 1,2,3,9,10 GOD12 1,2,4,10 YEL3xP-26XGOLDYEL3xP-26 GRE01 1,2,3,4,6,8,9,12 YEL3xP-26XPURPLE YEL3xP-26 BLK031,2,3,6,10,12 YEL3xP-26XBLK YEL3xP-26 CBD05 1,2,3,6,8,12 CBD04 1,2,6YEL3xP-26XCBDType2 YEL3xP-26 CBD04xP-09 1,2,6,9,10,12 CBD05xP-011,2,3,8,9,10,12 YEL3xP-26XCBDType3 YEL3xP-26 WHI04xP-02 1,2,4,9,10YEL3xP-26XHighLImonene YEL3xP-26 YEL3xP-26 1,2,4,9,10 YEL3xP-26xSELF

TABLE 60 Additional example crosses to be conducted for Caryophyllenerich terpene profiles Acceptor Acceptor Acceptor P Donor Cultivar TraitCultivar Trait Cultivar Trait Seed Lot Qty (g) SIL08xP-01 YEL031,2,3,8,9,10,12 YEL04 1,2,4,5 YEL05 1,2,4,5,8,9,10 SIL08xP-01XYELLOWSIL08xP-01 GOD13 1,2,3,12 GOD02 1,2,3,9,10 GOD12 1,2,4,10SIL08xP-01XGOLD SIL08xP-01 GRE01 1,2,3,4,6,8,9,12 SIL08xP-01XPURPLESIL08xP-01 WHI07 1,3,5,6,12 SIL08xP-01XWHITE SIL08xP-01 SIL041,3,7,10,12 SIL01 1,3,12 SIL08 1,2,3,9,12 SIL08xP-01XSILVER SIL08xP-01BLK03 1,2,3,6,10,12 SIL08xP-01XBLK SIL08xP-01 CBD05 1,2,3,6,8,12 CBD041,2,6 SIL08xP-01XCBDType2 SIL08xP-01 CBD04xP-09 1,2,6,9,10,12 CBD05xP-011,2,3,8,9,10,12 SIL08xP-01XCBDType3 SIL08xP-01 WHI04xP-02 1,2,4,9,10SIL08xP-01XHighLImonene SIL08xP-01 SIL08xP-01 1,2,4,9,10 SIL08xP-01xSELFSIL08xP-08 SIL08xP-08 1,2,4,9,10 SIL08xP-08xSELF

TABLE 61 Additional example crosses to be conducted for limonene richterpene profiles Acceptor Acceptor Acceptor P Donor Cultivar TraitCultivar Trait Cultivar Trait Seed Lot Qty (g) SIL08xP-37 YEL031,2,3,8,9,10,12 YEL04 1,2,4,5 YEL05 1,2,4,5,8,9,10 SIL08xP-37XYELLOWSIL08xP-37 GOD13 1,2,3,12 GOD02 1,2,3,9,10 GOD12 1,2,4,10SIL08xP-37XGOLD SIL08xP-37 GRE01 1,2,3,4,6,8,9,12 SIL08xP-37XPURPLESIL08xP-37 WHI07 1,3,5,6,12 SIL08xP-37XWHITE SIL08xP-37 SIL041,3,7,10,12 SIL01 1,3,12 SIL08 1,2,3,9,12 SIL08xP-37XSILVER SIL08xP-37BLK03 1,2,3,6,10,12 SIL08xP-37XBLK SIL08xP-37 CBD05 1,2,3,6,8,12 CBD041,2,6 SIL08xP-37XCBDType2 SIL08xP-37 CBD04xP-09 1,2,6,9,10,12 CBD05xP-011,2,3,8,9,10,12 SIL08xP-37XCBDType3 SIL08xP-37 WHI04xP-02 1,2,4,9,10SIL08xP-37XHighLImonene SIL08xP-37 SIL08xP-37 1,2,4,9,10 SIL08xP-37xSELFWHI07xP-08 WHI07xP-08 1,2,4,9,10 WHI07xP-08xSELF

TABLE 62 Additional example crosses to be conducted for humulene richterpene profiles Acceptor Acceptor Acceptor P Donor Cultivar TraitCultivar Trait Cultivar Trait Seed Lot Qty (g) SIL08xP-03 YEL031,2,3,8,9,10,12 YEL04 1,2,4,5 YEL05 1,2,4,5,8,9,10 SIL08xP-03XYELLOWSIL08xP-03 GOD13 1,2,3,12 GOD02 1,2,3,9,10 GOD12 1,2,4,10SIL08xP-03XGOLD SIL08xP-03 GRE01 1,2,3,4,6,8,9,12 SIL08xP-03XPURPLESIL08xP-03 WHI07 1,3,5,6,12 SIL08xP-03XWHITE SIL08xP-03 SIL041,3,7,10,12 SIL01 1,3,12 SIL08 1,2,3,9,12 SIL08xP-03XSILVER SIL08xP-03BLK03 1,2,3,6,10,12 SIL08xP-03XBLK SIL08xP-03 CBD05 1,2,3,6,8,12 CBD041,2,6 SIL08xP-03XCBDType2 SIL08xP-03 CBD04xP-09 1,2,6,9,10,12 CBD05xP-011,2,3,8,9,10,12 SIL08xP-03XCBDType3 SIL08xP-03 WHI04xP-02 1,2,4,9,10SIL08xP-03XHighLImonene SIL08xP-03 SIL08xP-03 1,2,4,9,10 SIL08xP-03xSELFSIL08xP-27 SIL08xP-27 1,2,4,9,10 SIL08xP-27xSELF

TABLE 63 Additional example crosses to be conducted for linalool richterpene profiles Acceptor Acceptor Acceptor P Donor Cultivar TraitCultivar Trait Cultivar Trait Seed Lot Qty (g) WHI04xP-02 GOD13 1,2,3,12GOD02 1,2,3,9,10 GOD12 1,2,4,10 CBD24XGOLD WHI04xP-02 SIL04 1,3,7,10,12SIL01 1,3,12 SIL08 1,2,3,9,12 CBD24XSILVER WHI04xP-02 WHI02 1,3,5,8,9,12WHI07 1,3,5,6,12 WHI03 1,3,5,6,12 CBD24XWHITE WHI04xP-02 PUR01 1,6,8,10PUR03 1,2,3,6,12 CBD24XPURPLE WHI04xP-02 YEL03 1,2,3,8,9,10,12 YEL041,2,4,5 YEL05 1,2,4,5,8,9,10 CBD24XYELLOW WHI04xP-02 ORA02 1,4,7,8,12ORA03 1,4,7,8,9,10 CBD24XORANGE WHI04xP-02 BLK03 1,2,3,6,10,12CBD24XBLACK WHI04xP-02 FSC01 1,2,4,9,10 FSC02 1,2,4,9,10 CBD24XFUSCIAWHI04xP-02 GRA01 1,2,4,7,8,10 GRA03 1,2,3,7,8,9,12 CBD24XGRAY WHI04xP-02GRE01 1,2,3,4,6,8,9,12 GRE02 1,2,3,7,8,9,10 GRE30 1,2,4,5,9,10CBD24XGREEN WHI04xP-02 BLU08 1,2,4,6,8,10 BLU05 1,2,3,4,6,9,12 BLU061,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 CBD24XBLUE WHI04xP-02 JAD07 1,2,4,5,8,9,10 JAD211,2,4,5,8,9,10 JAD04 1,2,3,9,12 CBD24XJADE WHI04xP-02 CBD05 1,2,3,6,8,12CBD04 1,2,6 CBD24XCBD(Type2) WHI04xP-02 WHI04xP-02 1,2,3,12CBD24xSIL08xP-02 WHI04xP-02 CBD04xP-09 1,2,6,9,10,12 CBD05xP-011,2,3,8,9,10,12 CBD24 1,2,6,9,10,12 CBD24xCBD(Type3)

TABLE 64 Additional example crosses to be conducted for pinene richterpene profiles Acceptor Acceptor Acceptor P Donor Cultivar TraitCultivar Trait Cultivar Trait Seed Batch Code Qty (g) CBD05 GOD131,2,3,12 GOD02 1,2,3,9,10 GOD12 1,2,4,10 CBD05XGOLD 52.1 CBD05 SIL041,3,7,10,12 SIL01 1,3,12 SIL08 1,2,3,9,12 CBD05XSILVER 102.2 CBD05 WHI021,3,5,8,9,12 WH0I7 1,3,5,6,12 WHI03 1,3,5,6,12 CBD05XWHITE 15.1 CBD05PUR01 1,6,8,10 PUR03 1,2,3,6,12 CBD05XPURPLE 10.4 CBD05 RED02 1,3,4,5,12RED01 1,3,4,5,12 CBD05XRED 59 CBD05 YEL03 1,2,3,8,9,10,12 YEL04 1,2,4,5YEL05 1,2,4,5,8,9,10 CBD05XYELLOW 130.1 CBD05 ORA02 1,4,7,8,12 ORA031,4,7,8,9,10 CBD05XORANGE 66.6 CBD05 BLK03 1,2,3,6,10,12 CBD05XBLACK12.1 CBD05 FSC01 1,2,4,9,10 FSC02 1,2,4,9,10 CBD05XFUSCIA 88.9 CBD05GRA01 1,2,4,7,8,10 GRA03 1,2,3,7,8,9,12 CBD05XGRAY 37.2 CBD05 BRO011,4,5,6,12 BRO04 1,2,5,6,10,12 CBD05XBRONZE 6.1 CBD05 GRE011,2,3,4,6,8,9,12 GRE02 1,2,3,7,8,9,10 GRE30 1,2,4,5,9,10 CBD05XGREEN56.6 CBD05 BLU08 1,2,4,6,8,10 BLU05 1,2,3,4,6,9,12 BLU061,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 CBD05XBLUE 190.7 CBD05 JAD07 1,2,4,5,8,9,10 JA211,2,4,5,8,9,10 JAD04 1,2,3,9,12 CBD05XJADE 87.8 CBD05 CBD021,2,4,5,7,8,9,12 CBD05XCBD02 5.4 CBD05 CBD03 2,4,9,10 CBD05XCBD03 2.2CBD05 CBD04 1,2,6 CBD05XCBD04 2.1 CBD05 CBD05 1,2,3,6,8,12 CBD05XSELF10.1

The progeny of each cross described herein will be analyzed as describedin Examples 1 and 2. Progeny with desirable cannabinoid and/or terpeneprofiles as well as desirable morphologies will be used for productionof specialty cannabis.

Example 21. Tracking of Cannabis Plants During Production, Processingand Use

Specialty cannabis must be easily distinguished from each other as wellas from traditional recreational cannabis and hemp, allowing it to betracked from seed to plant to processing to sale (“seed to sale”tracking). This can be accomplished by tagging the seeds or cutting,harvested material, and marketed product in a variety of different ways.According to the present invention it is possible to provideinstantaneously the use of forensic-style audit capabilities to indoorhorticulture. For example, the compositions and methods of the presentinvention can be used to track specialty cannabis plants, plant parts,ground plant material, compressed plant material, extracts, etc. Thus,according to the present invention, one can track the chemotype for anindividual plant or group of plants from seed to flower and beyond.

First, the seeds and plants may be implanted with a tracking device,such as via radio-frequency identification (RFID) using an RFID tag orchip, a telemetric thread, a microchip, or a magnetic tag, which willallow real-time identification of the seed, plant, harvest, or finalproduct.

In one non-limiting example, the seeds and plants are implanted with avery small active RFID tag or chip which will emit a unique address foreach seed and/or plant to a reader. RFID is a wireless data collectiontechnology that uses electronic tags for storing substantial amounts ofdata that can be used for tracking individual items. There are two basictypes of RFID tags: passive and active. “Passive” tags have no powersource but use the electromagnetic waves from a reader (e.g., thereceiver) up to approximately 15 feet away to transmit back theircontents. “Active” tags use a battery to transmit up to about 1,500feet. The RFID tags are read when they are within the proximity oftwo-way radio transmitter-receivers, or readers, which send a signal tothe tag and read its response. The handheld devices can easily be usedto track the RFID tags integrated into the cannabis seeds, plants,and/or product.

Alternatively, the specialty cannabis plants can be tagged byrecombinantly engineering them to express a phenotypic trait unique tothe strain. For example, a strain can be stably transformed to expressbio-markers, generally proteins, that directly, or on contact withsuitable substrates, yield a characteristic color, optical density,light emission, or fluorescence. Fluorescent bio-markers can includegreen fluorescent protein, red fluorescent protein, yellow fluorescentprotein, blue fluorescent protein, or variants thereof that, whenexpressed, will emit a color under a particular wavelength. Otherexamples of color tagging include the bioengineering of cannabis withenzymes for the production of anthocyanins or other colored biosyntheticnon-active colored chemicals. Detection devices for fluorescentbio-markers can have one or more excitation light sources for emittinglight of a wavelength or a range of wavelengths suitable for inducingthe fluorescence. In a non-limiting example, an expression cassettecomprising green fluorescent protein is stably transformed into theplant cells using standard laboratory techniques. This protein will beexpressed by the seed and/or plant, and when excited by a particularwavelength produced by a simple device, such as a hand-held light, canbe easily identified by the red color.

Example 22. Horticultural Practice (Consistency)

All cannabis germplasm and cuttings of cannabis germplasm areestablished in identical environmental conditions (~80′C, 80% Humidity,CO2 variable, 3000k lighting). Once roots are established, plants aretransplanted into 1 gallon pots using a proprietary soil mix #1 heavilyladed with beneficial microbes, nematodes and predator mites. Our soilsystem is crucial to establish consistent growth patterns and secondarymetabolite production.

Plants are grown under 18 hours of light with 50% Metal Halide & 50%High Pressure Sodium Light bulbs generating the spectrum. Theenvironmental conditions, distance from light, pots and soil are allproprietary.

Once roots are bound, or plants are approximately 12″-18″, they aretransplanted into 3 gallon pots with proprietary soil mix #2. Again,microbial content of soil and beneficials are a crucial contributor tothe consistent production of specialty cannabis.

Plants are induced into flowering by undergoing a period of 72 hours ofdarkness which is followed by the light cycle of 12 hours of light and12 hours of dark (20% Metal Halide and 80% High Pressure Sodium). Plantsare trimmed, pruned and topped similar to fruit tree industry (i.e., ahealthy number of budding sites distributed evenly throughout thecanopy). The specific techniques employed are cultivar specific.

Environmental conditions, pots, distance from light, trellisingtechniques, carbon dioxide concentration and nutrient regimen are allproprietary.

Flowering period can last between fifty and ninety days. While plantscan exceed 5′ in height, canopies are ‘shaped’ in row crop tradition andkept at 18″- 24″.

Plants are culled if they are showing expressing stress genes and/or ifthey are showing any signs of variations. Ripeness is specificallydetermined by genetics.

Example 23. Feedback-Based Cultivation System

Some embodiments of the present invention are directed to systems,apparatuses, and methods for feedback-based cultivation of the herbalspecialty cannabis described herein.

FIG. 10 illustrates a system 100 for feedback-based cultivation of theherbal specialty cannabis described herein, according to someembodiments. The system 100 includes at least a computing apparatus 102,an environment management system 104, and a patient management system106. The various components of the system 100 can be in communication asindicated by lines in FIG. 10 via a network (wherein a dotted lineindicates an optional connection), which may be any type of network(e.g., a local area network or LAN, a wide area network or WAN, avirtual network, a telecommunications network, the internet and/or thelike) implemented as a wired network and/or a wireless network. Any orall communications may be secured (e.g., encrypted) or unsecured, as isknown in the art.

The environment management system 104 can be configured for productionof the specialty cannabis plants disclosed herein. In some embodiments,the environment management system 104 can be configured for managing acontrolled environment for production of the herbal specialty cannabisdisclosed herein. The controlled environment can include one or moresoftware and/or hardware components monitored and/or controlled by theenvironment management system 104 including, but not limited to, one ormore sensors, one or more controllers, one or more fertigation systems,and/or the like. For example, in some embodiments, the environmentmanagement system 104 can include controlled environment grow rooms,sensors, fertigation devices, and further computer networks andinterfaces for monitoring/control of these aspects. In this manner, thedisclosed embodiments are configurable to implement a smart grow room,where sensor technology and artificial intelligence-based softwarecombine to assist cultivators to monitor the dozens of parameters thatmust be optimized to grow the highest quality and healthiest plantsproducing consistent levels of secondary metabolites (as will bedescribed in more detail later). In some embodiments, the sensors caninclude soil sensors for taking soil measurements such as, but notlimited to, soil moisture, electrical conductivity (EC), available soilmoisture, potential gravity, temperature, and/or the like.

In some embodiments, where grow rooms are employed, multiple sensors perroom can be employed. For example, the total density or number ofsensors in each ‘cell’ (or room with five 4′×16′ rows, ~150 plants, 15plants per 4′×8′ table) can vary from 2-4 per room. The number ofsensors in a room can be dictated by the density of plants in eachtable. Two sensors are needed for each density, whether it is 15 or 21plants per table, one on a boundary plant and one on a middle plant.Additional pairs of sensors can be added for a specific cultivar if itis known to have substantially different water usage than surroundingplants in the cell.

In some embodiments, the sensors can include sensors for airparticulate/contamination measurements. In some embodiments, thesensor(s) includes a Thermo Scientific TEOM 1405 continuous particulatemonitor. In some embodiments, the air sensor(s) can includeenvironmental controllers having sensors associated therewith, such asthe Sentinel CHHC-4 that measures, in real time, temperature, relativehumidity, and carbon dioxide content. In such embodiments, thecontroller can also be employed for environmental control. For example,the CHHC-4′s ability to hold a set point within a certain range ofaccuracy can be exploited.

In some embodiments, water and/or fertigation parameters can be measuredby a variety of sensors, including pH, EC, flow rate, TDS, NPK, ppm ofcertain compounds, and/or others if desired. Some of these parameterscan be determined via direct measurements, while other, such as ppm ofsome compounds, can be determined via dilution calculations. In someembodiments, water and/or fertigation parameters can be controlled usingsystems such as, but not limited to, the Hanna Instruments computerizedfertigation system (Model HI 10000) that allows for mixing of fournutrient zones and one acid/buffer zone for pH control, and usesreliable and accurate Dosatron D8R venturi style injectors. The HI 10000can also be hooked to a reservoir style system or in-line flow mixing,where the preferred method is likely reservoir for compost teas andinline for fertigation.

In some embodiments, the environment management system 104 can beconfigured to track active ingredients from their concentrations on theplant in the field, through production and processing. In someembodiments, the environment management system 104 can be configured tomeasure the production of key secondary metabolites and/or monitor theirflux in concentration over time to better understand and control themechanisms underlying their biosynthesis. In this manner, aspects of theenvironment management system 104 overcome challenges associated withthe production of herbal specialty cannabis that have multiple activeingredients, where consistent production of these active ingredientstypically varies from crop to crop. Additional benefits are realizedwhen a highly monitored controlled cultivation environment can beutilized in conjunction with timely chemical fertilizers that triggerthe plants to produce these metabolites at the desired concentration. Asa result, harvesting at the optimal time can guarantee consistentcannabis. In some embodiments, the environment management system 104 canbe further configured to optimize for individual metabolites of interestwith troubleshooting mechanisms to identify issues before they impact aplant’s primary or secondary metabolite production.

In some embodiments, the environment management system 104 can bestructured in a multi tier manner and particularly in a three tiermanner, with the primary order being a central control center/database,second order being an on-site pc interface station, and third orderbeing an individual station such as a tablet interface. The dataprocessing and analysis can be carried out by the more powerful controlcenter computers, which can be equipped with the latest microcomputerneeded for bidirectional data transmission, allowing them to communicatewith the on-site PC stations and/or to the individual stations. Thebidirectional data transmission between different facets of the network,such as the individual stations and on-site PCs, can be accomplished inthe manner outlined in FIG. 11 , which illustrates an exemplary andnon-limiting embodiment of the environment management system 104:

As illustrated in FIG. 11 , environmental sensors (“actuator”) senseenvironmental parameters and take in raw data (“data”) from theirrespective system and location therein. This data is then location andtime stamped and sent to the on-site PC station (“on-site PC”).

The raw sensor data can then be received at the on-site PC. Decisionmaking data analysis may be done on the on-site PC, and/or at thecentral control center (“central PC”), and/or other network computers aswell. The data received at the central PC is sent to the control center,and changes to the data can be made by the on-site PC in conjunctionwith the applicable system hardware.

In some embodiments, a wireless system of sensor-to-PC communication canbe used. In some embodiments, as best illustrated in FIG. 12 , awireless mesh network of sensors can be employed that feedback to acentralized pc system.

The wireless system can contain at least three main components;intelligent sensors/actuators, wireless mesh network of routers andgateways with intelligent routing algorithms, and control and actuation.

In some embodiments, functionality and/or data associated with theenvironment management system 104 can include, but is not limited to,one or more of the following: number of plants put into veg (date,variety); assign lot and plant number; track development - ability toascertain Inventory of plants at any given time; assign date offlowering (date flowering initiated, variety, lot #, plant #, location);track feeding schedule during flowering (date, six nutrient fields);track environmental conditions (linked to various sensors in the room:soil moisture, temperature, humidity, CO2 level, and Light intensity);cultivator notes field (Date, Note field for cultivator to make notes onspecified date, e.g., ‘lights were mistakenly left on form 0200 until2300’); cannabinoid/terpenoid testing log (results, testing date, pointin flowering); harvest (date, B&T weight); processing (trim date,weights); bulk packaging; transit; acquisition from MPC - lot #,variety, production reimbursement, total weight, form; receipt (entity,name, date); safety screening results (pass/fail) - molds, pesticides,aflatoxins, microbial; weighing; assembly (units); allocationinformation (amount, avg. allocation, reimbursement); and popularityindices (rank, velocity, potency/reimbursement - via cross-referenceswith “Patient” data). Table 65 illustrates exemplary and non-limitingembodiments of the cultivation-related information that can becollected.

Referring again to FIG. 10 , the patient management system 106 can beconfigured to acquire patient data in any suitable manner. In someembodiments, the patient management system 106 can be configured torecord patient data within the context of a method as illustrated inFIG. 2 .

FIG. 2 used in Example 9 illustrates exemplary and non-limitingembodiments of the patient-related information that can be collected,including prescribing physician information.

In some embodiments, functionality and/or data associated with thepatient management system 106 can include, but is not limited to, one ormore of the following: standardized and compliance messaging to visitors(clients, elected officials, healthcare providers and media) by usingrecorded images/messages transmitted electronically via tablet (this caninclude all agreements and consents); collect biographical, contact,health history, and prior non-cannabis treatments electronically(currently collected on handwritten forms); set up patient recordautomatically; immediately upon completion of registration process,prior to first transaction; assign patient ID automatically andassociate that ID with all future activities related to the patient;swipe driver’s license upon subsequent visits - swipe can bring uppatient’s record and enable dispensary staffer to immediately see“attached” scans of physician recommendation, photo ID as well asrecommendation expiration date; recommendation date can be color codedto quickly draw attention if out-of-date or if within X days of beingout of date so that dispensary staffer can inform patient on the spotthat either the recommendation is no longer valid or that it will beinvalid in X days/weeks/months and that s/he should take steps to renewit; information regarding allocations to specific patient can becaptured (date, variety, amount, $, lot) and accessible by staff bydoing a patient “name” query; feedback regarding prior allocations canbe captured (noted effects) and ratings of medicines; follow up,correspondence to physicians can be prepared automatically by pullingdata from allocation database fields; the ability to query database byage, gender, strain, lot #, feedback (feedback itself and/or condition),etc, and cross reference with production fields below; and the abilityto predict/recommend medicine based upon prior ratings/preferencescross-referenced with strain chemistries.

System access can be a concern in such multiuser environments.Accordingly, embodiments directed to system access will be describedwith respect to the system 100, and unless explicitly stated otherwise,are understood to be directed to aspects of operation of the environmentmanagement system 104 (also referred to as the production side), and/orthe patient management system 106 (also referred to as the patientside), and/or the computing apparatus 102. In some embodiments, systemaccess (production side and patient side) can include four components ofhierarchy; master administrator, regional manager, on-site manager, andcultivator (production side)/counselor (patient side). Communicationstructure can be cloned from one tier to the next, e.g. from cultivatorsto master administrators. In some embodiments, the communicationstructure can include alerts, decision tree confirmations, and/or otherclearance restrictions—most restrictive at the cultivator level andleast at the master control level. This ‘overlapping’ of communicationin each sector can bring continuity between the chain of command so thatmajor decisions are always cleared on multiple levels. Integrating withthe on-site PC and individual PC can condition operation patients to useopen communication that they know is backed by system-checkedaccountability.

The on-site PCs and the individual PCs can have a private communicationsystem therebetween, such as encrypted IM and/or some form ofclosed/private network. In some embodiments, emails are encrypted forpatients that can send notifications to users’ email of choice when anew email arrives in their encrypted box.

PC Computer Terminal Interface Master Administrator Platform

In some embodiments, the master administrator platform (e.g. the centralPC) can be characterized in the following exemplary and non-limitingmanner: access to all real-time databases, archived data sets/analysisresults, patient information, cameras, etc. No access restrictions,access can be heavily encrypted and access codes can be very limited innumber, only to key company patients for example. Access to certainaspects of the master platform can be partitioned off for limited accessto other manager(s) if needed. For example, lab managers can have accessto analysis data, certain production managers have access to someproduction data, etc.

Regional Manager Platform

In some embodiments, the regional manager platform allows for controlover a number of sites, and over selected parameters that can bedelegated by the master administrator platform. For example, the personresponsible for formulating fertigation solutions in the lab can haveregional access over the fertigation/soil water parameters, but not full‘master’ access to all sites. This access can be restricted further tobe allowed from on-site network computers.

Site Manager Platform

In some embodiments, the site manager platform (e.g. the on-site PC)provides an access point for data compilation/entry, Excel, Word, systemspecific software, and/or the like. System access/control will encompasscontrol over master ‘filtered’ parameters such as fertigation timeseries/allocation and/or the like. Any independent changes made by thesite manager either via their individual PC interface would be sent backto the necessary upper management in the form of an email, IM, and/orother chosen alert method. In some embodiments, a two method minimum,and preferably three alert methods are preferred for adequate redundancyand accountability.

In some embodiments, no cultivator/counselor access is permitted toon-site PCs or otherwise, and cultivator interaction can take placethrough the individual PC only. Counselor access will take place througha separate individual PC intended to provide product information toinform counselors and, through the counselors, consumers.

Individual PC Platform

The individual PC will serve different needs for different levels ofmanagement and operators, but the main purpose can be for use as acompany specific interface and communication tool. At all levels userscan populate, manage, and track their tasks, as well as enter data andnotes. In some embodiments, all users can also send and receive messagesto other users within their realm. At higher levels, users can trackdata trends, view real time data, and analyze various data components indifferent graph formats and analysis methods of their choosing. Thisanalysis will tap data on the master database for all sites, allowingregional manager and master administrators to track multiple site datafrom one device.

The level of interaction at each level can happen via applications insome embodiments, some shared by all users and others only for thosewith special permissions. A majority of these applications can bespecific need-based adaptations of preexisting native apps (i.e.:notepad) or proprietary apps.

Master Access platform: Data input for all areas of production and/orpatient side. In some embodiments, the master access platform allowsviewing of each site(s) critical data ‘at a glance’. The ‘at-a-glance’data can be changed in both content and form. For example, one patientmay want to compile yield data for all sites that are displayed in amonthly time series linear graphs over a prior year, with a year-to-dateproduction trend graph for comparison (underlined portions representchangeable variables in the at-a-glance screen). Any analysis done byalgorithms could also be accessible at the individual PC level, but notnecessarily as in depth as is available at the on-site PC level. In someembodiments, the master access platform includes the ability to makechanges/overrides that update to selected individual PCs (i.e. a masteraccess change to nighttime temperature schedule for a certain cell wouldsend notifications of the change, if desired, and create a permanentchange). In some embodiments, the master access parameter set points,and other system parameter elements that are outside of the regionalmanager/site manger security clearance will require an encryptedpassword to change. If needed, this would allow master administrators togrant lower management access to certain elements on per case basis.

In some embodiments, the master access platform includes the ability toaccess patient records, surveys, survey group data, blood sample data,and all other aspects of the patient side of the system. At-a-glace homescreen for patient data will have the ability to show output ofalgorithmic data mining. A patient system example would be when apatient’s makes their first visit and submits their information into thepatient database, that information is cross-referenced with an array ofother patient ‘data points’ (such as ailment, age, gender, surveyresponses, chemovar preference, etc.). Based on the results of one or afew simple data mining algorithms, tailored recommendations can be madeand generated on the counselor’s individual PC in real time (e.g. arecommendation engine can be implemented).

In some embodiments, the master administrator platform can include theability to set the recommendation parameters for the algorithm’sdecision process, but whatever chemovar recommendation parameters arechosen, in some embodiments, they can remain constant for all newpatients. In this manner, a consistent reliable database can be builtover time, which will increase the ‘accuracy’ of the system. Thisability for the system to ‘learn’ using AI (artificial intelligence)software programming, likely with evolutionary algorithms, will requirea certain amount of time of patient response data to be entered beforethe programs(s) can discern which decision pattern yields the favorableresult a statistically significant amount of times. The eventual resultof this system component at the patient/counselor interaction level canbe an accountable and consistent decision tree process that is tied into all levels of management, removing counselor recommendation variancefrom one to the other and possible misinformation. Although this examplepertains to chemovar recommendation, it is understood that it can alsobe applied to other patient/counselor interactions such as patient/POA(point of allocation) and others.

Regional Manager Platform: The individual PC regional manager platformcan allow RMs to have at-a-glance data viewing/comparison capabilitiessimilar in function to that of the master administrator, but restrictedin content to that which is job/project related or delegated otherwise.Data input/analysis and system monitoring can be the main use of theindividual PC for RMs. Selective control over certain ‘master delegated’system parameters could be altered by RMs via the individual PCs similarto the way it would be on the on-site PC, but via a comparatively‘deconstructed/refined’ tablet interface.

Site Manager Platform: Can allow for site overview and management ofmultiple cultivators or cultivation teams.

Cultivator/Counselor platform: Can allows for cultivator notes to beentered into the system, and the system can digitally ‘tag’ the noteswith date, time, batch number, plant number, etc. in the system to bereferenced at a later point if needed. Cultivators will need to havefields in the notation application that will be filled out with theappropriate information to create a track record for the entry tag.

Having described system access, referring again to FIG. 10 , embodimentsdirected to software tools will be described with respect to the system100, and unless explicitly stated otherwise, are understood to bedirected to aspects of operation of the environment management system104 (also referred to as the production side), and/or the patientmanagement system 106 (also referred to as the patient side), and/or thecomputing apparatus 102.

Decision Tree Analysis Help Tool - Designed with thecultivator/counselor in mind, this application can serve both as acommunication pathway between managers and cultivators/counselors aswell as a help tool for them as well. A troubleshooting function is inthe form of a series of searchable common issues that arise either indaily procedure or possibly on rare occasions. If such an issue arisesthat someone doesn’t know the correct flow of action for a particulartask, they can reference this application to see a decision tree/flowchart on how it should be done according to management.

This application can become a communication tool when the managers,whether transitory regional or permanent on-site, choose to uploaddecision trees into the system. For example, if a regional manager comesthrough and makes changes to operating procedure or wants to reiterateprocedure, they can quickly create a simple decision tree chart(possibly pre-formatted entry fields) while on-site and upload thatsystem onto the network. Once uploaded, it is available for others toview when needed, and managers could even make it into a checklistformat in which operators must check off steps in the process untilproficient.

Data Entry Portal - The data entry portal can be the data entryapplication for the individual PC that will have different ‘forms’ fordifferent operator positions. For example, patient-based entry fields(i.e.: POA data, patient feedback data, etc.) for counselors andplant-based entry fields (i.e.: plant number, lot number, packagenumber, etc.) for cultivators.

Data Analysis Tool - The data analysis tool can allow managers andtechnicians the ability to alter their at-a-glance home screens and runother analysis on their data in the field. The range of this analysiscan be limited in comparison to the pc interface. The results of such aninformatics system can be directed and displayed in many ways, to bechosen by the user.

Genetics - Terpene Profiles - System is designed to analyze,characterize and codify the subtleties in terpene differences across alarge number of separate genetic groups (as per the color coded system),different populations within those groups, and time series analysistracking where applicable (i.e.: terpene ratio and/or quantity variationduring final weeks of flower development). Individuals will be groupedinto different color groups based initially on some qualitativecharacteristics such as ‘nose’ (piney, fruity, etc.), and laterquantitatively. Quantitative analysis will allow for each individual tobe profiled into the database.

Chemotype Profiles - These can have the same framework as the terpeneprogram, but can include cannabinoids and other secondary metabolites ofinterest.

Bioinformatics - The use of evolutionary algorithms to run computermodels of mass breeding programs that can allow for increased efficiencyin parent material selection as well as accurately estimating requiredpopulation sizes for field trials.

Algorithms for Data, Systems and decision Making - Numerous algorithmscan be used at any point either singularly, simultaneously or inconjunction to produce new data, maintain system functionality and/oroptimization, compilation and execution of fuzzy control programs,analyzing and/or processing data, making system updates and‘intelligent’ decision/changes, and monitoring system components/sensorsto name a few. Some of the algorithms used to address dynamic data setsand problems can include, but are not limited to; least squaresalgorithms, direct and/or indirect control evolutionary algorithms,pattern recognition algorithms, data fusion and/or data clusteringalgorithms.

Referring to FIG. 10 again, the computing apparatus 102 (also referredto as the “central computer”, the “central PC”, etc. See FIGS. 11, 12 )can handle the acquisition, processing, and analysis of data fromdifferent components of the system 100, including the environmentmanagement system 104 and the patient management system 106. In someembodiments, the computing apparatus 102 can be configured to track bothcrop and patient trials of chemotypes of potential interest. Forexample, the computing apparatus 102 can be configured to track theproduction of metabolites of interest in a crop, while also beingconfigured to track the metabolism of those eventual plant-producedmetabolites as they are metabolized by consumers. Thus, activeingredients can be tracked from their concentrations on the plant in thefield, through production and processing, to the eventual concentrationsas metabolites in the blood of patients, post consumption. In thismanner, aspects of operation of the computing apparatus 102 can definethe complete chemical relationship between plant and human. In someembodiments, this defined chemical relationship can be used to createmaps, multi-dimensional scatter plot to examine and/or analyze patternswithin a host of metabolic variables throughout the incredibly complexsystem.

In some embodiments, once data is received at the computing apparatus102 any number of actions can be taken, based on a user’s needs andbased on a user’s associated system access parameters as discussed above(i.e. a user of the computing apparatus 102, of the environmentmanagement system 104, and/or of the patient management system 106). Insome embodiments, the computing apparatus 102 can be configured toimplement one or more algorithms to analyze various types and forms ofinformation including, but not limited to; genetic data, breeding data,tissue culture data, field trial data, all computer system-related data,greenhouse data, indoor grow data, environmental sensor-sourced data,environmental data from other sources, all patient-related/sourced data,allocation/reimbursement data, and all other types/forms of proprietarysourced data.

The resulting information can then be transmitted back to the user thatrequested it in the form of their choosing via bidirectional datatransmission. This transmission, either wireless or wired in signal, canbe routed through the network (not shown), and/or can be encrypted. Theuser can then choose to make changes or updates to thecontrollable/accessible aspects of the system 100, if applicable. Forany alterations to system parameters or any other significant systemaspect, a feedback system can exist for alerts, timestamps, updates tocurrent/future computational processes, referenced data sets, and othersignals.

In this manner, patient feedback data can fuel the production ofspecialty cannabis. For example, the patient feedback data can be usedto optimize pharmacologically active plant oil content through a host ofbreeding and cultivation techniques. In some embodiments, the computingapparatus 104 can be configured to monitor market trends and identifiesproducts’ appeal, efficacy, and sell-through as the products’ chemotypeevolves over time refined by consumer feedback and research studies. Insome embodiments, the feedstock that is used to create these productscan be selected in response to real-time feedback collected by thissystem from consumers. The coupling of chemotype development andselection with consumer feedback can enable the identification of markettrends of selected chemotypes at the earliest possible stage in productdeployment. For example, principal component analysis can be used toidentify synergies between groups of pharmacologically activeconstituents that are gaining traction with consumers for theirmedicinal effectiveness, their aesthetic appeal or combination of both.

TABLE 65 Exemplary growth data for storage in growth system ExemplaryLot Table(s) Exemplary Collective Table lot identifier (relates toCollective Table and Patient Table) collective lot arrival date/time lotlocation identifier collective lot identifier (relates to Lot Table) lotplant identifier (relates to Plant Table) collective break lot up intounits date lot date began veg collective units inventory lot date beganflowering patient unit allocation date lot feeding date(s) patient unitallocation identifier lot feeding date(s) nutrients (six fields) patientunit allocation reimbursement lot environmental condition(s) (dates)(soil moisture, temperature, humidity, CO2, light intensity) Seed toPlasma Constituent Analysis lot cultivator notes lotcannabinoid/terpenoid testing (results, testing date, point inflowering) lot safety screening results (pass/fail) lot harvest date lotharvest date weight lot trim date lot trim date weight lot bulkpackaging date lot bulk packaging date weight lot transit departuredate/time

Example 24. Multiplexed Cannabis Mixtures

Some embodiments of the present invention are directed to the productionof multiplexed cannabis mixtures (MCM). In some embodiments the MCMcomprises at least one cannabis plant base and one or more stockfortifier(s) to create custom medical cannabis mixtures for thetreatment of a particular disease or disorder. In some embodiments, saidcannabis base comprises one of the cannabis varieties of the presentinvention or any other cannabis variety known in the art. In someembodiments, the variety chosen as the cannabis base is selected for itscannabinoid profile. In other embodiments, the cannabis base is selectedfor its terpene profile creating a desirable aroma/organoleptic feel ordesired entourage effect.

In addition to the cannabis base, the MCM includes one or more stockfortifiers. In some embodiments the stock fortifiers enhance the MCM bysupplementing the cannabis base with THC, CBD, CBG or other cannabinoids(for example the addition of CBD fortifiers to supplement a high THCcannabis base). In some embodiments, the stock fortifiers enhance theMCM by supplementing the cannabis base with terpenes such as limonene,pinene, myrcene, linalool, beta-caryophyllene, phytol, terpinolene,terpene, ocimene, caryophyllene oxide, alpha-humulene, or combinationsthereof.

In one embodiment, the fortifying stock comprises plant material thatcan be blended into the cannabis base. Cannabinoid fortifying stocks caninclude one or more of the cannabis varieties of the present inventionor any other cannabis known in the art. In some embodiments, the varietychosen as the cannabis stock fortifier is selected based on itscannabinoid profile. In other embodiments, the cannabis fortifier isselected based on its flavor profile. In some embodiments the cannabisfortifier is selected based on its ability to reduce side effects due toTHC.

In one embodiment, the fortifying stock comprises herbs such as basil,oregano, rosemary, sage, or other herbs with desired terpene profiles.In one embodiment, the fortifying stock is selected based on its flavorprofile (for example, to provide the patient with a mixture tailored totheir flavor, aroma, and organoleptic preferences for their medicinal orrecreational use). In other embodiments, the fortifying stock isselected based on its ability to treat a disease (for example theaddition of pinene-containing rosemary for its anti-inflammatoryproperties). In other embodiments, the fortifying stock is selectedbased on its entourage effects with cannabis (British Journal ofPharmacology 163.7 (2011): 1344-1364).

In some embodiments, the cannabis stock fortifiers are in the form ofextracts such as cannabis sludges or essential oils (EO). Any meanscommonly used in the art to isolate particular cannabis agents may beused may be used to prepare the fortifier stocks. For example, stockcannabinoid fortifiers with high THC (I), CBD (II), and/or CBG (IV)contents, can be produced by removing the extract from phenotype I, II,or IV plants that are high in THC, CBD, and/or CBG. The terpenes aredistilled from the extract by supercritical extraction to provide acrude sludge, which is then winterized to remove waxes.

To prepare the high terpene EO fortifiers, plants are produced that havethe desired concentrations of terpenes: these include, but are notlimited to, terpinolene, alpha phelladrene, beta ocimene, carene,limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene,fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene,linalool, cary oxide, myrcene, and/or phytol. The high terpene extractis removed from the plants, and is then steam distilled to provide stockterpene fortifiers with high limonene, pinene, myrcene, Linalool,caryophyllene, and/or phytol. Since these compounds may extract togetherit might be necessary to fractionally distill the crude to furtherenrich for the desired compound.

For small scale extraction of terpenes, a 500 mL round bottom flask ischarged with 50-100 g of ground cannabis flowers or other terpeneproducing plant and approximately 300 mL of water. The flask is fittedwith a claisen adapter, a distillation head, a water cooled condenser, a250 mL receiver, a thermometer, and a separatory funnel. Heat is applieduntil a constant rate of distillation (one drop every 2-5 seconds) isachieved. As the water in the flask is depleted more is added via theseparatory funnel. Continue this process until approximately 150 mL ofcloudy condensate is obtained. The condensate is transferred to aseparatory funnel and extracted twice with 30 mL of diethyl ether. Theether extracts are dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated with verygentle warming on a rotovap or under a gentle flow of nitrogen. Thecondensate is stored in the dark at -20 C. The neat steam distillate ismisted onto the MCM to fortify the terpene content.

In some embodiments the cannabis base to which the high cannabinoid orterpene fortified stock is added is prepared from any and all of thevarious strains described herein, or others known in the art, bysupercritical extraction. This provides the foundation cannabinoid ratiowhich retains the subjective qualities of the strain since all thecannabinoids, terpenes, and waxes are still present.

Although cannabis can be used to treat several symptoms, it is not a onesize fits all cure. Diseases may treated more effectively if thecannabis medicines used to treat the symptoms are tailored to eachdisease with specific cannabinoid and terpene compositions. It has beensuggested for example that various THC: CBD ratios would be mosteffective at treating a variety of diseases (Table 68, and U.S. Pat.Application Serial No. 11/628,814). In addition, the present inventionhas discovered the effect of several terpenes on volunteer mood,anxiety, emotional comfort, etc (Examples 9, 10, 11, and 14). In someembodiments, the tailored medicine is provided through breeding ofspecialty cannabis of the present invention. In other embodiments, thespecialty cannabis of the present invention are used in MCMs to furtherenhance the cannabinoid and terpene profiles. In some embodiments, theMCMs are produced using other known cannabis varieties. In someembodiments, the MCMs are tailored to a desired medicinal orrecreational effect.

The concentrations of the various active agents present in themultiplexed cannabis medicine will vary depending on what has beendetermined to be the optimal dosing for any particular disease ordisorder being treated. Depending on the condition being treated and thesubjective qualities desired (such as aroma, flavor and organolepticfeel), the base is then fortified with high cannabinoid and/or terpenestock to give the final preparation according to the following flowchartin FIG. 13 . A non-exhaustive list of examples of MCMs to treat variousdiseases are outlined in Table 66. In some embodiments, MCM’s are amacroscopic method of dosage control through the manipulation of ratiosof agonist-antagonist blends that exploit the relationship of eachcannabinoid to the cannabinoid receptors of the human body. In someembodiments the MCMs further tailor the effects of the cannabis blendsthrough the use of each terpene’s unique individual, and entourageeffects.

TABLE 66 Example Multiplexed Cannabis Mixtures DISEASE CB BASE CBFORTIFIER TERPENE FORTIFIER Brachial Plexus Avulsion THC variety CBDVvariety myrcene and eucalyptol Arthritis THC variety CBD varietylinalool Motion Sickness THC variety CBD variety limonene Seizures THCVvariety CBDV variety pinene Neuropathic pain THC variety - myrcene andlinalool Weight Loss THCV variety CBDV variety cineol Depression CBG andCBC varieties THC variety linalool Irritable Bowel Syndrome CBDvarieties THC variety limonene Cancer Pain THC variety CBD varietymyrcene and eucalyptol Low HDL Cholesterol THCV variety CBD varietymyrcene

Example 25. Blended Bubble Pack Doses

It is important that the specialty cannabis and MCMs of the presentinvention be stable and possesses a long shelf-life when prepared fordistribution to users for medicinal and recreational uses. This isachieved through proper drying and curing of the processed specialtycannabis product. In one embodiment, the shelf-life of the specialtycannabis, MCMs, or cannabis extracts of the present invention can beincreased by proper airtight packaging such as in a bubble pack or ablister pack. One embodiment of the blister pack is diagramed in FIG. 14. In some embodiments, the blister packs of the present invention can beused with any cannabis product.

The longevity (i.e., shelf-life) of the packaged cannabis can be furtherextended by Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP), a technique used forprolonging the shelf-life of fresh or minimally processed foods. In thispreservation technique, the air surrounding the product in the packageis removed by vacuum or modified to contain different levels ofnitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.

The specialty cannabis products of the present invention, including theblended cannabis compositions described herein, can be packaged in abubble pack in either multi- or single-dose units to increase productlongevity. Each single-dose unit packaged in the bubble pack willcomprise the optimum cannabinoid and terpene dose identified by theinstant invention. In one embodiment, the compositions of the inventionare packaged as single-dose units to ensure the patient receives acorrect, standardized dose and to protect the product integrity.

Example 26. Use of the Invention as Expectorant

When vaporized and inhaled, the specialty cannabis varieties of thepresent invention are an effective expectorant. Use of CBs containingspecialty cannabis varieties described herein can be used, for example,in the treatment of congestion and upper respiratory diseases.

One mechanism through which specialty cannabis may act as an expectorantis through the activity of terpin hydrate, a precursor to terpineolwhich has been identified in several cannabis strains (See, Ross andElSohly, (1996). J. Nat. Prod. 59:49-51 and Fischedick et al., (2010)Phytochemistry 71:2058-2073). The presence of terpineol, instead ofterpin hydrate, in the samples after the cannabis is dried and heatedmay be due to a dehydration reaction of terpin hydrate to terpineolunder thermal conditions. This chemical process may not occur if thecannabis is exposed to the lower heat of a vaporizer.

Inhalation of the vapors produced by high CBs containing specialtycannabis exposed to a lower heat can act as an effective expectorant andcan be useful in the treatment of congestion. Terpin hydrate wascommonly used in the treatment of acute and chronic bronchitis, but itwas removed from the market by the FDA, which cited a lack of efficacy(See, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Volume 5, Apr. 1, 2009).However, the formulations studied were oral formulations comprisingterpin hydrate, not vaporized, inhaled terpin hydrate which may provemore effective.

Example 27. Pelletization of Specialty Cannabis for Bowls, Pipes, orVaporizers

Specialty cannabis of the present invention will be used to createpre-pressed bowls of blended and pelletized cannabis. In someembodiments the MCMs of Example 24 may also be pelleted. Novel designand pellet density were used to optimize dosage for vapor and combustedcannabinoid delivery. The purpose of this invention is to maximize theexposed surface area of the pelletized material to maximize contact withheated air to achieve optimal vaporization. In one embodiment, the shapeof the cannabis pellet is a very thin ‘coin’ shape.

In another embodiment, the shape of the cannabis pellet of the presentinvention is a “truncated cone” (FIG. 15 ). In some embodiments, thedimensions of the cannabis pellet shape can vary for use with varioussmoking methods. In some embodiments the “truncated cone” pellet has asmaller base diameter “t” of .5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 3.5 mm,4 mm, 4.5 mm, 5 mm, 5.5 mm, 6 mm, 6.5 mm, 7 mm, 7.5 mm, 8 mm, 8.5 mm, 9mm, 9.5 mm, 10 mm, 10.5 mm, 11 mm, 11.5 mm, 12 mm, 12.5 mm, 13 mm, 13.5mm, 14 mm, 14.5 mm, 15 mm, 15.5 mm, 16 mm, 16.5 mm, 17 mm, 17.5 mm, 18mm, 18.5 mm, 19 mm, 19.5 mm, 20 mm, 20.5 mm, 21 mm, 21.5 mm, 22 mm, 22.5mm, 23 mm, 23.5 mm, 24 mm, 24.5 mm, 25 mm, 25.5 mm, 26 mm, 26.5 mm, 27mm, 27.5 mm, 28 mm, 28.5 mm, 29 mm, 29.5 mm, 30 mm, 30.5 mm, 31 mm, 31.5mm, 32 mm, 32.5 mm, 33 mm, 33.5 mm, 34 mm, 34.5 mm, 35 mm, 35.5 mm, 36mm, 36.5 mm, 37 mm, 37.5 mm, 38 mm, 38.5 mm, 39 mm, 39.5 mm, 40 mm, 40.5mm, 41 mm, 41.5 mm, 42 mm, 42.5 mm, 43 mm, 43.5 mm, 44 mm, 44.5 mm, 45mm, 45.5 mm, 46 mm, 46.5 mm, 47 mm, 47.5 mm, 48 mm, 48.5 mm, 49 mm, 49.5or 50 millimeters.

In some embodiments the “truncated cone” pellet has a larger basediameter “b” of .5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 3.5 mm, 4 mm, 4.5 mm,5 mm, 5.5 mm, 6 mm, 6.5 mm, 7 mm, 7.5 mm, 8 mm, 8.5 mm, 9 mm, 9.5 mm, 10mm, 10.5 mm, 11 mm, 11.5 mm, 12 mm, 12.5 mm, 13 mm, 13.5 mm, 14 mm, 14.5mm, 15 mm, 15.5 mm, 16 mm, 16.5 mm, 17 mm, 17.5 mm, 18 mm, 18.5 mm, 19mm, 19.5 mm, 20 mm, 20.5 mm, 21 mm, 21.5 mm, 22 mm, 22.5 mm, 23 mm, 23.5mm, 24 mm, 24.5 mm, 25 mm, 25.5 mm, 26 mm, 26.5 mm, 27 mm, 27.5 mm, 28mm, 28.5 mm, 29 mm, 29.5 mm, 30 mm, 30.5 mm, 31 mm, 31.5 mm, 32 mm, 32.5mm, 33 mm, 33.5 mm, 34 mm, 34.5 mm, 35 mm, 35.5 mm, 36 mm, 36.5 mm, 37mm, 37.5 mm, 38 mm, 38.5 mm, 39 mm, 39.5 mm, 40 mm, 40.5 mm, 41 mm, 41.5mm, 42 mm, 42.5 mm, 43 mm, 43.5 mm, 44 mm, 44.5 mm, 45 mm, 45.5 mm, 46mm, 46.5 mm, 47 mm, 47.5 mm, 48 mm, 48.5 mm, 49 mm, 49.5 or 50millimeters.

In some embodiments the “truncated cone” pellet has a cone height “h” of0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, .9 mm, 1mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.7 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.9mm, 2.0 mm, 2.1 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.3 mm, 2.4 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.6 mm, 2.7 mm, 2.8mm, 2.9 mm, 3.0 mm, 3.1 mm, 3.2 mm, 3.3 mm, 3.4 mm, 3.5 mm, 3.6 mm, 3.7mm, 3.8 mm, 3.9 mm, 4.0 mm, 4.1 mm, 4.2 mm, 4.3 mm, 4.4 mm, 4.5 mm, 4.6mm, 4.7 mm, 4.8 mm, 4.9 mm, 5.0 mm, 5.1 mm, 5.2 mm, 5.3 mm, 5.4 mm, 5.5mm, 5.6 mm, 5.7 mm, 5.8 mm, 5.9 mm, 6.0 mm, 6.1 mm, 6.2 mm, 6.3 mm, 6.4mm, 6.5 mm, 6.6 mm, 6.7 mm, 6.8 mm, 6.9 mm, 7.0 mm, 7.1 mm, 7.2 mm, 7.3mm, 7.4 mm, 7.5 mm, 7.6 mm, 7.7 mm, 7.8 mm, 7.9 mm, 8.0 mm, 8.1 mm, 8.2mm, 8.3 mm, 8.4 mm, 8.5 mm, 8.6 mm, 8.7 mm, 8.8 mm, 8.9 mm, 9.0 mm, 9.5mm, 10 mm, 10.5 mm, 11 mm, 11.5 mm, 12 mm, 12.5 mm, 13 mm, 13.5 mm, 14mm, 14.5 mm, 15 mm, 15.5 mm, 16 mm, 16.5 mm, 17 mm, 17.5 mm, 18 mm, 18.5mm, 19 mm, 19.5 mm, 20 mm, 20.5 mm, 21 mm, 21.5 mm, 22 mm, 22.5 mm, 23mm, 23.5 mm, 24 mm, 24.5 mm, 25 mm, 25.5 mm, 26 mm, 26.5 mm, 27 mm, 27.5mm, 28 mm, 28.5 mm, 29 mm, 29.5 mm, 30 mm, 30.5 mm, 31 mm, 31.5 mm, 32mm, 32.5 mm, 33 mm, 33.5 mm, 34 mm, 34.5 mm, 35 mm, 35.5 mm, 36 mm, 36.5mm, 37 mm, 37.5 mm, 38 mm, 38.5 mm, 39 mm, 39.5 mm, 40 mm, 40.5 mm, 41mm, 41.5 mm, 42 mm, 42.5 mm, 43 mm, 43.5 mm, 44 mm, 44.5 mm, 45 mm, 45.5mm, 46 mm, 46.5 mm, 47 mm, 47.5 mm, 48 mm, 48.5 mm, 49 mm, 49.5 or 50millimeters.

In another embodiment, the shape of the cannabis pellet of the presentinvention is a “donut shape” (FIG. 16 ). In some embodiments, thedimensions of the cannabis pellet shape can vary for use with varioussmoking methods. In some embodiments the “donut shape” pellet has aouter donut diameter “od” of 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 3.5 mm,4 mm, 4.5 mm, 5 mm, 5.5 mm, 6 mm, 6.5 mm, 7 mm, 7.5 mm, 8 mm, 8.5 mm, 9mm, 9.5 mm, 10 mm, 10.5 mm, 11 mm, 11.5 mm, 12 mm, 12.5 mm, 13 mm, 13.5mm, 14 mm, 14.5 mm, 15 mm, 15.5 mm, 16 mm, 16.5 mm, 17 mm, 17.5 mm, 18mm, 18.5 mm, 19 mm, 19.5 mm, 20 mm, 20.5 mm, 21 mm, 21.5 mm, 22 mm, 22.5mm, 23 mm, 23.5 mm, 24 mm, 24.5 mm, 25 mm, 25.5 mm, 26 mm, 26.5 mm, 27mm, 27.5 mm, 28 mm, 28.5 mm, 29 mm, 29.5 mm, 30 mm, 30.5 mm, 31 mm, 31.5mm, 32 mm, 32.5 mm, 33 mm, 33.5 mm, 34 mm, 34.5 mm, 35 mm, 35.5 mm, 36mm, 36.5 mm, 37 mm, 37.5 mm, 38 mm, 38.5 mm, 39 mm, 39.5 mm, 40 mm, 40.5mm, 41 mm, 41.5 mm, 42 mm, 42.5 mm, 43 mm, 43.5 mm, 44 mm, 44.5 mm, 45mm, 45.5 mm, 46 mm, 46.5 mm, 47 mm, 47.5 mm, 48 mm, 48.5 mm, 49 mm, 49.5or 50 millimeters.

In some embodiments the “donut shape” pellet has a inner donut diameter“b” of 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 3.5 mm, 4 mm, 4.5 mm, 5 mm,5.5 mm, 6 mm, 6.5 mm, 7 mm, 7.5 mm, 8 mm, 8.5 mm, 9 mm, 9.5 mm, 10 mm,10.5 mm, 11 mm, 11.5 mm, 12 mm, 12.5 mm, 13 mm, 13.5 mm, 14 mm, 14.5 mm,15 mm, 15.5 mm, 16 mm, 16.5 mm, 17 mm, 17.5 mm, 18 mm, 18.5 mm, 19 mm,19.5 mm, 20 mm, 20.5 mm, 21 mm, 21.5 mm, 22 mm, 22.5 mm, 23 mm, 23.5 mm,24 mm, 24.5 mm, 25 mm, 25.5 mm, 26 mm, 26.5 mm, 27 mm, 27.5 mm, 28 mm,28.5 mm, 29 mm, 29.5 mm, 30 mm, 30.5 mm, 31 mm, 31.5 mm, 32 mm, 32.5 mm,33 mm, 33.5 mm, 34 mm, 34.5 mm, 35 mm, 35.5 mm, 36 mm, 36.5 mm, 37 mm,37.5 mm, 38 mm, 38.5 mm, 39 mm, 39.5 mm, 40 mm, 40.5 mm, 41 mm, 41.5 mm,42 mm, 42.5 mm, 43 mm, 43.5 mm, 44 mm, 44.5 mm, 45 mm, 45.5 mm, 46 mm,46.5 mm, 47 mm, 47.5 mm, 48 mm, 48.5 mm, 49 mm, 49.5 or 50 millimeters.

In some embodiments the “donut shape” pellet has a donut height “dh” of0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm,1 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.7 mm, 1.8 mm,1.9 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.1 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.3 mm, 2.4 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.6 mm, 2.7 mm,2.8 mm, 2.9 mm, 3.0 mm, 3.1 mm, 3.2 mm, 3.3 mm, 3.4 mm, 3.5 mm, 3.6 mm,3.7 mm, 3.8 mm, 3.9 mm, 4.0 mm, 4.1 mm, 4.2 mm, 4.3 mm, 4.4 mm, 4.5 mm,4.6 mm, 4.7 mm, 4.8 mm, 4.9 mm, 5.0 mm, 5.1 mm, 5.2 mm, 5.3 mm, 5.4 mm,5.5 mm, 5.6 mm, 5.7 mm, 5.8 mm, 5.9 mm, 6.0 mm, 6.1 mm, 6.2 mm, 6.3 mm,6.4 mm, 6.5 mm, 6.6 mm, 6.7 mm, 6.8 mm, 6.9 mm, 7.0 mm, 7.1 mm, 7.2 mm,7.3 mm, 7.4 mm, 7.5 mm, 7.6 mm, 7.7 mm, 7.8 mm, 7.9 mm, 8.0 mm, 8.1 mm,8.2 mm, 8.3 mm, 8.4 mm, 8.5 mm, 8.6 mm, 8.7 mm, 8.8 mm, 8.9 mm, 9.0 mm,9.5 mm, 10 mm, 10.5 mm, 11 mm, 11.5 mm, 12 mm, 12.5 mm, 13 mm, 13.5 mm,14 mm, 14.5 mm, 15 mm, 15.5 mm, 16 mm, 16.5 mm, 17 mm, 17.5 mm, 18 mm,18.5 mm, 19 mm, 19.5 mm, 20 mm, 20.5 mm, 21 mm, 21.5 mm, 22 mm, 22.5 mm,23 mm, 23.5 mm, 24 mm, 24.5 mm, 25 mm, 25.5 mm, 26 mm, 26.5 mm, 27 mm,27.5 mm, 28 mm, 28.5 mm, 29 mm, 29.5 mm, 30 mm, 30.5 mm, 31 mm, 31.5 mm,32 mm, 32.5 mm, 33 mm, 33.5 mm, 34 mm, 34.5 mm, 35 mm, 35.5 mm, 36 mm,36.5 mm, 37 mm, 37.5 mm, 38 mm, 38.5 mm, 39 mm, 39.5 mm, 40 mm, 40.5 mm,41 mm, 41.5 mm, 42 mm, 42.5 mm, 43 mm, 43.5 mm, 44 mm, 44.5 mm, 45 mm,45.5 mm, 46 mm, 46.5 mm, 47 mm, 47.5 mm, 48 mm, 48.5 mm, 49 mm, 49.5 or50 millimeters.

In some embodiments the cannabis pellets of the present invention aremade with dies to form the specialty cannabis, MCM, or extracts intoshapes (FIG. 17 ). In some embodiments the dies of the present inventionis a coining die or a blanking die. The dies of the present inventionmay be made from any material capable of withstanding the pressures offorming pellets such as steel, hard plastic, wood, or ceramic.

In some embodiments, the cannabis pellets of the present invention aremade with a die press. In some embodiments, the cannabis pellets of thepresent invention are made with commercially-available die presses suchas the Across EP40 Pellet press (sold by Across International). In someembodiments, the dies of the present invention are designed to work withthe pellet press. In other embodiments the pellet press already includesthe shaping tool for cannabis pellets.

Example 28. Cannabis Extracts/Products

The specialty cannabis and MCMs of the present invention can be used tocreate various extracts or cannabis products. Cannabis extracts orproducts include:

Kief- refers to trichomes collected from cannabis. The trichomes ofcannabis are the areas of cannabinoid and terpene accumulation. Kief canbe gathered from containers where cannabis flowers have been handled. Itcan be obtained from mechanical separation of the trichomes frominflorescence tissue through methods such as grinding flowers, orcollecting and sifting through dust after manicuring or handlingcannabis. Kief can be pressed into hashish for convenience or storage.

Hash- sometimes known as hashish, is often composed of preparations ofcannabis trichomes. Hash pressed from kief is often solid.

Bubble Hash- sometimes called bubble melt hash can take on paste-likeproperties with varying hardness and pliability. Bubble hash is usuallymade via water separation in which cannabis material is placed in a coldwater bath and stirred for a long time (around 1 hour). Once the mixturesettles it can be sifted to collect the hash.

Solvent reduced oils- also sometimes known as hash oil, honey oil, orfull melt hash among other names. This type of cannabis oil is made bysoaking plant material in a chemical solvent. After separating plantmaterial, the solvent can be boiled or evaporated off, leaving the oilbehind. Butane Hash Oil is produced by passing butane over cannabis andthen letting the butane evaporate. Budder or Wax is produced throughisopropyl extraction of cannabis. The resulting substance is a wax likegolden brown paste.

Tinctures- are alcoholic extracts of cannabis. These are usually made bymixing cannabis material with high proof ethanol and separating outplant material.

E-juice- are cannabis extracts dissolved in either propylene glycol,vegetable glycerin, or a combination of both. Some E-juice formulationswill also include polyethylene glycol and flavorings. E-juice tends tobe less viscous than solvent reduced oils and is commonly consumed one-cigarettes or pen vaporizers.

While these types of extracts have become a popular form of consumingcannabis, the extraction methods often lead to material with little orno terpene profile. That is, the harvest, storage, handling, andextraction methods produce an extract which is rich in cannabinoids, butoften devoid of terpenes.

The extraction methods of the present invention are designed to preserveboth the cannabinoids and the terpenes. In some embodiments, thespecialty cannabis of the present invention is extracted via methodswhich preserve the cannabinoid and terpenes. In other embodiments, saidmethods can be used with any cannabis plants. The extracts of thepresent invention are designed to produce products for human or animalconsumption via inhalation (via combustion, vaporization andnebulization), buccal absorption within the mouth, oral administration,and topical application delivery methods. The present invention teachesan optimized method at which we extract compounds of interest, byextracting at the point when the drying harvested plant has reached 15%water weight, which minimizes the loss of terpenes and plant volatilesof interest. Stems are typically still ‘cool’ and ‘rubbery’ fromevaporation taking place. This timeframe (or if frozen at this point inprocess) allow extractor to minimize terpene loss to evaporation. Thereis a direct correlation between cool/slow/dry and preservation ofessential oils. Thus, there is a direct correlation to EO loss inflowers that dry too fast, or too hot conditions or simply dry out toomuch (<10% H2O). The chemical extraction of our cultivars can beaccomplished employing polar and non-polar solvents in various phases atvarying pressures and temperatures to selectively or comprehensivelyextract terpenes, cannabinoids and other compounds of flavor, fragranceor pharmacological value for use individually or combination in theformulation of our products. The extractions can be shaped and formedinto single or multiple dose packages, e.g., dabs, pellets and loads.The solvents employed for selective extraction of our cultivars mayinclude water, carbon dioxide, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, butane,propane, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, hexane, and limonene, incombination or series. We can also extract compounds of interestmechanically by sieving the plant parts that produce those compounds.Measuring the plant part, i.e. trichome gland head, to be sieved viaoptical or electron microscopy can aid the selection of the optimalsieve pore size, ranging from 30 to 130 microns, to capture the plantpart of interest. The chemical and mechanical extraction methods of thepresent invention can be used to produce products that combine chemicalextractions with plant parts containing compounds of interest. Theextracts of the present invention may also be combined with purecompounds of interest to the extractions, e.g. cannabinoids or terpenesto further enhance or modify the resulting formulation’s fragrance,flavor or pharmacology. In some embodiments the extractions aresupplemented with terpenes or cannabinoids to adjust for any loss ofthose compounds during extraction processes. In some embodiments, thecannabis extracts of the present invention mimic the chemistry of thecannabis flower material. In some embodiments, the cannabis extracts ofthe present invention will about the same cannabinoid and terpeneprofile of the dried flowers of the specialty cannabis of the presentinvention.

Extracts of the present invention can be used for vaporization,production of e-juice or tincture for e-cigarettes, or for theproduction of other consumable products such as edibles or topicalspreads.

Example 29. Use of Specialty Cannabis in Edibles

Cannabis edibles such as candy, brownies, and other foods are a popularmethod of consuming cannabis for medicinal and recreational purposes. Insome embodiments, the specialty cannabis of the present invention isused to make cannabis edibles. Most cannabis edible recipes begin withthe extraction of cannabinoids and terpenes which are then used as aningredient in various edible recipes. In one embodiment, the cannabisextract used to make edibles out of the specialty cannabis of thepresent invention is cannabis butter. Cannabis butter is made by meltingbutter (not margarine) in a container with cannabis and letting itsimmer for about half an hour, or until the butter turns green. Thebutter is then chilled and used in normal recipes. Other extractionmethods for edibles include extraction into cooking oil, milk, cream,flour (grinding cannabis and blending with flour for baking). Lipid richextraction mediums/edibles are believed to facilitate absorption ofcannabinoids into the blood stream. THC absorbed by the body isconverted by the liver into 11-hydroxy-THC. This modification increasesthe ability of the THC molecule to bind to the CB1 receptor and alsofacilitates crossing of the brain blood barrier thereby increasing thepotency and duration of its effects. For additional information onvarious edibles that can be produced with the specialty cannabis of thepresent invention, please see (Sarah Conrique “The Vegan StonerCookbook: 100 easy Vegan Recipes to Much” ISBN 1607744643; “OfficialHigh Times Cannabis Cookbook” ASIN B00HB7YI8U; Bliss Cameron “MarijuanaCooking: Good Medicine Made Easy” ISBN 1931160325; Tim Pilcher “TheCannabis Cookbook: Over 35 Tasty Recipes for Meals, Munchies, and More”ISBN 0762430907)

Example 30. Dosing Regimens of Multiplexed Cannabis Medicines Volunteers

Regardless of the condition being treated, two separate groups ofvolunteers are evaluated: one composed of novice cannabis users and onecomposed of experienced cannabis users. It is helpful to know the pastcannabis use history of volunteers since tolerance can occur inexperienced users, who will therefore experience the therapeutic effectsof the multiplexed cannabis formulation differently than those with notolerance. However the rate and duration of tolerance varies with thedifferent effects; a particular individual may have developed toleranceto one cannabis agent but not to another. This may actually serve toincrease the therapeutic margin depending on the condition. Forinstance, tolerance to cognitive and psychomotor impairment, thepsychological high, tachycardia, and orthostatic hypertension, tends todevelop rather quickly and chronic users may not experience thesedetrimental side effects, while still benefitting from the analgesic orother therapeutic effects of cannabis. Conversely, the novice user whohas no tolerance, can be slowly subjected to dose escalation (e.g. over30 days or more) to build tolerance to these effects before giventherapeutic doses. Many times the dysphoria experienced by naive usersis enough to cause discontinuation of the treatment, and slow doseescalation which helps induce tolerance to the detrimental side effectsmay alleviate this.

The biodistribution and PK of the cannabis active agents administeredeither orally or through inhalation differ substantially. An acutecondition may respond better to an inhaled formulation while a chroniccondition may respond better to the prolonged plasma concentrationsresulting from oral administration. The higher levels of 11-OH-THC(and/or CBs) formed from first-pass metabolism after oral formulationadministration, which is more potent and has better blood brain barrierpenetration than the parent compound, has implications for neurologicalconditions. The dosing studies described herein evaluate the effects ofvarious doses of the multiplexed cannabis formulations when administeredeither orally or through inhalation.

Formulations

The amounts and types of bases, cannabinoid and terpene fortifiers aredesigned to have a synergistic effect on the conditions being treated.The multiplexed signaling resulting from the synergy of the componentsmay be more effective than any single component alone and are tailoredto achieve the desired effects. For instance, analgesia has been shownto be mediated by the CB₁, CB₂, TRPV-1, and α₂-AR receptors, whichsuggests a component mixture of THC (which acts on CB₁ and CB₂), TRPV-1(which acts on CBD), CBG (which acts on α₂-AR) and β-myrcene (which actson α₂-AR) will be therapeutic. Similarly if the cause of the pain isinflammation, which is mediated by TNF-α and PGE-1, then the synergisticeffects of a multiplexed medicine comprising CBD-rich extract, whichcounteracts TNF-α and α-pinene, which counteracts PGE-1, proves a moreeffective therapeutic than extracts not containing both of thesecompounds. The following Table 67 shows a few examples of the variousclinical indications that are treated with cannabis formulations, thecannabinoids and terpenoids that are effective therapeutics for eachclinical indication, and the pathways each cannabinoid influences.

TABLE 67 Non-exhaustive list of clinical indications that can be treatedwith cannabis Cannabinoid Terpene Pharmacological Action THC CBD CBG CBCCBN THCV Limonene a-pinene b-myrcene Linalool b-caryophyl. RelevantClinical Indication Neuroprotective ✓ ✓ Parkinson’s Down regulateglutamate Down regulate [Ca2+] Alzheimer’s Down regulate [Ca2+] Downregulate ROS MS anti-oxidant anti-oxidant Stroke Vasorelaxant ✓ ✓Glaucoma (+)PPARg (+)PPARg Appetite Stimulant ✓ Anorexia Down regulateleptin Cachexia (+)PPARg AIDS wasting Anti-proliferative ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓(-)TRPM8 up[Ca2+] (-)TRPM8 (-)TRPM 8 up-ROS (+)CB₂ (-)TRPM8 IntestinalAnti-prokinetic ✓ ✓ Diarrhea (-)Ca₁ Down regulate FAAH Immunosuppressive✓ ✓ Allergies Down regulate T-Cells Down regulate T-Cells MS Downregulate Cytokines RA Down regulate Interleukins IBS Anti-inflammatory ✓✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Pain Down regulate IFNg Down regulate TNFa (+)TRP A1 PGE1 PGE2PGE1 MS Down regulate Interleukins Down regulate ADO uptake Chron’s(+)PPARg Arthritis Sedative ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Sleep disorders Anti-epileptic ✓ ✓✓ ✓ ✓ Epilepsy Down regulate [Ca2+] Down regulate GABA uptake (-)CB₁anti-Glu (+)5HT_(1A) Down regulate GABA Down regulate ADO uptakeAnti-emetic ✓ ✓ CIE Anxiolytic ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Panic Disorder (+)5HT_(1A) Downregulate GABA uptake 5HT_(1A) Social Anxiety Disorder (+)CB₁ GeneralizedAnxiety Disorder PTSD Antidepressant ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Depression (-)5HT_(1A)Anti-psychotic (+)TRPV1 Anti-spasmodic ✓ ✓ ✓ MS Down regulate GABAuptake Spinal cord injury Cerebral palsy Analgesic ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ MS CB₁(+)TRPV1 (+)TRPV1 (+)TRP A1 (+)TRP V2 A_(2A) Post-operative pain CB₂(+)TRPA1 (+)TRPA1 Migraine (+)TRPA1 Down regulate GABA uptakeNeuropathic pain a2 blockade Sciatica Bronchodialator ✓ ✓ AsthmaSleep-related breathing disorders Muscle relaxant ✓ ✓ MS Down regulateGABA uptake

The fortifiers of the present invention are chosen to reinforce thetreatment for the given clinical condition and to posses an improvedtherapeutic margin, through synergy of the various pathways involved inthe disease or disorder. Table 67 is a brief, and by no means complete,summary of pharmacological effects of various representativecannabinoids and terpenoids along with the relevant therapeuticapplications. In cases where a mechanism has been proposed this has beenincluded in the table.

Another important aspect of this invention is in the combinatorial andsynergistic pharmacological effects of the cannabinoids and terpeneactive ingredients present in cannabis. For example, recreationalcannabis in the U.S. has been selected (through breeding) to contain ahigh content of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), ignoring or reducing othercannabinoid and terpenoid compounds regarded as inactive compounds.Although cannabidiol was regarded as an inactive compound in the past,there is now experimental evidence that it has potentially beneficialpharmacological activity different from that of THC. Effects of otherterpene compounds as analgesics or anti-microbial substances is alsoemerging (Russo, Ethan, Br J Pharmacol: 163(7) 1344-1364 (2011)). Thetherapeutic effects of cannabis cannot be satisfactorily explained justin terms of one or the other “active” constituent, but are instead aconsequence of the combination of active compounds.

Given the varied above-referenced individual and combinatorial effectsof THC and CBD cannabinoids on various diseases, Table 68 outlinespreferred ratios of THC:CBD concentrations for treatment of variousdiseases (see U.S. Pat. Application 11/628,814, and UK PatentApplication GB2377633)

TABLE 68 Preferred THC:CBD ratios for the treatment of various diseasesCATEGORY THC:CBS RATIO DISEASE High THC >95:5 Cancer pain; Migraine;Appetite stimulation. Even ratio 50:50 Multiple sclerosis; Spinal cordinjury; Peripheral neuropathy; Neurogenic pain. Broad ratio <25:75Rheumatoid arthritis; Inflammatory bowel disease. High CBD <5:95Psychotic disorders (schizophrenia); Epilepsy; Movement disorders;Stroke; Head injury; Disease modification in rheumatoid arthritis andother inflammatory conditions; Appetite suppression

Volunteer Sub-Groups and Controls

Large volunteer groups (75-100 volunteers) are studied to evaluate thesubjective effects of the cannabis formulations. For all studies,volunteer groups are chosen from several locations and are chosen fromvarious dispensaries and/or solicited, if drug-naive volunteers aredifficult to find. These volunteers are subdivided into experienced andnovice cannabis users, and then if the clinical indication warrants it,further subdivided into those receiving either the oral and inhaledformulations. Due to the extremely variable bioavailability, dosageregimens are tailored to the indication and the volunteer. All studiesare done with the appropriate medical and/or psychological supervisionand evaluation. There are several placebo groups, with the volunteersreceiving either complete placebos, a placebo containing no cannabinoidsand only terpenes, and placebos containing no terpenes and onlycannabinoids. This will serve to establish not only efficacy of thecannabinoids and/or terpenes, but also the synergy. The complete placebois generated from fats and waxes resulting from cannabinoid extractionand is spiked with terpenes fortifiers for exact and reproducible levelsof terpenes to make the placebo without cannabinoids, or it is spikedwith cannabinoid fortifiers to make exact and reproducible levels ofcannabinoids without the terpenes. Cannabis treatments for these studieswill include inhaled, oral buccal, or ingested cannabis. In someembodiments, the inhaled cannabis formulations are the specialtycannabis of the present invention. In other embodiments, the inhaledcannabis formulations are extracts derived from the specialty cannabisof the present invention. In other embodiments, the oral dose ofcannabis is prepared from extracts of the specialty cannabis of thepresent invention.

Proposed Clinical Indications

The studies first evaluate the predictable and reproducible plasmalevels of cannabis active agents both in a volunteer, and betweendifferent volunteers, who received the multiplexed medicines eitherorally or through inhalation. Once this is evaluated, the mitigation ofadverse effects is studied through dose escalation and/or examining theratios of active ingredients in the multiplexed cannabis formulation.Once this is established, the various clinical indications are examined.

Based on proposed pharmacological mechanisms of action, there are anumber of clinical indications that are evaluated for treatment withcannabis-based medicines. These include, but are not limited to,Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, MS, stroke, glaucoma, anorexia, cachexia (fromAIDS, cancer, Multiple Sclerosis, congestive heart failure), diarrhea,allergies, arthritis, irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn’s disease, sleepdisorders, epilepsy, chemotherapy induced emesis, panic disorder, socialanxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stressdisorder, depression, spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, post-operativepain, migraine, neuropathic pain, sciatica, asthma, and/or sleep-relatedbreathing disorders.

Terminology

In the studies below, the medicines are referred to by the principalcomponents of the base and fortifiers.

Study 1: Precision of Dosing Regimens and Bioavailability

Traditionally, administration of cannabis has resulted in unpredictablebioavailabilities, resulting in frequent occurrences of overdosingand/or under dosing which make it difficult to attain therapeutic bloodlevels while mitigating adverse events in a predictable manner.Therefore, the ability to provide predictable and consistent bloodplasma levels has great utility.

In this study, volunteers are divided into two groups: one receivinginhaled cannabis formulations, and one receiving oral cannabisformulations. Those receiving the oral dose of cannabis abide by strictpre-dosing dieting. The dose amount is scaled to body weight (0.05 and0.1 mg/kg) and, since cannabis active components are highly lipophillic,the dose amount further scaled based on BMI and/or body fatmeasurements. For example, the dose based on body weight can bemultiplied based on the volunteer’s BMI (e.g. multiplying the dose by0.9 for BMI <18, 1.0 for BMI =18-25, 1.1 for BMI 25-30, and 1.3 forBMI>30). Each study is performed in triplicate to determineintra-volunteer variability and each volunteer first undergoes i.v.dosing with the prescribed amount of drug. The oral formulation is givenin a single dose, and to minimize the effect of smoking characteristics,the inhaled formulation is given in tabs of sufficient size to bevaporized and administered in a single dose. Alternatively, the tabs tobe vaporized are subdivided into “unit sizes” that are administered inrapid succession. Blood samples are taken at various intervals andassayed for the cannabis active agent as well as the appropriatemetabolites. From the data biodistribution and appropriate PK parametersare determined. This will be done by measuring cannabinoid levels ofvolunteer plasma over time after receiving said multiplexed treatments(see U.S. Pat. 6,946,150; Huestis et al., Blood cannabinoids. I.Absorption of THC and formation of 11-OH-THC and THCCOOH during andafter smoking marijuana. J Anal Toxicol. 1992 Sep-Oct;16(5):276-82;Huestis, Marilyn, Human Cannabinoid Pharmacokinetics. Chem Biodivers.2007 August; 4(8): 1770-1804). Cannabinoid plasma levels will becompared for same-volunteers across different treatments to measure thecombinatorial drug adsorption effects of different multiplexedcannabinoid and terpenoid combinations. Cannabinoid plasma levels willalso be compared between volunteers to further tailor treatments tovolunteers based on their different absorption of each cannabinoid.

Study 2: Mitigation of Adverse Effects

This study establishes the development of tolerance to the possibleadverse effects of cannabis, such as cognitive and psychomotorimpairment, the psychological high, anxiety, and tachycardia. This isimportant as many times the therapeutic dose approaches the intoxicatingdose and may cause discontinuation of treatment. Only inhaledformulations are employed in this study since the onset of the drugeffect is rapid and the duration is shorter, which provides easiermonitoring. Inhalation of the drug formulation is preferably done with aVolcano ® or other vaporizer with consistent vapor production. Subjectswill be asked to take timed inhalations, timed 10-second breath-holds,and/or timed intermediate duration. Subjective questionnaires andheart-rate monitoring are used for evaluation.

The subjects are divided into a number of groups, and are administeredeither complete placebo, placebo with only terpenes, THC base, THC:CBDbase, or THC base with varying levels and combinations of CBs such asCBD, THCV, CBDV, CBGV or, CBG, and chosen terpenes such as limonene,and/or linalool fortifiers. Terpenes will be chosen based on theirability to mitigate pain as described in Table 2 or based on the resultsof the volunteer trials of earlier examples. The subjects areadministered with 3 mg, 6 mg, or 12 mg of the drug formulation (ordosage levels determined from Study 1). The subjects are furthersubdivided into those who are administered the maximum dose at the firsttreatment and those who undergo a slow dose escalation. This establishesthe proper dosing regimens and ratios of anxiolytic ingredients in themultiplexed formulations if adverse events are noted in future studies.

Study 3: Pain

Volunteers are grouped into those suffering from Multiple Sclerosis,post-operative pain, migraine, arthritis, and neuropathic pain (such assciatica) and then subdivided into those receiving either oral (2 mg, 5mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg THC) or inhaled (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mgTHC) administration routes. Dosage levels can also be determined basedon Study 1. Volunteers are administered with the placebos, THC base,THC/CBD base, or various amounts of CBs such as CBD, THCV, CBDV, CBGVor, CBG, and chosen terepenes such as limonene, and/or linaloolfortifiers. Terpenes will be chosen based on their ability to mitigatepain as described in Table 2 or based on the results of the volunteertrials of earlier examples. Volunteers are evaluated via questionnaireand/or medical examination.

Study 4: Anxiety

Volunteers are grouped into those suffering from generalized anxietydisorder (GAD), seasonal affective disorder (SAD), panic disorder, andpost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Volunteers are subdivided intothose receiving either oral (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg THC) orinhaled (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg THC) administration routes.Dosage levels can also be determined based on Study 1. Volunteers withSAD receive a lower dosing regimen. Volunteers are administered eitherthe placebos, THC base, THC/CBD base, or various amounts of CBs such asCBD, THCV, CBDV, CBGV or, CBG, and chosen terepenes such as limonene,and/or linalool fortifiers. Terpenes will be chosen based on theirability to mitigate pain as described in Table 2 or based on the resultsof the volunteer trials of earlier examples. Volunteers are evaluatedvia questionnaire and/or psychological examination.

Study 5: Depression

Volunteers are subdivided into those receiving either oral (2.5 mg and 5mg THC) or inhaled (2.5 mg and 5 mg THC) administration routes. Dosagelevels can also be determined based on Study 1. In this study, higherdoses are not examined since only low doses of cannabis have beenimplicated in relieving depression. Volunteers are administered eitherthe placebos, THC base, THC/CBD base, or various amounts of CBs such asCBD, THCV, CBDV, CBGV or, CBG, and chosen terepenes such as limonene,and/or linalool fortifiers. Terpenes will be chosen based on theirability to mitigate pain as described in Table 2 or based on the resultsof the volunteer trials of earlier examples. Volunteers are evaluatedvia questionnaire and/or psychological examination.

Study 6: Allergies, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Irritable Bowel Syndrome,Pain, MS, Crohn’s Disease, Arthritis

Volunteers are grouped into those suffering from allergies, rheumatoidarthritis, irritable bowel syndrome, pain, MS, Crohn’s disease, andarthritis and subdivided into those receiving either oral (2 mg, 5 mg,10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg THC) or inhaled (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mgTHC) administration routes. Dosage levels can also be determined basedon Study 1. Volunteers are administered either the placebos, THC base,THC/CBD base, or various amounts of CBS, or terpenes such as pinene,myrcene, and/or beta-caryophyllene fortifiers, all of which have beensuggested to be inhibit pro-inflammatory and immune response pathways.Other terpenes will be chosen based on their ability to mitigate pain asdescribed in Table 2 or based on the results of the volunteer trials ofearlier examples. Volunteers are evaluated via questionnaire and/ormedical examination.

Study 7: Asthma, Sleep Disorders, and Sleep Apnea

Volunteers are grouped into those suffering from mild asthma, centralsleep apnea, and obstructive sleep apnea and subdivided into thosereceiving either oral (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg THC) or inhaled(2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg THC) administration routes. Dosagelevels can also be determined based on Study 1. Volunteers areadministered either the placebos, THC base, THC/CBD base, or variousamounts of pinene, which has been implicated in bronchodillation and ofmyrcene and linalool, which have been suggested to be sedatives. Otherterpenes and cannabinoids will be chosen based on their ability tomitigate pain as described in Tables 1 and 2 or based on the results ofthe volunteer trials of earlier examples. Volunteers are evaluated viaquestionnaire and/or medical examination.

Study 8: Appetite Stimulant

Volunteers are grouped into those suffering from anorexia, AIDS WastingSyndrome, and cachexia resulting from MS or CHF and subdivided intothose receiving either oral (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg THC) orinhaled (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg THC) administration routes.Dosage levels can also be determined based on Study 1. Volunteers areadministered either the placebos, THC base, THC/CBD base, limonene orpinene for associated anxiety, and CBG, or limonene for associateddepression. Other terpenes and cannabinoids will be chosen based ontheir ability to mitigate pain as described in Tables 1 and 2 or basedon the results of the volunteer trials of earlier examples. Volunteersare evaluated via questionnaire and/or medical examination.

Study 9: Neuroprotection

Volunteers are grouped into those suffering from mild Parkinson’s,Alzheimer’s, Multiple Sclerosis, and possible recent stroke andsubdivided into those receiving either oral (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg,20 mg THC) or inhaled (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg THC)administration routes. Dosage levels can also be determined based onStudy 1. Volunteers are administered either the placebos, THC base,THC/CBD base, limonene or pinene for associated anxiety, and CBG orlimonene for associated depression. Other terpenes and cannabinoids willbe chosen based on their ability to mitigate pain as described in Tables1 and 2 or based on the results of the volunteer trials of earlierexamples. Volunteers are evaluated via questionnaire and/or medicalexamination.

Study 10: Multiple Sclerosis

Volunteers are subdivided into those receiving either oral (2 mg, 5 mg,10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg THC) or inhaled (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mgTHC) administration routes. Dosage levels can also be determined basedon Study 1. Volunteers are administered either the placebos, THC base,THC/CBD base, or various ratios of THC fortifiers (associated withneuro-protective, immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic,analgesic, and muscle relaxant effects), CBD fortifiers (associated withneuro-protective, immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic,and analgesic effects), CBG fortifiers (associated with anti-spasmodic,analgesic, and muscle-relaxant effects), pinene (associated withanti-inflammatory effects), myrcene (associated with anti-inflammatoryand analgesic effects), linalool (associated with analgesic effects),and beta-caryophyllene (associated with anti-inflammatory effects).Volunteers are evaluated via questionnaire and/or medical examination.

Study 11: Epilepsy/Migraine

Volunteers are grouped into those suffering from seizure disorders ofdifferent classifications and migraine headaches of differentclassifications, and subdivided into those receiving either oral (2 mg,5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg THC) or inhaled (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20mg THC) administration routes. Dosage levels can also be determinedbased on Study 1. Volunteers are administered either the placebos, THCbase, THC/CBD base and CBD, CBG, or linalool fortifiers, all of whichare implicated in anti-epileptic pathways. Other terpenes andcannabinoids will be chosen based on their ability to mitigate pain asdescribed in Tables 1 and 2 or based on the results of the volunteertrials of earlier examples. Volunteers are evaluated via questionnaireand/or medical examination.

Example 31. Use of Multiplexed Cannabis Mixtures to Treat BrachialPlexus Avulsion (Prophetic)

In one embodiment of this invention the multiplexed cannabis mixtures orspecialty cannabis plants of the present invention are tailored to treatthe symptoms of brachial plexus avulsion. Effectiveness of the treatmentwill be confirmed by conducting a trial using double blind, randomizedtreatments comparing the effects of multiplexed cannabis mixturescontaining THC and/or CBD, or combinations of other cannabinoidvariants, and/or a combination of various terpenes. Concentrations usedfor this study will be (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg or more THC)and/or (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg or more CBD) alone, or incombination with terpenes such as myrcene, limonene, pinene, and/orlinalool fortifiers. Terpene combinations will be chosen based on boththeir therapeutic activity (e.g. analgesic effects of myrcene andlinalool) as well as flavor and organoleptic feel (e.g.cineole/eucalyptol for spicy flavor and cooling feel). In someembodiments, the THC:CBS ratio of the MCM or specialty cannabis will begreater than or equal to 20:1, or 18:1, 17:1, 16:1, 15:1, 14:1, 13:1,12:1, 11:1, 10:1, 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3:1:4,1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:11, 1:12: 1:13, 1:14, 1:15, 1:16,1:17, 1:18, 1:19, 1:20, or lower. Treatments will be administered viaoral or inhaled routes. Dosage levels will be determined based on Study1 of Example 30 of this application, or by individually tailoring dosesup to the level at which pain relief is obtained.

Volunteers will be screened to determine eligibility during their firstvisit at which baseline pain assessments will be made prior torandomizing subjects into each treatment. Volunteers will also beassigned to receive placebos, including complete placebos (no activeingredient), a placebo containing no cannabinoids and only terpenes, andplacebos containing no terpenes and only cannabinoids. This willestablish not only efficacy of the cannabinoids and/or terpenes, butalso the synergy among the active compounds inherent in each cannabisline used.

The effectiveness of each treatment will be scored using volunteerdiaries and by accepted pain measuring scales such as the box score 11(BS11), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11),and Visual Analog Scale (VAS), among others (Jensen et al., Clin J Pain,5(2):153-9 1989; Melzack R, Pain, 1(3):277-99 1975; Hartrick et al.,Pain Pract 3(4):310-6, 2003; Huskisson E, Rheumatol. 9 (5): 768-9,1982). Particular emphasis will be placed on pain relief andsatisfaction scores comparing oral and inhalatory routes of eachtreatment. The effectiveness of THC and CBD cannabinoids for thetreatment of brachial plexus avulsion symptoms has already beendemonstrated using cannabis based medicinal extracts (CBME, see U.S.Pat. Application 10/533,504). A key aspect of this invention is thatmultiplexed cannabis mixtures use unextracted, natural plant material asa medicine that is both effective at treating symptoms as well aspleasurable to the volunteer; in this case by providing pain relief anda satisfying organoleptic feel.

Example 32. Use of Multiplexed Cannabis Mixtures to Treat Arthritis

In one embodiment of this invention the multiplexed cannabis mixtures orspecialty cannabis plants of the present invention are tailored to treatthe disease and/or symptoms of arthritis. Effectiveness of the treatmentwill be confirmed by conducting a trial using double blind, randomizedtreatments comparing the effects of multiplexed cannabis mixturescontaining THC and/or CBD, or combinations of other cannabinoidvariants, and/or a combination of various terpenes. Concentrations usedfor this study will be (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg or more THC)and/or (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg or more CBD) alone, or incombination with terpenes such as myrcene, limonene, pinene, and/orlinalool fortifiers. Terpene combinations will be chosen based on boththeir therapeutic activity (e.g. analgesic effects of myrcene andlinalool) as well as flavor and organoleptic feel (e.g.cineole/eucalyptol for spicy flavor and cooling feel). In someembodiments, the THC:CBS ratio of the MCM or specialty cannabis will begreater than or equal to 20:1, or 18:1, 17:1, 16:1, 15:1, 14:1, 13:1,12:1, 11:1, 10:1, 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3:1:4,1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:11, 1:12: 1:13, 1:14, 1:15, 1:16,1:17, 1:18, 1:19, 1:20, or lower. Treatments will be administered viaoral or inhaled routes. Dosage levels will be determined based on Study1 of Example 30 of this application, or by individually tailoring dosesup to the level at which pain relief is obtained. Volunteers will bescreened to determine eligibility during their first visit at whichbaseline pain assessments will be made prior to randomizing subjectsinto each treatment. Volunteers will also be assigned to receiveplacebos, including complete placebos (no active ingredient), a placebocontaining no cannabinoids and only terpenes, and placebos containing noterpenes and only cannabinoids. This approach will establish not onlyefficacy of the cannabinoids and/or terpenes, but also the synergy amongthe active compounds inherent in each cannabis line used.

The effectiveness of each treatment will be determined by usingvolunteer diary self-assessments scoring quality of sleep, morning painat rest, morning pain on movement, morning stiffness, and quality ofsleep. McGill Questionnaires or other pain scale questionnaires (e.g.VAS, BS11, NRS-11, etc) will be completed in at least two experimentaltime points to compare changes in present intensity of pain, and overallimpression of pain. Particular emphasis will be placed on pain andoverall satisfaction scores comparing oral and inhalatory routes of eachtreatment. The effectiveness of THC and CBD cannabinoids on treatingarthritic symptoms has already been demonstrated using cannabis basedmedicinal extracts (CBME, see U.S. Pat. Application 11/628,814). A keyaspect of this invention is that multiplexed cannabis mixtures useunextracted natural plant material as a medicine that is both effectiveat treating symptoms as well as pleasurable to the volunteer; in thiscase by providing pain relief, extended and better quality sleep, and asatisfying organoleptic feel.

Example 33. Use of Multiplexed Cannabis Mixtures to Treat MotionSickness

In one embodiment of this invention the multiplexed cannabis mixtures orspecialty cannabis plants of the present invention are tailored toprevent and/or treat the symptoms of motion sickness. Effectiveness ofthe treatment will be confirmed by conducting a trial using doubleblind, randomized treatments comparing the effects of multiplexedcannabis mixtures containing THC and/or CBD, or combinations of othercannabinoid variants, and/or a combination of various terpenes.Concentrations used for this study will be (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20mg or more THC) and/or (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg or more CBD)alone, or in combination with terpenes such as myrcene, limonene,pinene, and/or linalool fortifiers. Terpene combinations will be chosenbased on both their therapeutic activity (e.g. stomach reflux calmingeffects of limonene) as well as flavor and organoleptic feel (e.g.cineole/eucalyptol for spicy flavor and cooling feel). In someembodiments, the THC:CBS ratio of the MCM or specialty cannabis will begreater than or equal to 20:1, or 18:1, 17:1, 16:1, 15:1, 14:1, 13:1,12:1, 11:1, 10:1, 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3:1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:11, 1:12: 1:13, 1:14, 1:15, 1:16,1:17, 1:18, 1:19, 1:20 or lower. Treatments will be administered viaoral or inhaled routes. Dosage levels will be determined based on Study1 of Example 30 of this application, or by individually tailoring dosesup to the level at which motion sickness relief is obtained.

Volunteers susceptible to motion sickness will be screened via aquestionnaire and then subjected to nausea-inducing trials without anytreatment in order to obtain baseline assessments. Nausea inducingtrials will include a variety of non-chemical conditions known to inducenausea in volunteers (Griffin et al. Aviat Space Environ Med.75(9):739-748 (2004), Dornhoffer et al., Otol Neurotol. 25(5):740-745(2004), Donohew et al., Aviat Space Environ Med 75(8):649-656 (2004),and Duh et al., Hum Factors 46(1): 142-153 (2004)). In one embodiment,volunteers will be administered a multiplex cannabis medicine treatmentfollowed by a 30 minute suburban car journey with artificialrestrictions to their view (e.g. blindfolded), and/or in differentseating positions. Volunteers will be asked to rate their level ofmotion sickness at 1 minute intervals and vehicle motion conditions willbe recorded in three axis to ensure similar motion conditions acrosstrials. Volunteers will also be assigned to receive placebos, includingcomplete placebos (no active ingredient), a placebo containing nocannabinoids and only terpenes, and placebos containing no terpenes andonly cannabinoids. This approach will establish not only efficacy of thecannabinoids and/or terpenes, but also the synergy among the activecompounds inherent in each cannabis line used.

The effectiveness of each treatment will be determined by comparingvolunteer motion sickness scores across treatments. Emphasis will beplaced on treatments that reduce motion sickness and also excel atoverall satisfaction scores including flavor and organoleptic feel. Theeffectiveness of THC and CBD cannabinoids on treating motion sicknesshas already been demonstrated using cannabis based medicinal extracts(CBME, see U.S. Pat. 8,034,843, and). A key aspect of this invention isthat multiplexed cannabis mixtures use unextracted natural plantmaterial as a medicine that is both effective at treating symptoms aswell as pleasurable to the volunteer; in this case by motion sicknessrelief, and a satisfying organoleptic feel.

Example 34. Use of Multiplexed Cannabis Mixtures to Treat Seizures

In one embodiment of this invention the multiplexed cannabis mixtures orspecialty cannabis plants of the present invention are tailored toprevent and/or treat seizures. Effectiveness of the treatment will beconfirmed by conducting a trial using double blind, randomizedtreatments comparing the effects of multiplexed cannabis mixturescontaining THCV and/or CBDV, or combinations of other cannabinoidvariants, and/or a combination of various terpenes. Concentrations usedfor this study will be (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg or more THCV)and/or (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg or more CBDV) alone, or incombination with terpenes such as myrcene, limonene, pinene, and/orlinalool fortifiers. Terpene combinations will be chosen based on boththeir therapeutic activity (e.g. anti convulsant properties of linalool)as well as flavor and organoleptic feel (e.g. cineole/eucalyptol forspicy flavor and cooling feel). In some embodiments, the THC: CBS ratioof the MCM or specialty cannabis will be greater than or equal to 20:1,or 18:1, 17:1, 16:1, 15:1, 14:1, 13:1, 12:1, 11:1, 10:1, 9:1, 8:1, 7:1,6:1, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3: 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9,1:10, 1:11, 1:12: 1:13, 1:14, 1:15, 1:16, 1:17, 1:18, 1:19, 1:20, orlower. Treatments will be administered via oral or inhaled routes.Dosage levels will be determined based on Study 1 of Example 30 of thisapplication, or by individually tailoring doses up to the level at whichseizure relief is obtained.

Volunteers used for this study will be screened via a questionnaire todetermine their severity of their seizure symptoms. Optimal volunteerswill be those who have at least 3 partial seizures the month prior tobeginning the study. An multi-day baseline assessment period without anytreatment will be conducted prior to the randomized study to obtainbaseline seizure information from each volunteer. Volunteers will thenbe randomized and provided with experimental treatments includingvarious multiplex cannabis medicine combinations. Volunteers will alsobe assigned to receive placebos, including complete placebos (no activeingredient), a placebo containing no cannabinoids and only terpenes, andplacebos containing no terpenes and only cannabinoids. This approachwill establish not only efficacy of the cannabinoids and/or terpenes,but also the synergy among the active compounds inherent in eachcannabis line used.

As is common to other seizure studies, treatments will be compared usingvolunteer diary self-assessments scoring seizure frequency, severity,type, and overall quality of life assessment (Arroyo et al., Epilepsia,Vol. 45:1, 20-27 2004). Particular emphasis will be placed on seizurenumber, severity, and as quality of life scores, comparing oral andinhalatory routes of each treatment. The effectiveness of THCv and CBDvcannabinoids on treating seizures has already been demonstrated usingcannabis based medicinal extracts (CBME, see U.S. Pat. Application13/075,873). A key aspect of this invention is that multiplexed cannabismixtures use unextracted natural plant material as a medicine that isboth effective at treating symptoms as well as pleasurable to thevolunteer; in this case by providing seizure symptom relief, and asatisfying organoleptic feel.

Example 35. Use of Multiplexed Cannabis Mixtures to Treat NeuropathicPain

In one embodiment of this invention the multiplexed cannabis mixtures orspecialty cannabis plants of the present invention are tailored to treatneuropathic pain such as that related to fibromyalgia, allodynia,parasthesia, post herpetic neuralgia, painful diabetic neuropathy,painful HIV-distal sensory polyneuropathy, among others. Effectivenessof the treatment will be confirmed by conducting a trial using doubleblind, randomized treatments comparing the effects of multiplexedcannabis mixtures containing THC and/or CBD, or combinations of othercannabinoid variants, and/or a combination of various terpenes.Concentrations used for this study will be (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20mg or more THC) and/or (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg or more CBD)alone, or in combination with terpenes such as myrcene, limonene,pinene, and/or linalool fortifiers. Terpene combinations will be chosenbased on their therapeutic activity (e.g. analgesic effects of myrceneand linalool) as well as flavor and organoleptic feel (e.g.cineole/eucalyptol for spicy flavor and cooling feel). In someembodiments, the THC:CBS ratio of the MCM or specialty cannabis will begreater than or equal to 20:1, or 18:1, 17:1, 16:1, 15:1, 14:1, 13:1,12:1, 11:1, 10:1, 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3:1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:11, 1:12: 1:13, 1:14, 1:15, 1:16,1:17, 1:18, 1:19, 1:20, or lower. Treatments will be administered viaoral or inhaled routes. Dosage levels will be determined based on Study1 of Example 30 of this application, or by individually tailoring dosesup to the level at which pain relief is obtained.

Volunteers will be screened to determine eligibility during their firstvisit at which baseline assessments will be made prior to randomizingsubjects into each treatment. Volunteers will also be assigned toreceive placebos, including complete placebos (no active ingredient), aplacebo containing no cannabinoids and only terpenes, and placeboscontaining no terpenes and only cannabinoids. This approach willestablish not only efficacy of the cannabinoids and/or terpenes, butalso the synergy among the active compounds inherent in each cannabisline used.

The effectiveness of each treatment will be determined by usingvolunteer diary self-assessments and by accepted pain measuring scalessuch as the box score 11 (BS11), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ),Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS), amongothers (Jensen et al., Clin J Pain, 5(2):153-9 1989; Melzack R, Pain,1(3):277-99 1975; Hartrick et al., Pain Pract 3(4):310-6, 2003;Huskisson E, Rheumatol. 9 (5): 768-9, 1982). Other measures may includepoint questionnaires for quality of sleep, and overall quality of life.Questionnaires will be completed in at least two experimental timepoints to compare changes in present intensity of pain, and overallimpression of pain. Particular emphasis will be placed on pain, sleep,quality of life and overall satisfaction scores comparing oral andinhalatory routes of each treatment. The effectiveness of THC and CBDcannabinoids on treating neuropathic pain has already been demonstratedusing cannabis based medicinal extracts (CBME, see U.S. Pat.Applications 12/084,454, 13/491,077, 12/308,776). A key aspect of thisinvention is that multiplexed cannabis mixtures use unextracted naturalplant material as a medicine that is both effective at treating symptomsas well as pleasurable to the volunteer; in this case by providing painrelief, extended and better quality sleep, and a satisfying organolepticfeel.

Example 36. Use of Multiplexed Cannabis Mixtures to Aid in Weight Loss

In one embodiment of this invention the multiplexed cannabis medicinecan be used to treat obesity or to aid in cosmetically beneficial weightloss. Effectiveness of the treatment will be confirmed by conducting atrial using double blind, randomized treatments comparing the effects ofmultiplexed cannabis mixtures containing THCV and/or CBDV, orcombinations of other cannabinoid variants, and/or a combination ofvarious terpenes. Concentrations used for this study will be (2 mg, 5mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg or more THCV) and/or (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg,20 mg or more CBDV) alone, or in combination with terpenes such asmyrcene, limonene, pinene, and/or linalool fortifiers. Terpenecombinations will be chosen based on their therapeutic activity (e.g.analgesic effects of myrcene and linalool) as well as flavor andorganoleptic feel (e.g. cineole/eucalyptol for spicy flavor and coolingfeel). In some embodiments, the THC:CBS ratio of the MCM or specialtycannabis will be greater than or equal to 20:1, or 18:1, 17:1, 16:1,15:1, 14:1, 13:1, 12:1, 11:1, 10:1, 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1,2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3: 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:11, 1:12:1:13, 1:14, 1:15, 1:16, 1:17, 1:18, 1:19, 1:20, or lower. Treatmentswill be administered via oral or inhaled routes. Dosage levels will bedetermined based on Study 1 of Example 30 of this application, or byindividually tailoring doses up to the level at which reduced appetiteis obtained.

Volunteers will be screened to determine eligibility based on high bodymass indices during their first visit at which baseline weight andhealth assessments will be made prior to beginning the study. Prior toany treatments, volunteers will be placed on a 600kcal/day deficit dietwithout treatments. After 3 weeks, volunteers adhering to the diet andexperiencing weight loss will be randomized into each treatment.Volunteers will also be assigned to receive placebos, including completeplacebos (no active ingredient), a placebo containing no cannabinoidsand only terpenes, and placebos containing no terpenes and onlycannabinoids. This approach will establish not only efficacy of thecannabinoids and/or terpenes, but also the synergy among the activecompoundsinherent in each cannabis line used.

Weight loss will be tracked using standard protocols as those found in(James et al., The Lancet, Vol 356:9248, 2119-2125 2000; Jurgens et al.,Cochrane Database Syst Rev Dec. 12, 2012,; Patrick et al., J DiabetesSci Technol, May1 7(3):759-70 2013). The trial will be conducted overfor several weeks and the effectiveness of each treatment will becompared. Volunteer diary self-assessments will also be compared tonormalize for physical activity and diet, as well as to evaluate theoverall satisfaction with each treatment. Volunteer dropout rates willalso be measure volunteer motivation. Particular emphasis will be placedon normalized weight loss and overall satisfaction scores comparing oraland inhalatory routes of each treatment. The effectiveness of THCV andCBDV cannabinoids as CB1 and CB2 antagonists and weight loss agents hasalready been demonstrated using cannabis based medicinal extracts (CBME,see U.S. Pat. Applications 11/667,890, 12/087,847, and US20110082195). Akey aspect of this invention is that multiplexed cannabis mixtures useunextracted natural plant material as a medicine that is both effectiveat treating symptoms as well as pleasurable to the volunteer; in thiscase by helping volunteers with weight loss rate and commitment, andproviding a satisfying organoleptic feel.

Example 37. Use of Multiplexed Cannabis Mixtures to Treat Depression

In one embodiment of this invention the multiplexed cannabis mixtures orspecialty cannabis plants of the present invention are tailored to treatdepression such as morbid or clinical depression, unipolar mooddisorder, bipolar mood disorder, syndromal depression, and panicdisorder and anxiety among others. Effectiveness of the treatment willbe confirmed by conducting a trial using double blind, randomizedtreatments comparing the effects of multiplexed cannabis mixturescontaining THC and/or CBG, or combinations of other cannabinoidvariants, and/or a combination of various terpenes. Concentrations usedfor this study will be (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg or more THC)and/or (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg or more CBG) and/or (2 mg, 5 mg,10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg or more CBC) alone, or in combination with terpenessuch as myrcene, limonene, pinene, and/or linalool fortifiers. Terpenecombinations will be chosen based on their therapeutic activity (e.g.anti-anxiety effects of linalool; Russo et al., Handbook of PsychotropicHerbs, Haworth Press, December 2000) as well as flavor and organolepticfeel (e.g. cineole/eucalyptol for spicy flavor and cooling feel). Insome embodiments, the THC:CBS ratio of the MCM or specialty cannabiswill be greater than or equal to 20:1, or 18:1, 17:1, 16:1, 15:1, 14:1,13:1, 12:1, 11:1, 10:1, 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1,1:2, 1:3: 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:11, 1:12: 1:13, 1:14,1:15, 1:16, 1:17, 1:18, 1:19, 1:20, or lower. Treatments will beadministered via oral or inhaled routes. Dosage levels will bedetermined based on Study 1 of Example 30 of this application, or byindividually tailoring doses up to the level at which mood improvementis obtained.

Volunteers will be screened to determine eligibility during their firstvisit. Eligible volunteers will exhibit at least one somatic symptom ofdepression found on the Bradford Somatic Inventory (Garcia-Campayo etal., British Journal of Psychiatry 168:348-353 1996). Prior toconducting the study, volunteer depression baseline assessments will bemade using any of the accepted medical measures such as 17-item HamiltonDepression Rating Scale Interview, Beck Depression Inventory, BradfordSomatic Inventory, etc (see Chatwin et al., BMC family practice 8:22007). Volunteers will be randomized into treatment as well as placebos,including complete placebos (no active ingredient), a placebo containingno cannabinoids and only terpenes, and placebos containing no terpenesand only cannabinoids. This approach will establish not only efficacy ofthe cannabinoids and/or terpenes, but also the synergy among the activecompounds inherent in each cannabis line used.

The effectiveness of each treatment will be determined by usingdepression assessments as used for baseline assessments and describedabove, as well as with the use of volunteer diary self-assessments, andoverall satisfaction scores. Depression assessments will be completed inat least two experimental time points. Particular emphasis will beplaced on depression and overall satisfaction scores comparing oral andinhalatory routes of each treatment. The effectiveness of CBG and CBCcannabinoids on treating depression has already been demonstrated inanimal models using cannabis based medicinal extracts (CBME, see U.S.Pat. Applications 60/813,814 and 11/760,364 and International PatentApplication WO 2005/000830). A key aspect of this invention is thatmultiplexed cannabis mixtures use unextracted natural plant material asa medicine that is both effective at treating symptoms as well aspleasurable to the volunteer; in this case by improving volunteer moodas an anti-depressant and by providing a pleasurable and satisfyingorganoleptic feel.

Example 38. Use of Multiplexed Cannabis Mixtures to Irritable BowelSyndrome

In one embodiment of this invention the multiplexed cannabis mixtures orspecialty cannabis plants of the present invention are tailored to treatthe symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) such as those related toCrohn’s disease among others. Effectiveness of the treatment will beconfirmed by conducting a trial using double blind, randomizedtreatments comparing the effects of multiplexed cannabis mixturescontaining THC and/or CBD, or combinations of other cannabinoidvariants, and/or a combination of various terpenes. Concentrations usedfor this study will be (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg or more THC)and/or (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg or more CBD) alone, or incombination with terpenes such as myrcene, limonene, pinene, and/orlinalool fortifiers. Terpene combinations will be chosen based on theirtherapeutic activity (e.g. analgesic effects of pinene) as well asflavor and organoleptic feel (e.g. cineole/eucalyptol for spicy flavorand cooling feel). In some embodiments, the THC:CBS ratio of the MCM orspecialty cannabis will be greater than or equal to 20:1, or 18:1, 17:1,16:1, 15:1, 14:1, 13:1, 12:1, 11:1, 10:1, 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1,3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3: 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:11, 1:12:1:13, 1:14, 1:15, 1:16, 1:17, 1:18, 1:19, 1:20, or lower. Treatmentswill be administered via oral or inhaled routes. Dosage levels will bedetermined based on Study 1 of Example 30 of this application, or byindividually tailoring doses up to the level at which symptom relief isobtained.

Volunteers will be screened to determine eligibility during their firstvisit. Eligible volunteers will exhibit IBS symptoms as determined via aCrohn’s disease activity index (CDAI) (Best et al., Gastroenterology 70(3):439-444 1976). Prior to conducting the study, volunteer baselineassessments will be made using any of the accepted medical measures suchas CDAI, Harvey-Bradshaw index, and the Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseQuestionnaire (IBDQ), among others (see Harvey and Bradshaw, Lancet 1(8167):514 1990; and Irvine et al., Gastroenterology 106 (2):287-96,1994). Volunteers will be randomized into treatment as well as placebogroups, including complete placebos (no active ingredient), a placebocontaining no cannabinoids and only terpenes, and placebos containing noterpenes and only cannabinoids. This approach will establish not onlyefficacy of the cannabinoids and/or terpenes, but also the synergy amongthe active compounds inherent in each cannabis line used.

The effectiveness of each treatment will be determined by using IBSsymptom assessments as used for baseline measurements and as describedabove, as well as with the use of volunteer diary self-assessments, andoverall satisfaction scores. IBS symptomatic assessments will becompleted in at least two experimental time points. Particular emphasiswill be placed on number of soft or liquid stools per day, abdominalpain scores (1-3), and overall satisfaction scores comparing oral andinhalatory routes of each treatment. The effectiveness of CBGcannabinoids on treating depression has already been demonstrated inanimal models and in trials using cannabis based medicinal extracts(CBME, see U.S. Pat. Application 12/667,561). A key aspect of thisinvention is that multiplexed cannabis mixtures use unextracted naturalplant material as a medicine that is both effective at treating symptomsas well as pleasurable to the volunteer; in this case by improvinggastrointestinal health and by providing a pleasurable and satisfyingorganoleptic feel that encourages volunteers to continue treatments.

Example 39. Use of Multiplexed Cannabis Mixtures to Treat Pain FromCancer

In one embodiment of this invention the multiplexed cannabis mixtures orspecialty cannabis plants of the present invention are tailored to treatpain such as that related to cancer or other potentially terminaldiseases. Effectiveness of the treatment will be confirmed by conductinga trial using double blind, randomized treatments comparing the effectsof multiplexed cannabis mixtures containing THC and/or CBD, orcombinations of other cannabinoid variants, and/or a combination ofvarious terpenes. Concentrations used for this study will be (2 mg, 5mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg or more THC) and/or (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg,20 mg or more CBD) alone, or in combination with terpenes such asmyrcene, limonene, pinene, and/or linalool fortifiers. Terpenecombinations will be chosen based on their therapeutic activity (e.g.analgesic effects of myrcene and linalool) as well as flavor andorganoleptic feel (e.g. cineole/eucalyptol for spicy flavor and coolingfeel). In some embodiments, the THC:CBS ratio of the MCM or specialtycannabis will be greater than or equal to 20:1, or 18:1, 17:1, 16:1,15:1, 14:1, 13:1, 12:1, 11:1, 10:1, 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1,2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3: 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:11, 1:12:1:13, 1:14, 1:15, 1:16, 1:17, 1:18, 1:19, 1:20, or lower. Treatmentswill be administered via oral or inhaled routes. Dosage levels will bedetermined based on Study 1 of Example 30 of this application, or byindividually tailoring doses up to the level at which pain relief isobtained.

Volunteers will be screened to determine eligibility during their firstvisit at which baseline assessments will be made prior to randomizingsubjects into each treatment. Volunteers will also be assigned toreceive placebos, including complete placebos (no active ingredient), aplacebo containing no cannabinoids and only terpenes, and placeboscontaining no terpenes and only cannabinoids. This approach willestablish not only efficacy of the cannabinoids and/or terpenes, butalso the synergy among the active compounds inherent in each cannabisline used.

The effectiveness of each treatment will be determined by usingvolunteer diary self-assessments scoring Numerical Rate Score (NRS)11-point pain scores, quality of sleep, and overall quality of life.Questionnaires will be completed in at least two experimental timepoints to compare changes in present intensity of pain, and overallimpression of pain. Particular emphasis will be placed on pain, sleep,quality of life and overall satisfaction scores comparing oral andinhalatory routes of each treatment. The effectiveness of THC and CBDcannabinoids on treating pain has already been demonstrated usingcannabis based medicinal extracts (CBME, see U.S. Pat. Applications12/084,454, 13/491,077, 12/308,776, and 12/863,842). A key aspect ofthis invention is that multiplexed cannabis mixtures use unextractednatural plant material as a medicine that is both effective at treatingsymptoms as well as pleasurable to the volunteer; in this case byproviding pain relief, extended and better quality sleep, and asatisfying organoleptic feel.

Example 40. Use of Multiplexed Cannabis Mixtures to Improve CholesterolLevels

In one embodiment of this invention the multiplexed cannabis medicinecan be used to lower total cholesterol and increase high densitylipoprotein (HDL) “good” cholesterol as an effective treatment fordiseases such as obesity, heart disease, and diabetes, among others.Effectiveness of the treatment will be confirmed by conducting a trialusing double blind, randomized treatments comparing the effects ofmultiplexed cannabis mixtures containing THCV and/or CBD, orcombinations of other cannabinoid variants, and/or a combination ofvarious terpenes. Concentrations used for this study will be (2 mg, 5mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg or more THCV) and/or (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg,20 mg or more CBD) alone, or in combination with other terpenes such asmyrcene, limonene, pinene, and/or linalool fortifiers. Terpenecombinations will be chosen based on their therapeutic activity (e.g.decreases in platelet aggregation effects of myrcene, Lin et al., PlantaMed, 69:757-764 2003) as well as flavor and organoleptic feel (e.g.cineole/eucalyptol for spicy flavor and cooling feel). In someembodiments, the THC:CBS ratio of the MCM or specialty cannabis will begreater than or equal to 20:1, or 18:1, 17:1, 16:1, 15:1, 14:1, 13:1,12:1, 11:1, 10:1, 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3:1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:11, 1:12: 1:13, 1:14, 1:15, 1:16,1:17, 1:18, 1:19, 1:20, or lower. Treatments will be administered viaoral or inhaled routes. Dosage levels will be determined based on Study1 of Example 30 of this application, or by individually tailoring dosesup to the level at which reduced appetitive or reduced cholesterollevels are obtained.

Volunteers will be screened to determine eligibility based oncholesterol levels and baseline weight and health assessments will bemade prior to beginning the study. Volunteer volunteers will berandomized into each treatment groups and placebo groups, includingcomplete placebos (no active ingredient), a placebo containing nocannabinoids and only terpenes, and placebos containing no terpenes andonly cannabinoids. This approach will establish not only efficacy of thecannabinoids and/or terpenes, but also the synergy among the activecompounds inherent in each cannabis line used.

Cholesterol levels will be measured weekly using any over the counterconsumer measuring kits such as the SURESIGN Cholesterol ++ Test™,Cholesterol Home Scan™, and CheckUp America Cholesterol Panel™, amongothers. The trial will be conducted over for several weeks and theeffectiveness of each treatment will be compared. Volunteer diaryself-assessments will also be compared to normalize for physicalactivity and diet, as well as to evaluate the overall satisfaction witheach treatment. Particular emphasis will be placed on total cholesteroland HDL levels, and overall satisfaction scores comparing oral andinhalatory routes of each treatment. The effectiveness of THCV and CBDcannabinoids as CB1 and CB2 antagonists and at lowering cholesterollevels has already been demonstrated using cannabis based medicinalextracts (CBME, see U.S. Pat. Applications 12/865,842). A key aspect ofthis invention is that multiplexed cannabis mixtures use unextractednatural plant material as a medicine that is both effective at treatingsymptoms as well as pleasurable to the volunteer; in this case byhelping volunteers improve their cholesterol while providing asatisfying organoleptic feel.

Example 41. Use of Multiplexed Cannabis Mixtures to Treat PsychosisRelated Diseases

In one embodiment of this invention the multiplexed cannabis mixtures orspecialty cannabis plants of the present invention are tailored to treatpsychosis related diseases such as schizophrenia, schizophreniformdisorder, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar I disorder, bipolar IIdisorder, major depressive disorder with psychotic feature, delusionaldisorders, shared psychotic disorder, brief psychotic disorder, amongothers. Effectiveness of the treatment will be confirmed by conducting atrial using double blind, randomized treatments comparing the effects ofmultiplexed cannabis mixtures containing THCV and/or CBD, orcombinations of other cannabinoid variants, and/or a combination ofvarious terpenes. Concentrations used for this study will be (2 mg, 5mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg or more THCV) and/or (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg,20 mg or more CBD) alone, or in combination with terpenes such asmyrcene, limonene, pinene, and/or linalool fortifiers. Terpenecombinations will be chosen based on their therapeutic activity (e.g.anti-anxiety effects of linalool, Russo et al., Handbook of PsychotropicHerbs, Haworth Press, December 2000) as well as flavor and organolepticfeel (e.g. cineole/eucalyptol for spicy flavor and cooling feel). Insome embodiments, the THC:CBS ratio of the MCM or specialty cannabiswill be greater than or equal to 20:1, or 18:1, 17:1, 16:1, 15:1, 14:1,13:1, 12:1, 11:1, 10:1, 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1,1:2, 1:3: 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:11, 1:12: 1:13, 1:14,1:15, 1:16, 1:17, 1:18, 1:19, 1:20, or lower. Treatments will beadministered via oral or inhaled routes. Dosage levels will bedetermined based on Study 1 of Example 30 of this application, or byindividually tailoring doses up to the level at which mood improvementis obtained.

Volunteers will be screened to determine eligibility during their firstvisit. Eligible volunteers will fulfill DSM-IV criteria for a primarydiagnosis of psychotic disorder as established by a semi structuredinterview (McEvoy et al., J. Clinical Psychiatry, Vol 74:-02 (2013)).Prior to conducting the study, volunteer psychosis baseline assessmentswill be made using any of the accepted medical measures of psychosissuch as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2),Barnes Akathisia Scale, Simpson-Angus Scale Positive and NegativeSyndrome Scale, etc (see Drayton, M, Occupational Medicine, Vol59-2:135-136 2009; Munetz et al., Hosp Community Psychiatry,1988;39(11): 1172-1177; Bames, Br J Psychiatry, 1989;154(5):672-676;Simpson et al., Acta Psychiatr Scand suppl, 1970;212(S212):11-19; Kay etal., Multi-Health Systems 1994). Volunteers will be randomized intotreatment as well as placebos, including complete placebos (no activeingredient), a placebo containing no cannabinoids and only terpenes, andplacebos containing no terpenes and only cannabinoids. This approachwill establish not only efficacy of the cannabinoids and/or terpenes,but also the synergy among the active compounds inherent in eachcannabis line used.

The effectiveness of each treatment will be determined by usingpsychosis assessments as used for baseline assessments and describedabove, as well as with the use of volunteer diary self-assessments, andoverall life quality and satisfaction scores. Psychosis assessments willbe completed in at least two experimental time points. Particularemphasis will be placed on psychosis and overall life quality scorescomparing oral and inhalatory routes of each treatment. Theeffectiveness of THCV and CBD cannabinoids on treating psychosis hasalready been demonstrated in animal models using cannabis basedmedicinal extracts (CBME, see U.S. Pat. Application 12/811,393). A keyaspect of this invention is that multiplexed cannabis mixtures useunextracted natural plant material as a medicine that is both effectiveat treating symptoms as well as pleasurable to the volunteer; in thiscase by reducing volunteer psychosis and providing a pleasurable andsatisfying organoleptic feel.

Example 42. Zero-Point Delivery Device and Principles

Vaporization is the process of heating a substance to its boiling pointto release vapor containing the active constituents in a gaseous state.This vapor can be inhaled to deliver the active agents in the drug, butwithout the harmful irritants and carcinogens found in smoke thatresults from combustion of the plant material, and without the alcoholand preserved water that serves as a base for nebulizer solutions. Thereis a need for a convenient handheld and/or tabletop vaporization devicethat vaporizes designer ‘sludges’ (i.e. material to be vaporized) thatare created with predetermined and calculated resistances to work bestwith the vaporization device. The internal resistance of the sludge, inconcert with the high voltage current and the aluminum dosage striptechnology described in the next Example below, generates the necessaryheat of vaporization to volatilize all of the active components in thesludge.

The vaporization device requires, at its most basic, a source of heatthat is emitted when an electric current is passed through a wire or afluid, and a dosage strip containing the cannabis sludge to be vaporizedthat has been optimized for consumption in the vaporization device. Thedesign of the delivery device comprises components that are similar tothat of a basic taser or stun gun, which have been used in thelaboratory to vaporize cannabis oils or sludges.

In some embodiments the electronic design of the zero point deliverydevice is similar to the stun gun as shown in WO2005076734, U.S. Pat.Application Serial No. US 2006/0067026, or U.S. Pat. US 5,467,247.

At its simplest, the ergo-dynamic vaporization device described hereincomprises a space for depositing the dosage strip, a dose selectorswitch, a micro-computer which activates any one or more four activationsites present on the dosing strip, an activation switch, a battery, aspeaker, a LED light, and an area through which the patient inhales thevapor.

An example of one manifestation of the vaporizer device is shown in FIG.18 . The user chooses the proper dosage on the dose selector switch, andpushes the activation switch, thereby delivering a high voltage currentthrough the aluminum electrodes on the dosage strip to heat and vaporizethe sludge. Intake air passes in through small holes located around thecentral mouth piece. This air flow creates an upward current that allowsthe essential oil vapor to be inhaled.

The vaporizer may also comprise a selector switch which is designed toselect the desired cannabis dosage. This switch communicates with themicrochip to control how many of the activation sites on the dosingstrip are activated and activates the activation sites in any possiblecombination. In non-limiting examples, the switch activates each of thefour sites individually, one, two, three or four of the sitesconsecutively or serially, or one, two, three, or four sites with adelay between them. The orders in which the activation sites areactivated, and/or the delay between the activation of one or more sites,are calculated based on dosage studies.

Example 43. Zero-Point Delivery Doses

The vaporization device described in the above example is designed towork with dosage strips engineered specifically for efficientvaporization at the particular voltage and current supplied by thedevice. An example of a dosing strip is shown in FIG. 19 .

The strips are composed of a non-conductive material such as ceramic orglass, and contain sludge from a whole plant liquid-gas extract at theparticular resistance that is vaporized by the device. The dosage stripscomprise an aluminum conductor with four (4) or more resistance sites,each of which consists of bundles of frayed aluminum which conduct thehigh voltage current produced by the vaporization device to the sludgeto vaporize it.

The amount of sludge on each dosing strip is predetermined based on thevolunteer and the disease and/or disorder being treated, to provideaccurate and consistent dosing. The solvent-free sludge is extracted viamultigas extraction and comprises the refrigerant 134A, butane,iso-butane and propane in a ratio that delivers a very complete andbalanced extraction of essential oils.

The predetermined quantity of sludge is applied onto each of four ormore (R₁-R₄) connections (activation sites) on the dosage strip. Thedosage strips are inserted into a vaporization device and are activatedby the device’s microchip at any number of the sludge activation siteson each dosage strip. The amount of dose administered to the volunteeris selected and altered using the dosing switch on the vaporizer. Thesettings on the selector switch communicate with the microchip tocontrol how many activation sites on the strip are activated.

The dosing strips and the vaporization device described herein, allowthe cannabis active compounds to be delivered to the volunteer in amethod that is capable of reproducible and accurate dosing for essentialoil and cannabinoid medications.

DEPOSIT INFORMATION

A deposit of the cannabis varieties of the present invention, includingthe Classes of Cannabis Varieties, is maintained by the BiotechInstitute, LLC 5655 Lindero Canyon Road, Suite 226, Westlake Village, CA91362.

In addition, a sample of one or more varieties of this invention,including deposits NCIMB 42246, NCIMB 42247, NCIMB 42248, NCIMB 42249,NCIMB 42250, NCIMB 42254, NCIMB 42255, NCIMB 42256, NCIMB 42257, andNCIMB 42258, has been deposited with an International DepositaryAuthority as established under the Budapest Treaty according to 37 CFR1.803(a)(1), at the National Collections of Industrial, Food and MarineBacteria Ltd. (NCIMB) in Aberdeen Scotland.

To satisfy the enablement requirements of 35 U.S.C. 112, and to certifythat the deposit of the isolated strains (i.e., cannabis varieties) ofthe present invention meets the criteria set forth in 37 CFR 1.801-1.809and Manual of Patent Examining Procedure (MPEP) 2402-2411.05, Applicantshereby make the following statements regarding the deposited cannabisvarieties:

If the deposit is made under the terms of the Budapest Treaty, theinstant invention will be irrevocably and without restriction releasedto the public upon the granting of a patent.

If the deposit is made not under the terms of the Budapest Treaty,Applicant(s) provides assurance of compliance by following statements:

-   1. During the pendency of this application, access to the invention    will be afforded to the Commissioner upon request;-   2. All restrictions on availability to the public will be    irrevocably removed upon granting of the patent under conditions    specified in 37 CFR 1.808;-   3. The deposit will be maintained in a public repository for a    period of 30 years or 5 years after the last request or for the    effective life of the patent, whichever is longer;-   4. A test of the viability of the biological material at the time of    deposit will be conducted by the public depository under 37 CFR    1.807; and-   5. The deposit will be replaced if it should ever become    unavailable.

Access to this deposit will be available during the pendency of thisapplication to persons determined by the Commissioner of Patents andTrademarks to be entitled thereto under 37 C.F.R. § 1.14 and 35 U.S.C. §122. Upon granting of any claims in this application, all restrictionson the availability to the public of the variety will be irrevocablyremoved by affording access to a deposit of at least 2,500 seeds of thesame variety with the depository.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms herein havethe same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in theart to which this invention belongs. Although any methods and materials,similar or equivalent to those described herein, can be used in thepractice or testing of the present invention, the non-limiting exemplarymethods and materials are described herein.

All publications and patent applications mentioned in the specificationare indicative of the level of those skilled in the art to which thisinvention pertains. All publications and patent applications are hereinincorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individualpublication or patent application was specifically and individuallyindicated to be incorporated by reference. Nothing herein is to beconstrued as an admission that the present invention is not entitled toantedate such publication by virtue of prior invention.

Many modifications and other embodiments of the inventions set forthherein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which theseinventions pertain having the benefit of the teachings presented in theforegoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is tobe understood that the inventions are not to be limited to the specificembodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments areintended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a genericand descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

While the invention has been described in connection with specificembodiments thereof, it will be understood that it is capable of furthermodifications and this application is intended to cover any variations,uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, theprinciples of the invention and including such departures from thepresent disclosure as come within known or customary practice within theart to which the invention pertains and as may be applied to theessential features hereinbefore set forth and as follows in the scope ofthe appended claims.

1. A composition comprising: a) a cannabidiol (CBD) content that isgreater than 5.0% by weight; b) a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) contentthat is at least 3.0% by weight; c) a terpene profile in which myrceneis not the dominant terpene, and wherein limonene is the most abundantterpene; and d) a terpene oil content greater than 2.0% by weight;wherein the terpene profile consists of terpinolene, alpha phellandrene,beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alphaterpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alphahumulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, and myrceneterpenes, wherein the terpene oil content is the additive content of theterpenes in the terpene profile, and wherein the THC, CBD and terpeneoil contents are measured by gas chromatography-flame ionizationdetection (GC-FID) and calculated based on weight of the composition. 2.The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is a solvent reducedoil or a tincture.
 3. An edible product comprising the composition ofclaim
 1. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition isprepared from a single plant genotype.
 5. The composition of claim 1,wherein the composition comprises at least 5.0% THC by weight.
 6. Thecomposition of claim 1, wherein the composition is not a cannabis plantpart or cannabis cell.
 7. A method for producing a compositioncomprising cannabinoids, said method comprising the steps of: a)providing cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and limonene;and b) combining the CBD, THC, and limonene to produce a compositioncomprising: i) a CBD content that is greater than 5.0% by weight; ii) aTHC content that is at least 3.0% by weight; iii) a terpene profile inwhich myrcene is not the dominant terpene, and wherein limonene is themost abundant terpene; and iv) a terpene oil content greater than 2.0%by weight; wherein the terpene profile consists of terpinolene, alphaphellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alphapinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alphaterpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophylleneoxide, and myrcene terpenes, wherein the terpene oil content is theadditive content of the terpenes in the terpene profile, and wherein theTHC, CBD and terpene oil contents are measured by gaschromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and calculated basedon weight of the composition.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein thecomposition is a cannabis extract.
 9. The composition of claim 1,wherein the composition comprises at least 10.0% THC by weight.
 10. Thecomposition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises at least 20.0%THC by weight.
 11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the compositioncomprises at least 30.0% THC by weight.
 12. The composition of claim 1,wherein the composition comprises at least 40.0% THC by weight.
 13. Thecomposition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises at least 50.0%THC by weight.
 14. The composition of claim 1, wherein the compositioncomprises at least 10.0% CBD by weight.
 15. The composition of claim 1,wherein the composition comprises at least 20.0% CBD by weight.
 16. Thecomposition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises at least 30.0%CBD by weight.
 17. The composition of claim 1, wherein the compositioncomprises at least 40.0% CBD by weight.
 18. The composition of claim 6,wherein the composition comprises at least 20.0% THC by weight.
 19. Thecomposition of claim 6, wherein the composition comprises at least 20.0%CBD by weight.